What is

Computer
A computer is a device that accepts
information (in the form of digitalized
data) and manipulates it for some result
based on a program, software, or
sequence of instructions on how the data
is to be processed.

Charles Babbage invented a machine called

Analytical Engine, which is a model of today's
computers.He is known as the 'father of
computers
 Generations
Each generation of computer is designed based on a new technological development,
resulting in better, cheaper and smaller computers that are more powerful and faster than
their predecessors.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

The period of
The period of The period of The period of
first The fifth
second Third Fourth
generation generation of
generation generation of Generation of
was from computer was
computers was computer was computers was
1946-1959. from 1980 to
from 1957-1963. from 1965-1971 from 1971 – 1980.
the present.
First
Generation
First generation of computer started
with using vacuum tubes as the basic
components for memory and circuitry
for CPU. These tubes like electric bulbs
produced a lot of heat and were prone
to frequent fusing of the installations,
therefore, were very expensive and could
be afforded by very large organisations.
In this generation mainly batch
processing operating system were used.
In this generation Punched cards, Paper
tape.
 25

Features 20

The main features of First Generation are:

⚫ Vaccum tube technology 15

⚫Unrealiable
⚫Supported Machine language only
10
⚫Very costly
⚫ Generate lot of heat
⚫ Show Input/Output device 5

⚫Huge size
⚫Need of A.C.
0
⚫Non portable Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
⚫ Consumed lot of electricity
 Second
Generation
The period of second generation was from
1959-1965. In this generation, transistors
were used that were cheaper, consumed
less power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first generation
machines made of vacuum tubes.It is
made of silicone chip.It is a semi
conductor
Features
25

20
The main features of second generation
are
⚫ Use of transistors
⚫ Realiable in comparison to first 15
generation computers
⚫Smaller size as compared to first
generation computers 10
⚫Generated less heat as compared to first
generation computers
⚫Consumed less electricity as compared
5
to first generation computers
⚫Faster than first generation computers
⚫Still very costly
0
⚫AC required
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
⚫ Supported machine and assembly
languages
Third
Generation
The period of third generation was from 1965-
1971. The computers of third generation used
Integrated Circuits in place of transistors. A
single IC has many transistors, resistors, and
capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This
development made computers smaller in size,
reliable, and efficient. In this generation
remote processing, time-sharing,
multiprogramming operating system were
used. High-level languages were used during
this generation.
 Features
The main features of third generation are

⚫ IC used

⚫More reliable in comparison to previous two generations

⚫Smaller size

⚫Generated less heat

⚫ Lesser maintenance

⚫Costly

⚫AC required

⚫Consumed lesser electricity

 Fourth
Generation
The period of fourth generation was from
1971-1980. Computers of fourth generation
used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI)
circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000
transistors and other circuit elements with
their associated circuits on a single chip made
it possible to have microcomputers of fourth
generation.

Fourth generation computers became more powerful,

compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to
Personal Computer (PC) revolution.
 Features 25

The main features of fourth generation are − 20

⚫VLSI technology used

⚫Very cheap 15

⚫Portable and reliable

10
⚫Use of PCs
⚫Very small size
5
⚫Pipeline processing
⚫No AC required
0
⚫Concept of internet was introduced Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
 Fifth
Generation
The period of fifth generation is 1980-till
date. In the fifth generation, VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large
Scale Integration) technology, resulting in
the production of microprocessor chips
having ten million electronic components.
This generation is based on parallel
processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging
branch in computer science, which
interprets the means and method of
making computers think like human
beings. All the high-level languages like C
and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this
generation.
Features 25

The main features of fifth generation are − 20

⚫ULSI technology

⚫Development of true artificial intelligence 15

⚫Development of Natural language

processing
10
⚫Advancement in Parallel Processing

⚫Advancement in Superconductor
5
technology

⚫More user-friendly interfaces with

multimedia features 0
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
⚫Availability of very powerful and compact
computers at cheaper rates
 As mentioned before, generation of
computers range upto 5 main
Conclusion generations until now.

.....................
These generation of computers
refers to the history of computing
devices being segmented into era's/
time periods i.e. generations
.
The advancement in technology has
helped us move from big sized,
heavy computers to small compact
devices for use. Moving from
vacuum tubes to transistors, to
integrated circuits to
microprocessors and finally to
artificial intelligence.
Thank you.