Environmental Studies Important Point for Internal Exam

(From Unit-I and Unit-II both MCQs and FIBs)

MCQs

1. Which of the following is not a component of an ecosystem?

a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
d) Atmosphere
Answer: d) Atmosphere

2. In an ecosystem, which group of organisms is responsible for converting sunlight into

chemical energy?
a) Decomposers
b) Primary consumers
c) Producers
d) Secondary consumers
Answer: c) Producers

3. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?

a) Coral reef
b) Pond
c) Grassland
d) Ocean
Answer: c) Grassland

4. The word 'Environment' is derived from _______________.

a. Greek
b. French
c. Spanish
d. English
Answer: C) French

5. In a food chain, the primary consumers are typically:

a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Omnivores
d) Decomposers
Answer: a) Herbivores

6. The term "biodiversity" refers to:

a) The amount of oxygen produced by plants
b) The variety of species within an ecosystem
c) The number of decomposers in an ecosystem
d) The distribution of species across the globe
Answer: b) The variety of species within an ecosystem
7. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is fixed by:
a) Plants
b) Animals
c) Bacteria
d) Water
Answer: c) Bacteria

8. One of the following is a natural ecosystem are _______________.

a. Aquarium
b. Gardens
c. Terrarium
d. Grassland Biomass
Answer: d) Grassland Biomass

9. The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by an increase in:

a) Oxygen
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane
d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane

10. The depletion of the ozone layer is primarily due to:

a) Sulfur dioxide emissions
b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen oxides
Answer: b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

11. Which of the following is an example of water pollution?

a) Sound from factories
b) Oil spills in oceans
c) Light from street lamps
d) Smoke from vehicles
Answer: b) Oil spills in oceans

12. Energy flow in an ecosystem is _________________.

a. Bidirectional
b. Unidirectional
c. Multidirectional
d. Non-directional
Answer: c) Multidirectional
13. Acid rain is caused due to the presence of which gases in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen and nitrogen
b) Carbon dioxide and methane
c) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
d) Ozone and carbon monoxide
Answer: c) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

14. Which of the following is a major consequence of soil pollution?

a) Increase in biodiversity
b) Decrease in soil fertility
c) Production of renewable energy
d) Enhanced plant growth
Answer: b) Decrease in soil fertility

15. Which of these is considered a biodegradable pollutant?

a) Plastic bags
b) Glass bottles
c) Food waste
d) Metal cans
Answer: c) Food waste

16. Which of the following is an effect of noise pollution on humans?

a) Increased water pollution
b) Hearing loss
c) Enhanced air quality
d) Improved mental health
Answer: b) Hearing loss

17. A herbivore is also known as a ________________________.

a. Producer
b. First Order Consumer
c. Second Order Consumer
d. Third Order Consumer
Answer: b. First Order Consumer

18. Which type of pollution is most commonly associated with the overuse of fertilizers and
pesticides?
a) Air pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Noise pollution
d) Thermal pollution
Answer: b) Water pollution
19. Climate change is primarily caused by
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Global deforestation
c) Excessive emission of greenhouse gases
d) Depletion of natural resources
Answer: c) Excessive emission of greenhouse gases

20. Which of the following is a global issue related to population growth?

a) Improved food security
b) Increased greenhouse gas emissions
c) More biodiversity
d) Reduction in water scarcity
Answer: b) Increased greenhouse gas emissions

21. A product of photosynthesis is ________________________.

a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Water
c. Oxygen
d. chlorophyll
Answer: c. Oxygen

22. _______ is called secondary air pollutant.

a. PANs
b. Ozone
c. Carbon Monoxide
d. Nitrogen Dioxide
Answer: b. Ozone

23. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in which
year?
a) 1992
b) 2000
c) 2015
d) 2020
Answer: c) 2015

24. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement related to:

a) Human rights
b) Climate change
c) Biodiversity conservation
d) Global trade
Answer: b) Climate change
25. Which of the following is not a global issue related to food production?
a) Soil degradation
b) Water scarcity
c) Hunger and malnutrition
d) Overpopulation of wildlife
Answer: d) Overpopulation of wildlife

26. Gender inequality is considered a global issue because:

a) It only affects one part of the world
b) It impacts economic development and social justice worldwide
c) It is caused by global warming
d) It leads to overpopulation
Answer: b) It impacts economic development and social justice worldwide

27. Which of the following is more in percentage in the air?

a. Oxygen Gas
b. Nitrogen Gas
c. Water vapor
d. Carbon Dioxide Gas
Answer: b. Nitrogen Gas

