PART I: EXERCISES

ONE-SAMPLE TEST

1. The water pollution readings at CERTAIN Beach seem to be lower than last year. A sample of 12
readings was randomly selected from the records of this year’s daily reading:

2.2 2.5 2.5 3.7 3.3 3.3 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.8 1.9 4.5

Does this sample provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean of this year’s pollution
reading is significantly lower than last year’s mean of 2.1 at the 0.05 level? Assume that all
such reading have normal distribution.

1. DV: Records of this year’s daily reading

IV: Water pollution

2. Ho: There is NO difference in the records of this year’s daily reading given the water
pollution in the beach.
Ha: There is A difference in the records of this year’s daily reading given the water pollution
in the beach.

3. LOS: 0.05

4. TEST STATISTICS: One-Sample T-test

5. COMPUTATION/ANALYSIS

ONE SAMPLE STATISTICS

Value Standard Sample STD. T-value P- VALUE

Mean Mean Deviation ( 2- tailed)
Water 2.1 3.2333 0.81278 4.830 0.001 **
pollution
reading

P< 0.05
**Highly significant

6. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION

THEREFORE, reject Ho and accept Ha

Thus, there is a difference in the records of this years reading as P value is less
than 0.05 which proves to be highly significant.
 2. Suppose that as a military psychologist you know that the population of sonar operators has a
mean identification rat of 80 targets out of 100. You have just developed a new sonar training
system that, you claim, will increase the number of targets correctly identified. Using the data
from the 16 trainees listed below conduct a single sample t test to determine whether they
perform significantly better than the population of sonar operators trained using the traditional
method.

Number of targets correctly identified

85 84 93 94 70 94 42 92 94 99 91 95 80 69 85 85

1. DV: Performance of the sonar operators

IV: New sonar training system

2. Ho: There is NO difference in the performance of the sonar operators given the new sonar
training system.
Ha: There is A difference in the performance of the sonar operators given the new sonar
training system.

3. LOS: 0.05

4. TEST STATISTICS: One-Sample T-test

5. COMPUTATION/ANALYSIS

ONE SAMPLE STATISTICS

Value Standard Sample STD. T-value P- VALUE

Mean Mean Deviation ( 2- tailed)
New Sonar 80 84.50 14.23610 1.264 0.225
Training
System

P-value > 0.05

6. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION

Therefore, Accept Ho, Reject Ha

Thus, there is no difference in the performance of the sonar operators given the
new sonar system. In other words, the performance has nothing to do with the new sytem
as P- value is greater than the level of probability at .05.
3. A professor wants to know if her introductory statistics class has a good grasp of basic math. Six
students are chosen at random from the class and given a math proficiency test. The professor
wants the class to be able to score above 80 on the test. The 10 students get scores of 93, 74, 86,
89, 78, 89, 61, 71, 83, and 78. Can the professor have 95 percent confidence that the mean score
for the class on the test would be above 80?

1. DV: Student’s Basic Math Skills

IV: Students’ math proficiency test scores

2. Ho: There is NO difference in the basic math skills of the students given their scores in the
math proficiency test.
Ha: There is A difference in the basic math skills of the students given their scores in the
math proficiency test.

3. LOS: 0.05

4. TEST STATISTICS: One-sample T-test

5. COMPUTATION/ANALYSIS

ONE SAMPLE STATISTICS

Value Standard Sample STD. T-value P- VALUE

Mean Mean Deviation ( 2- tailed)
Student’s 80 80.20 9.78434 0.065 0.950
Basic Math
Skill

P- value > 0.05

6. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION

Therefore Accept Ho, Reject Ha.

Thus, there is no significant difference in the basic math skill of the students
given their scores in the math proficiency exam as P value is higher than .05.
4. It has been suggested that abnormal male children tend to occur more in children born to older –
than average parents. Case histories of 20 abnormal males were obtained, and the ages of 20
mothers were:
28 42 29 26 22 25 27 28 29 31
31 27 35 33 39 38 37 35 31 29

The mean age at which mothers in the general population give birth is 30.0 years. Does the
sample give sufficient evidence to support the claim that abnormal male children have older-than
average mother? Use α-0.05. Assume ages have a normal distribution

1. DV: The age of the mothers

IV: Abnormality of the children

2. Ho: There is NO difference in the age of the mother given the abnormalities of their child/the
children.
Ha: There is A difference in the age of the mother given the abnormalities of their child/the
children.

