21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE 2.

“The Barn Owl’s Wondrous Capers”

PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD by Sarnath Banerjee in 2009 portrays
18th century Calcutta exploiting the
Lesson 7 myth of the “Wandering Jew”.
3. “Louis Riel” by Chester Brown in 2003
Graphic fiction or a graphic novel is a comic
is a fictionalized violent rebellion in the
book narrative that is equivalent in form and
19th Century on the Canadian praire
dimension to the prose novel (Campbell 200,
who led by Riel.
81). The pictures are arranged in sequenced in
image panels and dialogues are written in
Flash fiction is imaginative literature of
speech bubbles. The illustrations allow the
extreme brevity. It could range from a word to
readers to imagine and experience the
a thousand (Gacusan 2018). It is known as
characters and events in the story.
micro stories, postcard fiction, nanotales and
short shorts.
Here are some of the features of graphic fiction
or graphic novel according to Singh (2012).
According to Sustana (2020), most of the flash
fictions have these common characteristics.
1. Autographic forms are the marks of
author’s handwriting which creates an
1. Brevity. Flash fiction presents the story
impact that the whole novel is a
with as fewest words as possible.
manuscript and thus provides a sense of
2. Complete plot. Flash fiction emphasizes
intimacy.
the development of the plot. It has a
2. Graphic novels encourage interactivity
beginning, middle, and ending of the
in the minds of the reader as he fills in
story.
the blanks between image panels.
3. Suprising ending. The successful
3. Filling in the blanks between image
hallmark of a flash fiction is its twist at
panels makes the reader imagine the
the end of the story.
actions portrayed in the story.
4. The language, syntax and meaning of a
Examples of Flash Fictions
graphic novel spring primarily through
the relationship between images than
1. “Angels and Blueberries” by Tara
words.
Campbell is a story of various
5. Graphic fiction combines book and
explanations for the color of the sky that
screen.
involves angels and blueberries.

Examples of Graphic Novels:

First lines: “Why is the sky blue?” you
ask. Well, it all depends on who’s
1. “In the Shadow of No Tower: 9/11” by
answering.
Art Spiegelmen in 2004 which tells the
story about the terrorist attack on
2. “Taylor Swift” by Hugh Behm-
September 11 in America. This also
Steinberg tells a weird story of how
depicts the traumatic and tragic
anyone can order a perfectly clone of
experiences of American people during
Taylor Swift at his doorstep.
the 9/11 terrorist attack.
 First line: You’re in love; it’s great, you phone industry became more advanced in
swipe on your phone and order: the next technology. Many of the video formats require
day a Taylor Swift clone shows up at plug-ins on browsers and specific mobile
your house. applications to load.

3. “Unnecessary Things” by Tatyana List of video formats:

Tolstaya is a story of finding an old and
torn teddy bear, “unnecessary things” 1. MPEG (.mpg/.mpeg) Developed by the
(items that do not serve any useful Moving Pictures Expert Group. The first
purpose), that she adored as a child. popular video format on the web. Not
supported anymore in HTML
First lines: This Teddy bear once had 2. AVI (.avi) Developed by Microsoft.
amber eyes made from special glass — Commonly used in video cameras and
each one had a pupil and an iris. The TV hardware. Plays well on Windows
bear itself was gray and stiff, with wiry computers, but not in web browsers.
fur. I adored him. 3. WMA (.wma) Developed by Microsoft.
Plays well on Windows computers, but
Lesson 8 not in web browsers.
4. FLASH (swf) Flash Video is a
Multimedia and its Concepts container file format used to deliver
A multimedia is any electronic application used digital video content over the Internet
to teach lessons or to further educate learners using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and
on a particular topic. It is a presentation of newer.
material that uses both words and pictures in a 5. MP3 (.mp3) MP3 files are actually the
combination of text, voice, picture or video. sound part of MPEG files. MP3 is the
Using interactive digital tools to tell a story is most popular format for music players.
called digital storytelling and often uses a Combines good compression (small
combination of multimedia venues to complete files) with high quality. Supported by all
the task. The use of multimedia allows browsers.
educational ideas and materials to be presented 6. MP4 (.mp4) MP4 is a video format, but
in a more artistic, inspired and engaging way. can also be used for audio. Supported by
all browsers.
Uses of Multimedia
Animation
Videos Animation is a form of art for most people,
Digital video is a primary component in especially those that are in the business of
multimedia, especially those that appear online producing animated movies. Right now,
and on television. The different formats of animation has become interactive, allowing
these types of multimedia include wmv, avi, users to directly affect the outcome of animated
mped and flash. Some of these formats are components and events. Flash is the most
better than others because they load faster and common platform for animation, and using this
can be viewed or loaded using different component, the interactivity of animation is
platforms and operating systems. Many videos enhanced.
have changed formats ever since the mobile
Text 5. Multimedia technology has improved
Text has always been and will always been the the learning experience by combining
most common among the types of multimedia various forms of media together.
components in different applications. Text in
combination with other media components can https://www.educba.com/best-free-
make any application more user-friendly. By multimedia-software/
using text, interactivity is increased. Text
elements are particularly important for Benefits of Using Multimedia
accessibility purposes. Users of an application
need to input text for the system to identify • Digital storytelling allows students to
them. Text is also used to create a digital improve their knowledge about a
signature, such as in passwords. specific subject and increases skills such
as writing, researching and reading.
Images • Using multimedia improve a learner’s
Digital image files are needed to create videos overall academic performance. In
and animation. A user would sooner go to a particular, multimedia in the classroom
website filled with colourful photographs than is used for self-directed learning or
one that contains only text elements. Familiar SDL.
image formats include jpeg and png. These • Students manage their time and assess
formats permit editing. Images are created by what needs to be included in their
graphic designers using various software. learning activities. This style of learning
is used mostly with older students who
Audio already know how to manipulate many
Voiceovers comprise a tremendous number of of the multimedia venues available to
the types of multimedia components. Audio them.
files include background music and special
effects. Any audio in an application is designed Lesson 9
to improve a user’s experience.
Flash Fiction
Characteristics of Multimedia
A flash fiction, also known as short-short story,
1. Multimedia can be used in the typically contains less than 1000 words which
presentations, making them more fun is most often used to describe short casual
and interesting. written works. Although a flash fiction may be
2. A multimedia presentation has various written in any genre, the most famous ones are
viewing options such as projector or a in romance, thriller, horror and sci-fi. Even
media player and the like. with only a number of words, a flash fiction
3. You can also download the multimedia also bears the essential elements of a short
presentation or play it live. story. The paramount of all the elements for
4. The technology of multimedia can also this type of literature is the plot.
be used to make the information be
conveyed more easily to the user.
Characteristics of Flash Fiction

