Business Statistics (BB33A)

UNIT – I

2 Mark Questions

1. What is Statistics? (or) What do you mean by Statistics?

2. Mention any two limitations of statistics.
3. State the different types of data.
4. Define primary data.
5. What do you understand by secondary data?
6. Distinguish between Primary and Secondary Data.
7. What are the objectives of classification?
8. What is meant by Tabulation? **
9. Define Histogram. ***
10. Define frequency Polygon
11. State any two uses of graphical presentation of data.
12. Define - Lorenz Curve.
13. What is pie-diagram? **
14. What is meant by measure of central tendency?
15. What are the measures of Central Tendency?
16. What is mean? (Or) Define Average.
17. Define Median.
18. Define ‘Mode’ (or) what is mode? ****
19. Write the Empirical relation between mean, median and mode.
20. What is the geometric mean of 3 and 27 ?
21. Define Harmonic Mean. **

5 Mark Questions

1. Explain main the characteristics of Statistics. ***

2. State the important features of statistics.
3. How will you classify data on different criteria?
4. What are the requisites of a good table ? (or) Explain Tabulation of a statistical data.
5. Write the difference between diagram and graphs.
6. What are the uses of statistical diagrams?
7. What are the main rules to be followed for construct a graph?
 8. What are the different types of graphs?
9. Explain the various sources of collecting secondary data.
10. Compute median from the following data :
Mid values : 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195
Frequency : 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3
11. Find the Harmonic mean for the following data: X : 5, 7, 10, 24, 30.
12. Find the Harmonic Mean for the following data:
Value (X) : 10 12 14 16 18 20
Frequency : 5 18 20 10 6 1
13. The median of a distribution is 27.73 and its mode is 27.78. Find out mean of the
same.
14. Calculate A.M, G.M, H.M of the following values : 3, 6, 24, 48.
15. Find the co-efficient of skewness from the following information,
Difference of two quartiles = 8, Mode = 11, Sum of two quartiles = 22, Mean = 8.

10 Mark Questions

1. Explain the importance of statistics.

2. Explain the types of classification.
3. Discuss the different types of diagrams.
4. Compute the Mean, Median and Mode of the following series.
Marks : 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
No.of students : 7 18 34 50 35 20 6
5. From the following data find out Arithmetic Mean and Median.
Height (cms) : 120 122 124 126 128 130
No.of Students : 5 7 9 6 4 10
6. Find mean, median and mode from the following data.
Marks : 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50
7. No. of students : 7 15 24 31 42 30 26 15 10

UNIT – II

2 Mark Questions

1. What are the objectives of the measure of Dispersion? **

2. What is Range? How is it calculated? **
3. Explain Quartile Deviation. (or) What is Quartile deviation? **
 4. Define the term mean deviation (M.D) **
5. What is standard deviation (S.D) **
6. Define Co-efficient of variation (C.V).
7. State the meaning of skewness. (or) What is meant by skewness? ***
8. Define Kurtosis. (or) What is meant by kurtosis?
9. What are the types of Kurtosis?
10. Whatdo you mean by scatter diagram.
11. Define Correlation.*** (or) What do you mean by correlation?**
12. State any two types of correlation. **
13. Define the term Regression
14. What is simple Regression?
15. What are the uses of regression?
16. What are the merits of rank correlation.
17. What is negative correlation?

5 Mark Questions

1. Find the range and co-efficient of Range for the following data:
158, 160, 165, 166, 168, 170, 173
2. Find the range and co-efficient of range for the following data:
C.I : 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency : 8 10 12 8 4
3. Calculate quartile deviation from the following data :
25, 15, 30, 45, 40, 20, 50.
4. Compute mean deviation for given series ·
X : 5 10 15 20 25 30
Y: 3 4 8 12 7 2
5. From the under mentioned details, calculate standard deviation.
Marks : 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of students : 8 12 20 10 7 3
6. Calculate the Standard Deviation for the following data:
Wages (Rs.) : 50 60 70 80 90 100
No.of Workers : 17 22 15 13 27 31
7. Explain Scatter Diagram.
8. Calculate Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of Correlation from the following data:
X : 10 12 18 24 23 27
Y : 13 18 12 25 30 10
9. Calculate Rank correlation co-efficient.
X : 48 33 40 9 16
Y : 13 15 24 6 20
10. Calculate Rank correlation co-efficient.
Judge-A : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Judge-B : 3 4 10 7 8 5 1 2 6 9

10 Mark Questions

1. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data :

C.I : 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40
F: 2 5 7 13 21 16 8 3
2. Find the standard deviation from the following data :
Age : 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
No. of persons : 15 15 23 22 25 10 5 10

