Thread Measurement by Using Two & Three Wire Method

THREAD MEASUREMENT
Aim:
To measure (or) Check the major, minor diameters, pitch and effective diameter of a given
threaded component by using
a) Two wire method.
b) Three wire method.
Description:
Screw pitch gauge fig1: there are sets of flat steel blades which
are notched on one edge according to various thread pitches represented by the
gauge. The blades are pivoted at the end of a holder. It is used to measure the pitch
of the thread. To use it the blade with the repaired thread pitch is applied to the
thread being checked at the radial plane. If the pitch is correct, the gauge will fit
tightly to the thread profile and no light will pass between the gauges and thread
profile.
Screw thread micrometer:

This is similar to the ordinary micrometer, but instead of usual flat measuring faces,
it has specially designed anvil& spindle inserts as shown in fig(2). The inserts are
interchangeable to suit the thread pitch. To check the minor dia of a screw, two v-
shaped inserts are used so that their sharp apexes contact the roots of the screw
thread.
Theory:
Three wire method: it is the more accurate method for checking the pitch diameter.
This method consists in placing three small dia cylinders in the thread grooves of
opposite side of a screw and measuring the distance w over the outer surface of the
wires with an ordinary micrometer calliper having flat measuring faces fig(3). Three
wires are required to prevent misalignment of the measuring faces on the micrometer
calliper.
The pitch or effective dia is calculated from the value of w in the following manner
Procedure:
1. Keep the threaded component whose dimensions to be measured between the two
canters of the bench canters.
2. Measure the outside dia by means of outside micrometer, which is equal to major dia.
3. Measure the root dia or cone dia of external threads by using vernier calliper,
which is equal to minor dia.
4. Keep two wires made of hardened steel between the flank of the thread as shown
in fig. (5) By means of either hand or by a stand.
5. Take the dia over the wire by means of micrometer& calculate the effective dia
as per the formulae explained in theory.
6. The pitch & helix angle of the screw can be found by using screw pitch angle.
7. For three-wire method repeat the above procedure by keeping three wires instead of
two wires & calculations as per theory.
Observations & Calculations:
The major diameter of external thread screw D=

The minor diameter of external thread screw Dm=
Pitch of thread screw (P) =
Helix angle or thread angle of thread screw =
p  
Effective diameter or pitch diameter of thread screw (E) = M − 2d + cot − d (1 − cos ec )
2 2 2
Where M=distance over two wires=
d = diameter of the wire
Best wire size diameter (d) = P/2 sec /2=
Three wire method:
The major dia of external thread screw D=

The minor dia of external thread screw Dm =
Pitch of thread screw (P)
Helix angle or thread angle of thread screw =
 p 
Effective dia or pitch dia of thread screw (P) = M − d (1 + cos ec ) + . cot
2 2 2
Where W=distance over three wires
D=dia of the wire
P=pitch of the screw
Threaded angle=600
Best wire size dia (d) = P/2 sec
Two wire method:
The effective dia of screw thread can be obtained by placing two wires or rods of identical
dia between the flanks of the thread as shown in fig. (5).and measuring the distance over the
outside of three wires.
The effective dia E = T+P
Where T = dimension under wires
= M-2d
Where M= dimension over the wires
d= dia of each wire,
P=0.965p-1.165d=whitworth thread,
P=0.866p-d=metric thread.
P= the difference between the effective diameter and the diameter under the wires.
Wire of any diameter must take contact with the flanks of the thread at the pitch diameter
From fig (4), the point B, at which the wire touches the flank of the thread, lies on
the pitch line i.e., BC lies on pitch line and AB is to the flank position of the thread.
If there is a possibility of the thread angle being incorrect, the wire of best size
should be used to determine effective dia, since such wires will be independent of
any error in thread angle.
BC= P/4
from ABC, AB=d/2=BC Sec ( /2)
d/2= P/4 Sec (02)
Best size of the wire d=p/2 Sec ( /2)
For ISO metric threads
d=p/2 sec30= 0.5774p
Precautions:
Fix the screwed post in between the canters perfectly.
Do not allow to turn, while doing the experiment.
Take proper care while taking the reading with micrometers.
Result:
1. Major dia of screw=
2. Minor dia of screw=
3. Pitch of the screw=
4, Threaded angle=
5. Best wire size=
6. Effective diameter (d) or pitch diameter of screw=
a) By two wire method E=
b) By three wire method E=
Measurement of effective diameter by two wire and three wire method
Aim:
To determine the major and effective diameter of the given threaded component.
Apparatus required:
1. Floating carriage machine
2. Standard wires
3. Standard cylinder
Theory:
1. Two wire and three method of effective diameter measurement.
2. Care to be taken while handling Floating Carriage Diameter Measuring Machine.
3. Best size of wires.
Floating Carriage Micrometer (FCM):

