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Unit-6 Image Compression

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10 views17 pages

Unit-6 Image Compression

Uploaded by

jainishramanuj
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Image Compression

UNIT - 6
FUNDAMENTAL

 Data compression process of reducing amount of data


required to represent information

 Data and information are different

 Data means by which information is conveyed

 Various amount of data may be used to represent same


amount of information
FUNDAMENTAL

 Data that either provide no relevant information or restate


that which is already known
called redundant data

 Data redundancy is central issue in digital image


compression
FUNDAMENTAL

 n1 and n2 are number of information-carrying units in two


data sets that represents same information

Compression ratio

Relative data redundancy


 If CR=10 means
larger representation has 10-bits data for every 1-bit
data in small representation
DATA REDUNDANCY

 3 types
1. Coding redundancy
 Code is system of symbols, used to represent body of
information
 Each piece of information assigned sequence of code symbols
called codeword
 Number of symbol in each codeword is called length
 In 2D array of image
8-bit used to represents intensity that is greater than needed
bits
DATA REDUNDANCY

 3 types
1. Coding redundancy
2. Interpixel redundancy
 Correlated pixels are having replication of information
 Like pixel depend on neighborhood pixel
DATA REDUNDANCY

 3 types
1. Coding redundancy
2. Interpixel redundancy
3. Psychovisual redundancy
 2D array image may contain information that is ignored by the
human eye or visual systems
IMAGE COMPRESSION

 Image compression system composed of 2 components

1. Encoder
Perform compression

2. Decoder
Perform decompression
IMAGE COMPRESSION
TYPES OF IMAGE COMPRESSION

Lossy Lossless
Compression Compression

Information loss while doing No loss of Information while doing


compression compression
Cannot retrieve same original image Can retrieve exactly same original
after decoding image after decoding
JPEG

 Most popular compression standard

 3 different coding systems

1. Lossy baseline coding system


(based on DCT)

2. Extended coding system


(for higher precision)

3. Lossless independent coding system


(for reversible compression)
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM

 Also called “Sequential baseline system”

 Steps:
1. Image is first divided into pixel block of size 8X8 which are
processed left to right and top to bottom
2. Level shifting by subtracting 2n-1
3. 2D DCT is computed
4. Quantized
5. Zigzag pattern
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM

 Images are subdivided so that the correlation (redundancy)


between adjacent sub images is reduced to some
acceptable level.

 Computational complexity increase as the sub image size


increases
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM
8×8 subimage

Change range from


-128 to 127
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM

DCT

DCT
coefficient
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM

DCT coefficient
Qu
an
t
iza
tio
n

Quantization matrix
JPEG : BASELINE SYSTEM

−26
−3 0
−3 −2 −6
2 −4 1 −3
1 1 5 1 2
−1 1 −1 2 0 0
0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Read in zigzag pattern 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
as below 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0

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