3. Compute standard deviation for following data :

X: 0 –10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60-70
Y: 1 4 17 45 26 5 2
4. Calculate Bowleys Co-efficient of skewness:
No.of Children for family : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
No.of familes : 7 10 16 25 18 11 8
5. Calculate co-efficient of correlation:
X : 65 66 67 67 69 70 72
Y : 67 68 65 68 72 69 71
6. Calculate co-efficient of correlation:
X : 22 24 38 35 69 78 46
Y : 66 59 63 68 75 86 68
7. Calculate the value of ‘r’ for following data :
X: 8 10 13 19 21 24
Y: 12 16 11 13 16 28
 Unit-3
Time series
Part-A
1. What is a time series?
2. Define the term time series.
3. What are the uses of time series?
4. State the components of time series.
5. What is meant by time series analysis?
6. Explain about Secular trend.
7. What are the various Method of estimating the trend components?
8. Explain about seasonal variation.
9. Explain the causes and uses of seasonal variation.
10.Define Cyclical variation.
11.Define irregular variation.
12.Explain about free hand graphical method.
13.Write a short note on moving average.
14.Define Weighted moving average
15.Write down the merits and demerits of Least square method

Part-B
1. From the following data, related with average yearly expenditure of selected
families in a village, calculate 7 years moving average
Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
Expenses 97 87 102 115 122 130 142 140 147 153 160
(in hundred)

2. Compute 3 yearly moving averages from the following data:

Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Expenses 55 47 59 151 79 36 45 72 83 89 102
(in
thousands)

3. Calculate the 5 yearly moving average from the following data: Year :
Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Number of 705 685 703 687 705 689 715 685 725 730
students

4. Explain simple averages method for finding seasonal variations.

5. Fit a straight line trend to the following data:

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports(lakhs) 121 134 151 127 172 167 191 212
 6. Fit a trend line for the following data by free hand method
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Sales (in Thousand ) 65 95 85 115 110 120 130

7. Draw a trend line by method of semi average

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Profit (in thousand) 60 77 82 120 116 130

8. Draw a trend line by method of semi average

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Profit (in thousand) 100 110 120 115 130 135 140

9. Calculate the 3-yearly weighted moving average weight are 1,2,3

Year 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
Value 3 5 7 4 2 6 1
10.Explain about the Points to consider before analysing time series

Part-C
1. From the given data compute trend ,Find the short term fluctuations by
moving average method assuming a 4 year and plot the original values and
the trend on a graph
Year 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Sales 75 60 55 60 65 70 70 75 85 100 70 60

2. The following table shows the number of salesmen working for a certain
concern. Fit a straight-line trend.
Year 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Number of 23 38 46 40 56 63 62
salesman

3.For the following series of observation verity that 4-yearly centred moving
average are equal to 5-yearly weighted moving average the weight being 1,2,2,2,1
respectively
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sales 2 4 3 6 7 9 4 6 7 8 10

4.Fit a straight line trend for the following data

Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Production in 44 50 57 65 72 85 94
Thousands

5.Discuss the components of time series analysis.

 6.For the following data, calculate seasonal indices :
years seasons
I II III IV
2009 37 41 33 35
2010 37 39 36 36
2011 40 43 33 31

7.Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares to the following data and
calculate trend values. Also estimate the sales for the year 2020.
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Sales in 12 15 16 18 21 22 24
thousand

8. How do you calculate 4 year moving Average? Give an example.

Unit-IV
Index numbers
Part-A
1. Define index number.
2. What is index number?
3. What are the uses of index number?
4. Write down the types of index number.
5. Explain the methods for constructing index number.
6. Why is Fisher index number called an ideal index number?
7. Write a short note on unweighted index numbers
8. What is base-shifting?
9. What is cost of living index?
10.Explain the methods of construction of consumer price index.
11.What are the uses of cost of living index?
12.Discuss briefly the limitations of index number.
13.What are the characteristic of index number?
Part-B
1. Construct the index numbers for 1992 on the basis of the prices of 1990,
from the following data:
commodities Price in 1990 Price in 1992
1 115 130
2 72 89
3 54 75
4 60 72
5 80 105
2. Calculate Chain base index numbers from the following fixed base index
numbers
Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
FBI 200 240 310 300 350 370 420

3. From the data given below calculate index number by Fisher’s method.

commodity Price Quantity

Base year Current year Base year Current year
A 1 7 2 11
B 2 8 4 12
C 3 9 5 13
D 4 10 6 14

4. Calculate Laspeyres’s and Paasche’s Index number for the following data

commodity Base year Current year

Price quantity Price Quantity
A 12 10 20 12
B 4 20 5 22
C 8 12 12 14
D 20 6 24 5
E 5 4 8 4

