Introduction to OOP I

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 Overview
• Sub divided into two sections:
– Intro to Java: basic Java concepts

– Intro to OOP: Basic OOP concepts

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 Sections
• Intro to Java: basic Java concepts

• Intro to OOP: Basic OOP concepts

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Introduction to Java Programming

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 Objectives
• Describe the basic Java development cycle.

• Use input and output statements.

• List Java primitive types.

• Apply basic concepts of control structures and

functions in Java.

• Write simple java applications.

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Java Development Lifecycle

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Java Development Lifecycle

http://ee402.eeng.dcu.ie/introduction/chapter-5---introduction-to-java

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 IDEs for Java
• Netbeans
– Comes configured with JDK
• Eclipse
– Needs configuration for Java

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How do I start coding in Java?

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 Hello World
public class Welcome

//main method begins execution of Java Application

public static void main(String args[])

System.out.println("Hello World");

} //end of main method

} //end of Class Welcome

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 Application Distribution
• Unlike C/C++, Java applications can be distributed
to users as .java files. C/C++ applications must be
converted into executables for distribution (.exe).

• The user must however install JVM for him/her to

be able to run the Java application.

• JVM installs OS environment variables that

enables Java applications to be executed from
Command Prompt.
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Data Types & Variables

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 Primitive Types
• int

• float

• double

• char

• Other variable types:

– String
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Input & Output

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 Output
System.out.println("Hello World");

System.out.print("Hello World\n");

System.out.printf(“Sum is %d“, sum);

• Java uses escape sequences to format the

output

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 Input
• Most frequently the Scanner class is used to
implement input functions.
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

int number = input.nextInt();

float dec= input.nextFloat();

double num = input.nextDouble();

String str = input.nextLine();

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 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Write a java application that will prompt
the user to enter two numbers. The
program should add the two numbers and
display the result to the user.

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 Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Addition {
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int number1;
int number2;
int sum;

System.out.print("Enter first number: ");

number1 = input.nextInt();

System.out.print("Enter second number: ");

number2 = input.nextInt();

sum = number1 + number2;

System.out.printf("Sum is %d\n", sum);
}
}

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Operators & Control Structures

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 Operators

• Assignment (=)

• Arithmetic (+, -, /, %, *)

• Relational (<, >, >=, <=, !=, ==)

• Logical (&&, ||, !)

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 Control Structures
• Selection control structures
– if-else

• Repetitive control structures

– while

– for-loop

– do-while
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 Write down the
output of this
program

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 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Write a java application that will prompt
the user to enter two integer numbers
– The program should display the largest of
them all

– The program should display the even

numbers between the two numbers

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 Sections
• Intro to Java: basic Java concepts

• Intro to OOP: Basic OOP concepts

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Introduction to Object-oriented
Programming

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 Objectives
• Explain the concept of OOP.

• Briefly explain the basic Object-oriented

concepts:
– Classes & objects

– Attributes & behaviors

– encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism

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 Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUl8lcb
eN2Y

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Classifications and Real-world Objects

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 Real World Objects
• Most human beings think in terms of objects.
We can learn about existing objects by studying
their attributes and observing their behaviors.

• An object can be defined as anything that has

attributes and exhibit certain behaviors (e.g.
people, animals, cars, plants etc.)

• Objects can be classified into categories

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 Real World Relationships
• Different objects can be grouped together
depending on the relationship between/among
them.

• The two main relationships to keep in mind is:

– Is-a: inheritance (car is a vehicle)

– Has-a: composition (car has a steering-wheel)

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 Class Demo
• Using the examples below, model a real-
world classification-object structure by
their attributes, behaviors and relationship:
– Vehicle, FastCar, audi, bugatti, vitz

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 Class Demo
Classification: Vehicle
Attributes: Doors
Wheels

Behaviors: Starts()
Stops() – in 10 seconds

Classification: FastCar inherits Vehicle

Attributes: All attributes of Vehicle
Seats

Behaviors: All behaviors of Vehicle

Accelerates()
Stops() – in 2 seconds
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 Class Demo
Objects of classifications Vehicle and FastCar
Vehicle audi Has: 4 doors, 4 wheels
audi.starts(), audi.stops()

FastCar bugatti Has: 2 doors, 4 Wheels, 2 seats

bugatti.starts(), bugatti.accelerates(),
bugatti.stops()

Vehicle vitz Has: 2 doors, 4 wheels

vitz.starts(), vitz.stops()

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 Class Exercise (5 Minutes)

• What is the difference between structured

languages and object-oriented languages?

