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Exp 2 Theo

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8 views2 pages

Exp 2 Theo

Uploaded by

nanhahajshqana111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No: M2

Experiment Name: “Motion with Constant Acceleration in Inclined Plane”


Objective:
-Experimentally examining motion with constant acceleration in one dimension and on an
inclined plane.

- Calculation and compare of the experimental acceleration 𝑎 𝐸𝑥𝑝 and theoretical acceleration
𝑎 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜.
Keywords:
Constant acceleration, Inclined Plane, slope, time, distance

Theoretical Information:

Inclined planes are surfaces that stand at a certain angle 𝜃 with the horizontal. Figure 1 shows
an object with mass m placed on an inclined plane and the forces acting on this object.

Assuming the inclined plane is frictionless, more than one force acting on an object of
mass m will be as shown in Figure 1.
All objects near the earth have a uniform downward acceleration due to gravity. By
tilting the air track by a small amount, you effectively “reduce” the acceleration due to
gravity. This idea was first employed by Galileo, who used an inclined plane rather than tilted
air track.
Suppose g is the (downward) acceleration due to gravity. When an object of mass m is
placed on an inclined plane, the downward force mg on the object due to gravity may be
resolved into two components (see Figure 1). One component is normal (perpendicular) to the
plane, and one is tangent to (along) the plane. The component of the force of gravity that is

1
normal to the plane is balanced by the reaction force of the plane on the object (in this case
the force provided by the air blowing out of the holes in the air track). Thus, the total normal
force on the object is zero.
From Figure 1, if the length of the airway (inclined plane) is L and the height of the
upper end is H, sin(𝜃 ) is found by the following equation.

sin(𝜃) =
𝐻 (1)
𝐿

The air track produces no tangential force on the object and the net tangential force on
the object is just that due to gravity. Figure 1 shows that the tangential component of the force
on the object is
𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑔sin(𝜃) (2)

According to Newton’s law of motion, the acceleration 𝑎 (here the tangential


acceleration) is related to the tangential force by the equation

𝐹⃗ = 𝑚 𝑎⃗ (3)

Using Equation 2 and Equation 3, the equation giving the relationship


between acceleration 𝑎 and angle 𝜃 is found.

𝑎 = 𝑔 sin(𝜃 ) (4)

If the acceleration expression is integrated with respect to time,


For velocity:
𝑣 = 𝑔 𝑡 sin(𝜃 ) (5)

For distance:

𝑥=
1
𝑔 𝑡 sin(𝜃 ) (6)
2

In the above equations, it is assumed that the motion starts from the starting point
without initial velocity (𝑣 = 0 ).

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