28. Historical and heritage monuments are being affected by ______.

a. Air Pollution
b. Water Pollution
c. Noise Pollution
d. Soil Pollution
Answer: a. Air Pollution

29. The Environment Protection Act was enacted in:

a) 1980
b) 1986
c) 1991
d) 2000
Answer: b) 1986

30. Who measure the global warming rate?

a. Astrologers
b. Physicist
c. Philosopher
d. Climatologist
Answer: d. Climatologist
31. How human activity has influenced global warming?
a. By planting more trees
b. By causing changing in gravitational force
c. By changing the radiative balance governing the Earth
d. By protecting environment
Answer: c. By changing the radiative balance governing the Earth

32. The Wildlife Protection Act of India was passed in which year?
a) 1968
b) 1972
c) 1985
d) 1995
Answer: b) 1972

33. Which of the following is the main purpose of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in India?
a) Promote wildlife tourism
b) Resolve environmental disputes
c) Manage forests and wildlife
d) Promote agriculture
Answer: b) Resolve environmental disputes

34. The Forest Conservation Act was passed in:

a) 1975
b) 1980
c) 1995
d) 2005
Answer: b) 1980

35. Which of the following acts governs the management of hazardous wastes in India?
a) The Environment Protection Act, 1986
b) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
c) The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989
d) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Answer: c) The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989
FIBs

1. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their ____
environment.
Answer: non-living
2. The non-living components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, water, and minerals, are called
____.
Answer: abiotic factors
3. In an ecosystem, ____ are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis,
like plants and algae.
Answer: producers
4. Animals that rely on other organisms for food are known as ____.
Answer: consumers
5. ____ are organisms that break down dead plants and animals, returning nutrients to the soil.
Answer: Decomposers
6. The biotic components are the living components of the ________________________.
Answer: Ecosystem
7. _______________________ includes all the water on or near the surface of the earth.
Answer: Hydrosphere
8. Biodiversity refers to the variety of ____ on Earth, including different species, ecosystems,
and genetic variations within species.
Answer: life
9. High biodiversity increases the ____ of an ecosystem, helping it recover from disturbances
like natural disasters.
Answer: resilience
10. The variety of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes is known as ____
diversity.
Answer: ecosystem
11. The diversity within a species, including differences in DNA among individuals, is called ____
diversity.
Answer: genetic
12. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance of the definite ______________________ and
identifiable physical properties.
Answer: Chemical Composition
13. Environment is an integration of several subjects that include both Science and
_______________________________.
Answer: Social studies
14. Natural resources are materials provided by the ____ that humans use for survival and
development.
Answer: Earth
15. Resources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as sunlight and wind, are
known as ____ resources.
Answer: renewable
16. Resources that exist in limited amounts and cannot be replaced quickly, like coal and oil, are
called ____ resources.
Answer: non-renewable
17. ____ is the process
Answer: Conservation
18. Forests, water, and of using natural resources carefully to ensure they are available for
future generations.soil are examples of ____ resources, which are important for sustaining life.
Answer: natural
19. ___________________________ are the most numerous organism in the environment.
Answer: Bacteria
20. _____________________ is reusing some components of the waste that may have some
economic value.
Answer: Recycling
21. Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the
____.
Answer: environment
22. Air pollution is caused by emissions from vehicles, industries, and burning of ____.
Answer: fossil fuels
23. ____ pollution occurs when chemicals and waste materials are dumped into rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Answer: Water
24. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leads to ____ pollution.
Answer: soil
25. Noise pollution, which can harm human health, is caused by loud sounds from ____,
industrial activities, and urban areas.
Answer: traffic
26. Internet is a powerful tool to help increase public awareness about ________________.
Answer: Environmental Issues
27. _____________________ are the destructive forces of nature that have severe impact on
the environment.
Answer: Natural Disasters
28. The Environment Protection Act of ____ is a comprehensive law aimed at preventing,
controlling, and reducing pollution in India.
Answer: 1986
29. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of ____ was enacted to prevent, control,
and abate air pollution in India.
Answer: 1981
30. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of ____ was one of the earliest laws
aimed at managing water pollution in India.
Answer: 1974
31. The Wildlife Protection Act of ____ was passed to protect animal and plant species and their
habitats.
Answer: 1972
32. Under the Indian Constitution, Article ____ states that it is the duty of every citizen to
protect and improve the natural environment.
Answer: 51A
33. Forest Conservation Act launched 1980, which was amended in ______________.
Answer: 1988
34. ________________________________________ are the main sources of Arsenic in Water.
Answer. Floods and Fertilizers.
35. 10. The National Environment Policy of ____ provides a framework for environmental
management and conservation in India.
Answer: 2006