When writing a flash fiction story, it is PLOT – a movement in time

important to know how they are similar and The plot is a movement in time when the story
different to longer stories. Flash fiction is transpires on a particular period of time such as
shorter, but it should not feel too short. Here are an hour, a day, a week, a month or even a year.
some traits of strong flash fiction stories.
PLOT - movement in casualty
1. Story Structure: A flash fiction story is The plot is a movement in casualty when the
not the shortened version of a longer story is established on a series of casual events
story; it still follows the elements of that happen one after another. Here, the writer
plot, including a beginning, middle and is to create a story based on the principle of
end, as well as a conflict and satisfying cause and effect that is, the first event sets off
resolution. the second and the second event sets off the
third and so on. Hence, every new event has a
2. Setting: Most flash fiction stories take casual relationship to the old ones.
place in one setting, as moving between
locations uses up too much space. It PLOT - a movement in dramatic tension
allows the writer and reader to focus on The plot is a movement in dramatic tension
the plot. when the story has dialogue, action, details,
descriptions and scenes that amplify the tension
3. Characters and Backstory: Flash and persuade the reader to turn the page and
fiction pieces are plot-driven and continue reading. The techniques of
include no more than three or four foreshadowing, flashback and epiphany are
characters. They may include some oftentimes employed in this type of plot.
character development, but too much
backstory can use valuable space. The following are the components of a plot
structure or parts of the narrative.
4. Description: One may think that flash
fiction stories are short on description to a. Exposition – This is the beginning of the
save space. However, a strong piece can story, also known as the inciting incident. This
balance vivid descriptions with a quick is where the author introduces the characters,
moving plot. Stories that lack identifies where the story is happening, and
description are not satisfying to read, establishes the main conflict. This includes
and a flash fiction piece should feel events, actions or even decisions that build
complete. conflict, pressure or disturbance to the main
character.
The Plot
b. Rising Action – This is also known as the
There are three other ways to write a plot. A plot complication where the writer fully
plot may be written as a movement in casualty, introduces the conflict or the obstacle that will
a movement in time and a movement in prevent the main character, the protagonist, to
dramatic tension. achieve his goal.
c. Climax – This part is considered as the most
exciting part of a story. This part has the most
tension or most exciting event compared to all
other events in the story. Also, this is where
important decisions are made or important
things are discovered.

d. Falling Action – This point occurs after the

climax as the problems in the story start to work
themselves out. The excitement becomes less
and less as the conflict is resolved.

e. Resolution/End – This is the solution to the

problem in a story. When a writer brings
resolution to end the story, he can end the story
with either an open or closed ending. When a
writer uses a closed ending, the resolution is
done by answering all unanswered questions
that were implied or explicitly stated. A death
is an example of a closed ending. When a writer
uses an open ending, he leaves the readers to
think, wonder or speculate what happens after
the story has ended.