Effective Diameter Measuring Micrometer (EDMM) is also commonly known as
FCM or Floating Carriage Micrometer. This instrument is used for accurate measurement of
'Thread Plug Gauges'. Gauge dimensions such as Outside diameter, Pitch diameter, and Root
diameter are measured with the help of this instrument. In order to ensure the manufacture of
screw threads to the specified limits laid down in the appropriate standard it is essential to
provide some means of inspecting the final product. For measurement of internal threads
thread plug gauge is used and to check these plug gauges Floating Carriage Micrometer is
used for measuring Major, Minor and Effective diameter.
The pitch diameter is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder which passes through the
thread profile at such points as to make the widths of thread groove and thread ridge equal.
The correct pitch diameter assures that the threaded product or thread gauge is within
required limits in producing interchange ability and strength. Periodic measurement of the
pitch diameter is recommended to determine whether a thread gauge is worn below tolerance.
Two wire method:
• The effective diameter cannot be measured directly but can be calculated from the
measurements made.
• Wires of exactly known diameters are chosen such that they contact the flanks at their
straight portions
• If the size of the wire is such that it contacts the flanks at the pitch line, it is called the
best size of wire which can be determined by the geometry of screw thread.
The screw thread is mounted between the centers and wires are placed in the
grooves and reading is taken.
Procedure:
Principle of measurement:
The floating carriage diameter measuring machine is primarily used for measuring,
major, and effective diameters of thread gauges and precision threaded components. The
instrument has a meaning accuracy of 0.0002mm. It consists of a sturdy cast-iron base, two
accurately aligned and adjustable centers. At right angles to the axis of centers, there is a
freely moving measuring carriage mounted on ‗v‘-ways and carrying a micrometer and
highly sensitive fiducial indicator. This carriage permits measurements to be taken along the
center line and at right angles to the work. All measurements are made relative to a reference
master gauge or plain cylinder standard. The diameter of the standard should be within
2.5mm of the effective diameter of the work to be measured. The reading is taken on the
diameter over the standard with cylinders/prisms in position depending upon the thread
element to be measured. The standard is then replaced by the work piece and the
measurements are taken.
Major diameter measurement:

The instrument is first present using a suitable cylindrical standard and the reading
(R) of the micrometer is noted. The standard is then replaced by the work piece and second
reading is taken. The major diameter of the given specimen can be determined using the
expression.
F = D ± (R~R1)
Where,
F = Major diameter.
D = Diameter of the cylindrical standard used.
± = is determined by the relative size of the standard work piece.
Effective diameter measurement:

To determine the effective diameter of the thread, measurements are taken over the
thread measuring wires which will be selected depending upon the size and form of thread by
referring to the tables supplied.
The instrument is first present over a suitable cylindrical standard and selected thread
measuring wires. The reading (Rs) of micrometer is noted.
Then the standard is replaced by the work piece along with the wires introduced in the
thread form as shown in fig. The second reading (Rw) of the micrometer is noted.
The effective diameter can be determined using the relation,
E = D ± [(Rs – P) ~ Rw]
Where,
E = the effective diameter.
D = Diameter of the standard cylinder.
P = A constant which is dependent on the diameter of cylinders and the form of thread
to be measured. It is also defined as the difference between the effective diameter and the
diameter under the standard wires.
The value of ‘p’ can be calculated using the expression,
P = [(0.86602 * p) – d] for 60 degree metric and unified threads.
Where,
p = pitch of the threaded component.
d = mean diameter of the wires used.
1. Measurement of major diameter:
RS= Micrometer reading over setting Master/Standard.

RW = micrometer reading over threaded work piece.
D = Standard cylinder diameter
RS = MSR + (HSR x LC) + (CVD x LC)
RW = MSR + (HSR x LC) + (CVD x LC)
2. Measurement of effective diameter:
Results:
1. Major Diameter = _________________ mm

2. Minor Diameter =__________________mm
3. Effective Diameter =________________ mm

Thread Measurement by Using Two & Three Wire Method

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Thread Measurement by Using Two & Three Wire Method

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THREAD MEASUREMENT

Screw thread micrometer:

The major diameter of external thread screw D=

Three wire method:

The major dia of external thread screw D=

Two wire method:

Floating Carriage Micrometer (FCM):

Major diameter measurement:

Effective diameter measurement:

1. Measurement of major diameter:

RS= Micrometer reading over setting Master/Standard.

1. Major Diameter = _________________ mm

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