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Business Logic - Deductive and Inductive

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21 views8 pages

Business Logic - Deductive and Inductive

Uploaded by

pamela.luna041605
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Business Logic

Deductive and inductive reasoning


Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

What is Inductive Reasoning?

Inductive reasoning
- is a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the
general. It’s usually contrasted with deductive reasoning, where you
go from general information to specific conclusions.
- Inductive reasoning is also called inductive logic or bottom-up
reasoning.
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

Uses of Inductive Reasoning


Inductive reasoning is used in a number of different ways, each serving a
different purpose:

1. We use inductive reasoning in everyday life to build our understanding


of the world.
2. Inductive reasoning also underpins the scientific method: scientists
gather data through observation and experiment, make hypotheses
based on that data, and then test those theories further. That middle
step—making hypotheses—is an inductive inference, and they
wouldn’t get very far without it.
3. Finally, despite the potential for weak conclusions, an inductive
argument is also the main type of reasoning in academic life.

Steps in Inductive Reasoning


1. Observation: The first step in inductive reasoning is to make
observations of a particular phenomenon or group of instances. These
observations can be made through various methods, such as
experiments, surveys, or data analysis.

2. Pattern Recognition: Once observations are made, the next step is


to identify patterns or regularities in the data. This involves looking for
similarities or commonalities among the instances or data points.

3. Hypothesis Formulation: Based on the patterns or regularities


identified, a hypothesis or tentative explanation is formulated. This
hypothesis should account for the observations made and provide a
possible explanation for the patterns identified.

4. Testing: The next step is to test the hypothesis through further


observations or experiments. This involves collecting additional data
and comparing it to the hypothesis to determine if it holds up or if it
needs to be modified.

5. Evaluation: Once testing is completed, the results are evaluated to


determine the strength of the hypothesis. If the results support the
hypothesis, it may be considered a valid explanation for the
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

observed phenomenon. However, if the results do not support the


hypothesis, it may need to be revised or discarded altogether.

6. Conclusion: The final step is to draw a conclusion based on the


evaluation of the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is supported by the
data, it may be used to make predictions or generalizations about
the larger population or phenomenon. However, if the hypothesis
is not supported, further research may be needed to better
understand the phenomenon.

Remember!
1. Observation: Notice specific instances or data points
2. Pattern Recognition: Identify patterns or trends in the observations.
3. Forming a Hypothesis: Create a general idea based on the
recognized patterns.
4. Testing: Gather more data to test whether the hypothesis holds.
5. Evaluation: Analyze the data to see if the hypothesis is supported.
6. Conclusion: If the hypothesis is supported, make generalizations or
predictions; if not, revise or conduct further research.

Advantages
1. Flexibility: Inductive reasoning allows us to make generalizations and
predictions based on specific observations, even when we do not
have complete information or a clear understanding of the underlying
mechanisms at work.

2. Creativity: Inductive reasoning can be a useful tool for generating


new ideas and hypotheses. By observing patterns and trends in our
data, we can develop new theories or identify areas for further
exploration.

3. Accessibility: Inductive reasoning is accessible to people with


varying levels of expertise or knowledge. By relying on empirical
observations, we can develop insights and draw conclusions without
requiring specialized training or expertise.

4. Real-world applicability: Inductive reasoning is used in a variety of


fields, from scientific research to business and decision-making. By
making predictions based on past observations, we can make
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

informed decisions and develop effective strategies for achieving our


goals.

5. Development of theories: Inductive reasoning can be used to


develop theories that can be tested through further observation or
experimentation. This allows us to refine our understanding of
complex phenomena and develop a more nuanced understanding of
how things work.

Limitations
1. Limited scope: Inductive reasoning relies on specific observations to
make generalizations, which means that the conclusions we draw are
limited to the scope of our observations. This means that our
conclusions may not be applicable to broader contexts or situations.

2. Potential for bias: Inductive reasoning can be influenced by our own


biases and preconceptions, as well as by the specific observations we
choose to focus on. This can lead to inaccurate or incomplete
conclusions.

3. Lack of certainty: Inductive reasoning is probabilistic in nature,


meaning that the conclusions we draw are based on probability rather
than certainty. This means that our predictions and generalizations
may not always be accurate.

4. Limited explanatory power: Inductive reasoning can tell us what is


likely to happen based on past observations, but it may not tell us why
something is happening or how it works. This can limit our ability to
develop a deeper understanding of complex phenomena.

5. Lack of predictive power: Inductive reasoning is limited to predicting


what is likely to happen based on past observations. It may not be
able to predict new or novel phenomena that have not been observed
before.

Inductive Reasoning
- Reasoning that a rule or statement is true because specific cases are
true.

Conjecture
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

- A statement believed to be true based on inductive reasoning.


- If a conjecture is true, it must be true for every case. Just one example
for which the conjecture is false will disprove it.

Counter Example
- A case that proves a conjecture false.
Conjecture: All birds can fly.
Counter Example: Penguins cannot fly.
Since penguins are birds but cannot fly, this disproves the conjecture that all
birds can fly. A single counterexample is enough to show that the original
statement is false.

To Use Inductive Reasoning


1. Look for a pattern.
2. Make a conjecture.
3. Prove the conjecture or find a counterexample to disprove it.

Example
● Look for a pattern: Every time you go to bed early, you feel more
energetic at school the next day.
● Make a conjecture: "Going to bed early makes me feel more
energetic at school.“
● Prove or disprove: After going to bed early a few more times and
consistently feeling energetic, this supports your conjecture. However,
if you go to bed early but still feel tired, that would be a
counterexample and disprove the conjecture.

Conditional Statement
- A statement that can be written as an “if-then” statement.
- Example: If today is Saturday, then we don’t have to go to school.

Hypothesis
- The part of the conditional following the word “if”.
- “today is Saturday” is the hypothesis.

Conclusion
- The part of the conditional following the word “then”.
- “we don’t have to go to school” is the conclusion.
Business Logic
Deductive and inductive reasoning

In this structure, the hypothesis is the condition or assumption, and the


conclusion is what follows if that condition is met.

To write a statement as a conditional, identify the sentence’s hypothesis and


conclusion by figuring out which part of the statement depends on the other.

Inductive reasoning helps us find patterns and make general conclusions from
specific observations. Conditional statements express these conclusions in an
"if-then" format, connecting cause and effect. Together, they improve our
critical thinking and decision-making.

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