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    Quantum

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    Quantum

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    quantum

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    Quantum

    Uploaded by

    sigurdskelmosevind

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Class Note 2: Quantum Computing – The Next Technological Frontier

    What is Quantum Computing?


    Quantum computing harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process
    information. Unlike classical computers that use bits as binary 0s and 1s, quantum
    computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states
    simultaneously thanks to superposition and entanglement.

    Key Quantum Principles:


    Superposition: A qubit can represent both 0 and 1 at the same time, exponentially
    increasing computational power.
    Entanglement: Qubits become linked, so the state of one directly affects the state
    of another, regardless of distance.
    Quantum Interference: Combines probabilities of quantum states to amplify correct
    answers and cancel incorrect ones.
    How Quantum Computers Work:
    Quantum computers use specialized hardware like superconducting circuits or trapped
    ions to manipulate qubits. Algorithms are designed to exploit quantum properties
    for solving problems much faster than classical counterparts.

    Applications:
    Cryptography: Quantum computers can break classical encryption but also enable
    unbreakable quantum encryption methods.
    Drug Discovery: Simulating molecular interactions to accelerate drug development.
    Optimization Problems: Enhancing logistics, supply chain, and financial modeling.
    Artificial Intelligence (AI): Improving machine learning algorithms by processing
    massive datasets more efficiently.
    Climate Modeling: Simulating complex systems to predict environmental changes.
    Challenges:
    Fragility of Qubits: Qubits are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances,
    leading to errors (decoherence).
    Scalability: Building stable, large-scale quantum computers remains difficult.
    Cost: Quantum technology is expensive and requires advanced infrastructure.
    Talent Gap: Few experts are trained in the interdisciplinary field of quantum
    computing.
    The Future of Quantum Computing:
    While still in its infancy, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize
    industries, from healthcare to cybersecurity. Major tech companies like IBM,
    Google, and Microsoft are investing heavily in this field. With advancements in
    error correction and scalability, practical quantum applications may emerge in the
    next decade.

    Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift, promising to solve problems


    previously deemed unsolvable. As the technology matures, it could redefine the
    limits of human innovation.

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