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Algebraic Functions Trigonometric Functions Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝑑 𝑛 𝑑 𝑑 1
(𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 −1
(𝑎 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎 (cos 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 (cos −1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑑 1
(log 𝑎 𝑥) = (tan 𝑥) = sec 2 𝑥 (tan−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑 −1
(𝑒 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 (cosec 𝑥) = − cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (cosec −1 𝑥) = , |𝑥| > 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 − 1

𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑑 1
(ln 𝑥) = (sec 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 (sec −1 𝑥) = , |𝑥| > 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 − 1
𝑑 𝑑 −1
(cot 𝑥) = − cosec 2 𝑥 (cot −1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑥 𝑛+1 ∫ cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cosec 𝑥 + 𝑐

∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑛+1
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝑐 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑥

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sin 𝑥| + 𝑐

𝑎𝑥 1
∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐 {𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1} ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 𝑥 + 𝑐
ln 𝑎 √1 − 𝑥 2
1 𝑥
∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 +𝑐
√𝑎2
− 𝑥2 𝑎
1 1
∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎 1 + 𝑥2
1 1 𝑥
∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 + 𝑐
𝑎2
+𝑥 2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1
∫ cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sec −1 |𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑎 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1
1 1 𝑥
∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sec −1 | | + 𝑐
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 𝑥+𝑎
∫ cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cot 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln | |+𝑐
𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 2𝑎 𝑥−𝑎

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 𝑥9
𝑒𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + + + +⋯ sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 − + − + +⋯
2! 3! 4! 3! 5! 7! 9!

𝑛(𝑛 − 1) 2 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) 3 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6 𝑥8

(1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 +⋯ cos 𝑥 = 1 − + − + +⋯
2! 3! 2! 4! 6! 8!

𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥3 2
ln(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 − + − +⋯ tan 𝑥 = 𝑥 + + 𝑥5 + ⋯
2 3 4 3 15
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Universal Constants

Quantity Symbol Value Unit

Constant of gravitation 𝐺 6.67259 × 10−11 N m2 kg −2
Speed of light in vacuum 𝑐 2.99792458 × 108 m s−1
Avogadro constant 𝑁𝐴 6.0221367 × 1023 mol−1
Gas constant 𝑅 8.314510 J K −1 mol−1
Boltzmann constant 𝑘 1.380658 × 10−23 J K −1
8.617385 × 10−5 eV K −1
Stefan—Boltzmann constant 𝜎 5.67051 × 10−8 W m−2 K −4
Wien's displacement law constant 𝑏 2.897756 × 10−3 mK
Charge of proton 𝑒 1.60217733 × 10−19 C
Mass of electron 𝑚𝑒 9.1093897 × 10−31 Kg
5.48579903 × 10−4 u
Mass of proton 𝑚𝑝 1.6726231 × 10−27 kg
1.007276470 u
Mass of neutron 𝑚𝑛 1.6749286 × 10−27 kg
1.008664904 u
Permeability of vacuum 𝜇0 4𝜋 × 10−7
12.566370614 … × 10−7 N A2
Permittivity of vacuum 𝜖0 1
𝜇0 𝑐 2
8.854187817 … × 10−12 C 2 N −1 m−2 = F m−1
Faraday constant 𝐹 96485.3029 C mol−1
Planck constant ℎ 6.6260755 × 10−34 Js
4.1356692 × 10−15 eV s
Rydberg constant 𝑅 1.0973731534 × 107 m−1

Ground state energy of hydrogen atom 13.605698 eV

Bohr radius 𝑎0 5.29177249 × 10−11 m

Astronomical Constants
Quantity Value Unit
Mass of the sun 1.99 × 10−30 kg
Radius of the sun 6.95 × 108 m
Mass of the earth 5.98 × 1024 kg
Mean radius of the earth 6.37 × 106 m
Mass of the moon 7.36 × 1022 kg
Radius of the moon 1.74 × 106 m
Mean earth—sun distance 1.50 × 1011 m
Mean earth—moon distance 3.84 × 108 m
Escape speed from the earth 11.2 km s −1
Escape speed from the moon 2.38 km s −1