Objectives Review: Databases

• Review: Databases • What do databases do for us?

• JDBC • What are tables made up of?
• Static Mock-up Demo • What language do we use to query and
update relational databases?
• What is the syntax for the SELECT
statement?

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Project Overview JDBC: Java Datab

atabase Connectivity
Web Application • Database-independent connectivity
JDBC
 JDBC converts generalized JDBC calls into
HTML Servlets, Backend vendor-specific SQL calls
JSPs, … (Java) State
• Classes in java.sql.* and javax.sql.*
DB or XML or
Automatically Data structures, packages
text files
generate UI helper classes
(HTML), Handle
user requests

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Using JDBC in a Java Program java.sql

java.sql.
.DriverManager
• Load the database driver • Provides a common access layer for
• Obtain a connection different database drivers
• Create and execute statements (SQL • Requires that each driver used by the
queries) application be registered before use
• Use result sets (tables) to navigate through • Load the database driver by its name using
the results ClassLoader:
• Close the connection Class.forName(“org.postgresql.Driver”);

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JDBC: Creating a Connection JDBC: Executing Queries: Statements
• After loading the DB driver, create the connection Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
(see API for all ways)
Type of DB
Location of DB,
port optional DB name
• executeQuery(String query)
 Returns a ResultSet
String url = “jdbc:postgresql://hopper:5432/cs297";  Iterate through ResultSet, row-by-row, getting
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, results from each column
username, password);
rs = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM table”);
• executeUpdate(String query) to
• Close connection when done update table
 Release resources
Where should these code
 Returns an integer representing the number of
con.close(); affected rows
fragments go in a Servlet?
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Iterating Through ResultSets Useful ResultSet Methods

• Example: • Number of rows in the result:
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT” + rs.last();
“* FROM majors"); int numberOfRows = rs.getRow();

while( rs.next()) {
String name= rs.getString("name");
• Information about the table, such as number,
String dept = rs.getString(2); // column 2 types, and properties of columns:
System.out.println(name + "\t" + dept);  ResultSetMetaData getMetaData()
}

• Can access column values by name or which

column (count starts at 1, left to right)
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JDBC: Prepared Statements JDBC

• con.prepareStatement(String template) • API Documentation: java.sql.*
 Compile SQL statement “templates”  Statements, Connections, ResultSets, etc. are
• Reuse statement, passing in parameters all Interfaces
 Java handles formatting of Strings, etc. as parameters • Driver/Library implements interfaces for its
updateSales = con.prepareStatement(“INSERT” + database
“INTO Majors (name, department) VALUES”+ • Limitations
“(?, ?)”); ? = Parameter  Java doesn’t compile the SQL statements
• Set parameters • Exact syntax depends on DB
 updateSales.setInt(1, 100); • Compile, run, verify queries outside of Java for
 updateSales.setString(2, “French Roast”); your database
 Columns start at 1 • Then copy and use in Java code
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Using PostgreSQL on Command-Line Examples Using JDBC
• In a terminal, ssh into hopper
 ssh hopper
• Run the PostgreSQL client: psql ,
connecting to the appropriate database
 psql cs297
• At the prompt, type in SQL statements,
ending in ;

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Transactions in JDBC Transactions in JDBC

• By default, a connection is in auto-commit • You can turn off auto-commit and execute
mode multiple statements as a transaction
 Each statement is a transaction  Database can keep handling others’ reads
 Automatically committed as soon as executed  Others won’t see updates until you commit
con.setAutoCommit(false);
// execute SQL statements …
con.commit(); // commit those statements
con.setAutoCommit(true);

• Can call rollback to abort updates

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Storing Passwords Connection Pool

• Use md5 function on passwords • Want to reuse DB connections
 md5(‘password’)  Reduce overhead of creating and closing
• Compare user’s input password md5’d with connections to database
password in database • Could write our own connection pool class
 SELECT COUNT(id) FROM Users WHERE  Many examples online
username=? AND password=md5(?); • Apache wrote one that we’ll use
• Example: username and password = ‘test’  http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/
 Need to add its jars to our lib directory

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Using the Connection Pool Midterm Info
• Create a DataSource object in the • Midterm - next Wednesday
ServletContext
• Covers
 All the servlets can see the ServletContext
 Shared resource, given name, value
 HTML, CSS
• Create a DBConnectionServlet class  WWW in general - distributed ideas
 init method gets the DataSource object from the  Usability
ServletContext  Servlets, JSPs, Application organization
 When need a connection, call getConnection on
 Synchronization, Version Control
DataSource object
 Servlets that need the DB extend
 SQL, JDBC
DBConnectionServlet
• Examples in Logic project later
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TODO Issues
• Lab 7: JDBC • Welcome Page?
 Due Friday  Text from Professor Gregory?
• Study for midterm  Documentation links?
• In a bit: Static HTML Mock-up Demo • Logout link: Student, Professors
 From Logout: return to Welcome Page, with
message “You have logged out”
• Adding answers: needs the symbol table
• Deleting: before deleting, make sure that’s
really what the user wants

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