Lecture Slides

Semester I, Academic Year 2024-2025

International University, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City

Statistics for Health Science

Lecture 5: Normal Distribution & Student’s t Distribution

Tan-Nhu Nguyen, Ph.D.

Department of Biomedical Instrumentation
School of Biomedical Engineering
International University; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
Email: [email protected]
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 Contents – Analyzing Data – Measures of Dispersions

Contents:
1. Normal Distribution
1.1. Introduction
1.2. General Normal Distribution and Properties
1.3. Standard Normal Distribution
2. Student’s t Distribution
2.1. Introduction
2.3. Definition of t Distribution
2.4. Properties of t Distribution
2.5. Application of t Distribution
2.6. t Table

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 1. Normal Distribution – Introduction

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 1. Normal Distribution – General Normal Distribution and Properties

Normal shapes: Properties:

𝑋~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )

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 1. Normal Distribution – General Normal Distribution and Properties

Normal shapes: Properties:

𝑋~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )

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 1. Normal Distribution – Standard Normal Distribution

Exercise 1: Compute the normalized

values for a given series of numbers

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 1

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 1. Normal Distribution – Standard Normal Distribution Tables

Exercise 2: Based on the Standard

Normal Distribution table:
- Find the value in the body of the
Normal table that corresponds to:
𝑧 = 2.61, 𝑧 = −0.34
- Find 𝑃 𝑍 < 2.61 = Φ(2.61)
- Find 𝑃 𝑍 > 2.61

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 2

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 ഥ
1. Normal Distribution – Standard Score of 𝑿

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 3
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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Introduction – Differences between Two Distributions

➢ How different between the control and treated enzyme activities?

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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Introduction – Differences between Two Means

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 Exercise: Compute the t-test value of the two

𝑡= series of numbers:
1 1
𝑠𝑝 × + - 1st series: [1, 0, 1, 2, 2, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
𝑛1 𝑛2
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1]
Where: - 2nd series: [2, 1, 2, 3, 3, -1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2,
𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are the sample mean values 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, -1]
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑠d 𝑛2 are the sample size of two sample
sets Conduct the classwork
𝑛1 −1 𝑠12 + 𝑛2 −1 𝑠22 on the Question 4, 5
𝑠𝑝 = is the “pooled standard
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2
deviation”
Degrees of Freedom:
➢ One sample test: 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛 − 1
➢ Two Sample test: 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Application of T Distribution

Applications

Significance of Significance of Significance of

single mean Difference between means correlation coefficient

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 6

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 2. Student’s t Distribution - Introduction

The sampling distribution of a statistic is normally distributed only if:

(1) The population distribution is normally distributed
(2) The population variance is known

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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Definition of t Distribution

Degrees of Freedom
Degree of Freedom:
𝑣 =𝑛−𝑘
𝑛: the size of the sample
𝑘: the number of parameters
that need to be estimated

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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Definition of t Distribution

s is the sample standard deviation of the acquired samples.

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 4
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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Definition of t Distribution

Conduct the classwork

on the Question 5
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 2. Student’s t Distribution – Properties of t Distribution

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 2. Student’s t Distribution – t Table

Exercise: Compute the accumulative

probability of the sample having the t
value of 0.683 and the sample size of
28.
Conduct the classwork
on the Question 6

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 2. Student’s t Distribution – t-Distribution Vs. Normal Distribution

t-distribution Normal distribution

➢ Centered at zero
➢ Have a basic bell-shape
➢ Curves asymptotic to the x-axis

➢ Curve is shorter and flatter ➢ Curve is longer and sharper

➢ Depends on the sample size n ➢ Depend on 𝜇 and 𝜎 2
➢ For studying the mean of a population ➢ For checking individuals within a population

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