5. Calculate Laspeyres’s Index

commodity Price Quantity
2000 2005 2000 2005
X 9 15 5 5
Y 4 12 10 11
Z 1 5 6 6

6. Explain the uses of index numbers.

7. Compute the price index based on simple average of price relatives by using
both Arithmetic mean and geometric mean

Commodities A B C D E F G H
Price in 1986 40 120 140 130 60 70 65 75
Price in1987 60 140 170 135 100 80 75 80

8. From the following information construct the index number for the year 1987
taking 1986 as the base year
 Goods Price in 1986 Price in 1987
Rice 130 115
Wheat 80 65
Sugar 75 70
Ragi 95 90
Oil 105 105
Dal 35 20

Part-C
1.Construct cost of living index number from the following data :
Group A B c D E
Index 400 200 250 100 75
Weight 4 3 1 2 3

2.Construct the cost of living index number from the following :

Group A B c D E
Index 350 200 240 150 250
Weight 5 2 3 1 2

3. Calculate Fisher’s ideal index number and show that it satisfies time reversal
test and factor reversal test from the following data.
commodity Price Quantity
2015 2016 2015 2016
A 10 12 20 30
B 14 17 10 10
C 8 10 16 20
D 6 8 8 10

4.Calculate the cost at living index number from the following data :
Group Index number weight
Food 271 52
Fuel 194 7
Clothing 173 10
Rent 164 9
Miscellaneous 192 22

5. Explain how cost of living index numbers are constructed. What are their uses?

6. Discuss the different methods of constructing index numbers.

7. The following data relate to the price and quantities of six commodities in the
year 1990 and 1991 construct the following indices

i) Laspeyres’s index ii) Paasche’s Index iii) Fisher ideal index iv) Bowley’s
index

Goods 1990 1991

Price (Rs) Quantity Price (Rs) Quantity
A 5 14 3 18
B 8 18 6 25
C 3 25 1 40
D 15 36 12 48
E 9 14 7 18
F 7 13 5 19
8. What are the tests that a good index number has to satisfy? Which index
number satisfies all these set?

Unit-V
Part-A
1. What do you mean by statistical units?
2. Give the meaning of hypothetical population.
3. Write a note on Random sampling.
4. What is meant by ‘Sample survey’?
5. Give the meaning of ANOVA.
6. What is sample?
7. Define simple random sampling.
8. Name the types of hypothesis.
9. What are the advantages of Random sampling?
10.State any two merits of Stratified sampling.
11. Define Standard error.
12.When will you apply sampling?
13.Define Population and sample.
14.Distinguish between parameter and statistic.
15.Distinguish between census and sampling method.

Part-B
1. In a sample of 500 from a town, 280 are tea drinkers and the rest are coffee
drinkers. Can we assume that coffee and tea are equally popular in the town
at 1% level of significance?
2. A sample of 900 items has mean 3.4 and standard deviation 2.61. Can the
sample be regarded as drawn from a population with mean 3.25 at 5% level of
significance? (The table value of Z at % 1 level is 2.58)
3.Describe the characteristics of hypothesis.
4.State the advantages and disadvantages of sampling over complete census.
 5.Explain the methods of selecting a simple random sample.
6. In a certain sample of 2000 families, 1400 people read news paper out of
1800 large families ,1236 read news paper State whether there is any
significant difference between reading of news paper among large and small
families
7. A random sample of 20 tyres from a large consignment gave the average
life of tyres as 36,000km and standard deviation of 4500 km Could the sample
came from the population with a mean life of 40,000km (t value at 5% level
for 19 d.f is 1.73)
8. Discuss sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

Part-C
1.Distinguish between cyclical and seasonal variations.
2. Explain the different types of hypothesis framed in research.
3.Explain about stratified sampling method with an example. Discuss its
merits and demerits.
4.Explain the merits of sampling.
5. Explain the steps involved in test of hypothesis
6. Two random samples drawn from two normal populations are
Sample1 55 54 52 53 56 58 52 50 51 49
Sample 2 108 107 105 105 106 107 104 103 104 101
Test whether the two populations have the same variance at 5% level of
significance.
7. Describe systematic sampling method with an example. Distinguish its
merits and demerits.
8. Differentiate between probability sampling and non-probability sampling
by explaining its types.
8.An intelligence test was conducted to 5 persons before and after they were
trained the result are as follows.
Candidates 1 2 3 4 5
IQ (before training) 120 130 135 142 135
IQ (After training) 130 128 135 146 131
Test whether there is any change in IQ after the training program.