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18 views25 pages

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Uploaded by

14c65
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X

• Sequential games => games in extensive form

•
•
•
•
• 3,000,000 (700), ,6,000,000 (400), 9,000,000 (200)

•
• $333.33

• , 3,000,000 $10

•
• 3 , , $11 ($21 - $10 )

• 6 , , $4 ($24 - $20 )

• ,9 , , $12 ($18 - $30 )


• ?

• 2

• 2 , 3

• $4

• , 3
, $4

• , 2

• $2 , ,
$2

• 2

•
•
•

build don’t

build (-800,-400) (400, 0)

don’t (200, 200) (1100, 0)


•
• (subgame)

• 1, 2A, 2B

• 2A 2B

• 1

A Subgame

Another
Subgame
• 2A don’t , 2B build

• , subgame 2A 2B , don’t, build

• , subgame 1 build

• , (equilibrium, )

• ( ) , (subgame perfect
equilibrium)

• 2A -> don’t, 2B -> build, 1 -> build 1 ,


1

•
•
• , , => ,

• 1 -> , 2 -> =>

•
• (backward induction)
•
•
• 1 2

• ,

• , 2 ,

• , 2

• ( , ) =>
•
•
• (proper subgame)

• (original game)

• (basic subgame)

• 2A, 2B

•
•
• (<=> , complex subgame)

•
• 1

• “ ”

• , , (commitment structure)
The game as
a whole is a
subgame,

but is not
proper.
If a game has
no proper
subgames,

we say it is
basic.
•
•
• ≠

• =>

build don’t

build (-800,-400) (400, 0)

don’t (200, 200) (1100, 0)


•
• , ,

•
•
•
•
• ,

Goldfinch

If Bluebird enters then If Bluebird enters then


accommodate; if Bluebird initiate price war if Bluebird
does not enter, then do does not enter, then do
business as usual. business as usual.

enter 3,5 -5,2


Bluebird
don’t 0,10 0,10
• (3, 5)

• , (3, 5)

• , , ,
• (A) (B)

•
• , ,

• , , ,

• , ,

• , ,

• ,
• ? =>

• ? =>

• ,

•
•
•
• 4

•
• 5 , 20

• , 5 ,

• , 20

• ,

• ,
J R J R 10,10
pa s s pa s s pa s s pa s s
grab

grab

grab

grab
5,0 0,10 15,0 0,20

Figure 9. The Coconutty Game

• ?
•
• ( , )

•
•
• =>

• =>

• ,
=>

• !!
•
•
•
• ,

• , ?

•
• =>

• ,

• , , ,

• ,

• , -> tripwire
• ,

• , ,

• , =>

•
•

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