• What is the difference between an object

and a classification?

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 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Using the examples below, model a real
world classification-object structure by
their attributes, behaviors and
relationships:
– Animal, Carnivore, cow, lion, pig

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Basic Object-oriented design concepts

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 OOP Definitions
• Object-oriented design models software in terms
similar to those people use to describe real-world
objects.

• Object-oriented programming is the process of

writing programs using a language that enables the
implementation of object oriented design.

• Java is an example of an object-oriented

language.
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 Object-oriented Design
• In order to write programs using an object-oriented language
like Java; one needs to understand the general object-
oriented design concepts.

• There are 6 main object-oriented design concepts:

1. User-defined types (classes)

2. Inheritance

3. Polymorphism

4. Data hiding

5. Encapsulation

6. Abstraction
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 Object-oriented Design - Classes
1. User-defined types: object-oriented design enables a
programmer to define his/her own custom type (class);
and then use it to create any number of objects.
Objects of a certain class, such as a class of vehicles,
have same characteristics (attributes and behavior).

2. Inheritance: this is where a new classes of objects are

derived by absorbing the characteristics of an existing
class and adding unique characteristics of their own.

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 Class Demo
• Create the two classes: Automobile and
Convertible. List down their attributes and
behaviors. {user-defined class & inheritance}
– Automobile: attributes & behaviors

– Convertible: has the characteristics of class

Automobile but more specifically the roof
goes up and down
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 Class Demo
Class Automobile
Attributes: Doors
Wheels

Behaviors: Starts()
Stops()

Class Convertible inherits Automobile

Attributes: All attributes of Automobile
Seats

Behaviors: All behaviors of Automobile

roofMoves(direction) – moves up or down

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 Object-oriented Design - Classes
3. Polymorphism: This is where new classes first inherit
the characteristics of an existing class and then modify
the behavior of the existing class to suite its own
behavior. This is process is known as overriding
behaviors.

4. Data hiding: Classes have the ability to limit the

access of its attributes in other classes using access
modifiers.

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 Class Demo
• From the demo, one can create a class
Nonconvertible that inherits all the attributes and
behaviors of class Convertible.
– Then modify class Nonconvertible so that the roof
stays permanently down. {Polymorphism}

– the access of the attributes of class Automobile be

restricted in classes Convertible, Nonconvertible
using access modifiers. {Data hiding}
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 Class Demo - Polymorphism
Class NonConvertible inherits Convertible
Attributes: All attributes of Convertible

Behaviors: All behaviors of Convertible

roofMoves(direction) – does not move

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 Class Demo- Data Hiding
Class Automobile
Attributes: Doors: private
Wheels: public

Behaviors: Starts(): public

Stops(): private

Class Convertible inherits Automobile

Attributes: All attributes of Automobile. But cannot access Doors

Behaviors: All behaviors of Automobile. Cannot change/access Stops()

roofMoves(direction) – moves up or down

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 Object-oriented Design - Objects
5. OOD encapsulates (wraps) attributes and behaviors
into objects. An object’s attributes and operations are
intimately tied together.

6. Objects have the property of abstraction,

implementation details are hidden within the objects
themselves.

• This means objects may know how to communicate with

one another across interfaces, but they are not allowed
to know how other objects are implemented.
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 Class Demo
• Create at least one object from each of the
three classes: Automobile, Convertible,
Nonconvertible. {Encapsulation & Abstraction}

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 Class Demo
Objects of classes Automobile, Convertible and Nonconvertible
Automobile nissan Has: 4 doors, 4 wheels
nissan.starts(), nissan.stops()

Convertible bmw Has: 2 doors, 4 Wheels, 2 seats

bmw.starts(), bmw.roofMoves(up),
bmw.roofMoves(down), bmw.stops()

Nonconvertible lexus Has: 2 doors, 4 wheels, 7 seats

lexus.starts(), lexus.roofMoves(none),
lexus.stops()

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 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Using the categories listed below and model a
class-object relationship using OOD concepts.
Illustrate inheritance, polymorphism and data
hiding.
– Plant, Flowering, Nonflowering

– sunflower (flowering), moss (nonflowering),

maize (plant)
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 Key Points
• In java attributes and behaviors are defined
inside a class.

• Attributes are implemented as Instance

Variables and behaviors as
methods/functions.

• Objects are used to instantiate a class

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 References

P.J. Deitel and H.M. Deitel (2007), Java How

to Program. 7th Edition. Pearson Education
Inc.

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