3. LOS: 0.05

4. TEST STATISTICS: One-Sample T-test

5. COMPUTATION/ANALYSIS

ONE SAMPLE STATISTICS

Value Standard Sample STD. T-value P- VALUE

Mean Mean Deviation ( 2- tailed)
Mothers’ 30 31.10 5.17992 0.950 0.354
Age

P-value > 0.05

6. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION

Therefore Accept Ho, Reject Ha

Thus, there so certain difference on the age of the mother given the abnormalities of their
child/the children. This signifies that the age of the mother has nothing to do with the
abnormalities of the children as it gained 0.354 which did not achieve a certain standard of
0.05 as its significant value.
 5. The mean work week for employees in a certain company is believed to be about 55 hours. A new
employee hopes that it’s shorter. A survey was conducted to ten employees in the company for
the lengths of their mean work weeks. Based on the results, would the employees mean work
week to be shorter than 55 hours?

Data (length of mean work week): 57; 54; 53; 51; 53; 57; 58; 62; 62; 66.

1. DV: Length of mean work

IV: Mean work for employees

2. Ho: There is NO difference in length of mean work of the employees in the company

Ha: There is A difference in length of mean work of the employees in the company

3. LOS: 0.05

4. TEST STATISTICS: One-Sample T-test

5. COMPUTATION/ANALYSIS

ONE SAMPLE STATISTICS

Value Standard Sample STD. T-value P- VALUE

Mean Mean Deviation ( 2- tailed)
Length of 55 57.30 4.80856 1.513 0.165
Mean Work

P-value > 0.05

6. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION

Therefore, Accept Ho, Reject Ha

Thus, by obtaining the P value of 0.165 higher than 0.05 confidence interval, it shows
that there is no significant difference in length of mean work of the employees as they think and
believe its shorter.

GET
FILE='C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav'.
DATASET NAME DataSet1 WINDOW=FRONT.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=2.1
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Reading
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 18-SEP-2021 06:43:30

Comments
C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\
MAED files\EDUC 254 -
Data
STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Input
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
20
File
User defined missing values
Definition of Missing
are treated as missing.
Statistics for each analysis
Missing Value Handling are based on the cases with
Cases Used no missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in the
analysis.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=2.1
Syntax /MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Reading
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Processor Time 00:00:00.02
Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.08
[DataSet1] C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Reading 12 3.2333 .81278 .23463

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 2.1

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Reading 4.830 11 .001 1.13333 .6169 1.6497

T-TEST
/TESTVAL=80
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Military
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 18-SEP-2021 08:24:52

Comments
Input Data C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\
MAED files\EDUC 254 -
STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav
 Active Dataset DataSet1
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
20
File
User defined missing values
Definition of Missing
are treated as missing.
Statistics for each analysis
Missing Value Handling are based on the cases with
Cases Used no missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in the
analysis.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=80
Syntax /MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Military
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Processor Time 00:00:00.00
Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.00

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA

ASSIGNMENT.sav

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Military 16 84.5000 14.23610 3.55903

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 80

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Military 1.264 15 .225 4.50000 -3.0859 12.0859

T-TEST
/TESTVAL=80
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Professor
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 18-SEP-2021 08:53:21

Comments
C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\
MAED files\EDUC 254 -
Data
STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Input
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
20
File
User defined missing values
Definition of Missing
are treated as missing.
Statistics for each analysis
Missing Value Handling are based on the cases with
Cases Used no missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in the
analysis.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=80
Syntax /MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=Professor
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
 Processor Time 00:00:00.00
Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.00

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA

ASSIGNMENT.sav

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Professor 10 80.2000 9.78434 3.09408

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 80

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Professor .065 9 .950 .20000 -6.7993 7.1993

T-TEST
/TESTVAL=30
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=AbnormalMale
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 18-SEP-2021 09:42:53

Comments
 C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\
MAED files\EDUC 254 -
Data
STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Input
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
20
File
User defined missing values
Definition of Missing
are treated as missing.
Statistics for each analysis
Missing Value Handling are based on the cases with
Cases Used no missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in the
analysis.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=30
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
Syntax

/VARIABLES=AbnormalMale
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Processor Time 00:00:00.00
Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.00

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA

ASSIGNMENT.sav

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

AbnormalMale 20 31.1000 5.17992 1.15827

One-Sample Test
 Test Value = 30

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

AbnormalMale .950 19 .354 1.10000 -1.3243 3.5243

T-TEST
/TESTVAL=55
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=WorkWeek
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 18-SEP-2021 10:24:05

Comments
C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\
MAED files\EDUC 254 -
Data
STATISTICS\DATA
ASSIGNMENT.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Input
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data
20
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values
are treated as missing.
 Statistics for each analysis
are based on the cases with
Cases Used no missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in the
analysis.
T-TEST
/TESTVAL=55
Syntax /MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=WorkWeek
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Processor Time 00:00:00.02
Resources
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.05

[DataSet1] C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\MAED files\EDUC 254 - STATISTICS\DATA

ASSIGNMENT.sav

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

WorkWeek 10 57.3000 4.80856 1.52060

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 55

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

WorkWeek 1.513 9 .165 2.30000 -1.1398 5.7398