CHMA Lab Manual
CHMA Lab Manual
1. Hardware Identification
Features
Front panel
Back panel
Identify the front and rear panel controls and ports on a PC cabinet
PS/2 Port
• Used for old computer keyboard and
mouse.
• Most of the old computers provide two
PS/2 port, each for mouse and keyboard
Serial Port
• Used for external modems and older
computer mouse
• Also called as COM (Communication) /
RS-232 port
• Two versions: 9 pins, 25 pin model
• Data travels at 115 kilobits per second
Parallel Port
• Used for scanners and printers
• Also called as printer port/LPT (Line Print
Terminal) port 25 pin model
• Data travels at 150 kB/s
Ethernet Port
• Connects to a network and high-speed
Internet.
• Connect network cable to a computer.
• Data travels at 10Mbps to 1Gbps per
seconds depending upon the network
bandwidth.
• Also called as network/ LAN/ RJ-45 port.
Audio ports
• A computer's audio ports link the
computer's sound hardware with your
speakers, microphone, headsets or other
audio equipment.
Peripheral cables
Adapters
Installing Manually
• Click the START button and select DEVICES AND PRINTERS.
• Choose to "Use an Existing Port", and leave as default "LPT1: (Printer Port)" If you
already have another printer connected to this PC, you may need to change to USB
• Select "Windows Update" to populate the list of known printers. This may take
several minutes.
Then choose your printer from the list. If multiple drivers are listed for your
printer, select the one that say HP. For instance: HP LaserJet 1020
• Choose a name for your printer. The default name is fine, unless you have multiples
of the same printer.
• If you wish to test your printer to make sure it was installed correctly, select "Print a
test page"
• When you're all done, press "Finish".
• If you don’t see the printer you want, select the printer that I want isn’t listed.
• In the Add printer dialog box, select a shared printer by name, and then enter the
computer or device name of the primary PC and the share name of the printer using
one of these formats: \\computername\printername
• When prompted to install the printer driver, select Next to complete the installation.
• Finally, Printer Icon for the Remoter Printer will appear in Devices List.
Before we begin to unmount the Power supply unit from computer, follow the below
procedure
• Turn off the computer. Disconnect the cables of peripheral devices connected to
your CPU and disconnect the power cord.
• Remove the right/left side cover of the cabinet.
• Transfer the computer to a clear, flat, stable work surface over a non-carpeted floor.
• Wear an anti-static wrist strap to avoid ESD.
• Disconnect the power supply connector of mother board, hard disk drive and other
drives.
• Remove the screws of the SMPS and take it out
Precautions to be taken while mounting and unmounting power supply into/ from the
cabinet
• Wear Anti-static wrist strap attached to a grounded device to avoid damage from
static electricity.
• Discharge static electricity by touching the metal case of a safely grounded object
before working on the SMPS.
• Make sure you connect proper load as per the specifications otherwise it might burn.
• Make sure to tighten the screws and connection.
• Don't keep it in direct sunlight, humid atmosphere for a long duration.
Power-IN
• The power-IN connector as shown in the
figure is the input for MAINS supply.
• A power cable is inserted here, the other
end of which is connected to mains supply.
• The input supply gets converted to DC
supply.
Power-OUT
• The power-OUT connector is connected
directly to the Power-IN connector from
inside the supply unit.
• It supplies the same AC supply that is fed to
power-IN socket.
• The power-OUT connector is used to give
supply to monitors or any display unit.
FAN
• If we look at the back side of Computer-SMPS, we will find a FAN at the right side.
Steps
• Take a multi-meter & set it to 0 to 20 volts DC.
• Open the cover of the cabinet.
• Disconnect the power supply connector of mother board, hard disk drive and other
drive.
• Remove the screws of the SMPS and take it out.
• Take a piece of wire to short the Green and black metal connectors of SMPS.
• Keep multi-meter’s black probe on metal connector of black wire.
• Switch on the power supply of SMPS.
• Keep the red probe on metal connector of the SMPS & note down the reading.
• After noting down reading, switch off the SMPS.
• Mount SMPS into cabinet and also connect the removed cables back.
• Close the cover of the cabinet.
• Switch on the PC and check whether our PC working fine.
Testing of Resistor
Resistor
• It is a Passive component which obstruct the flow of electric current.
• S.I. unit of resistor is ohms (2). It is derived from Greek word.
NOTE: Identify the color coding of the resistor and note down the resistor values and clarify
through the expression manually:
AB*10%ED%
https://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html
• Visit the above official website to download the CPU-Z software and follow the
instructions to install.
• There is a "Bench" tab in CPU-Z that allows us to do a benchmark for your CPU and
then compares to other CPUs.
• There is also a version of CPU-Z for Google's Android. If we want to see hardware
information about our Android smartphone or tablet, download the app from the
Google Play store.
• Cache is a small amount of memory which is a part of the CPU - closer to the CPU
than RAM. It is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that the CPU is likely
to reuse.
• The CPU control unit automatically checks cache for instructions before requesting
data from RAM. This save fetching the instructions and data repeatedly from RAM.
CPU-Z tool:
• There is no separate tab for Cache. The features of cache memory are present in CPU
tab.
• “Cache" options shows L1, L2 and L3 cache of your processor.
1. Install the Diagnostic Card in any available PCI or ISA expansion slot.
2. Power on the machine.
3. Install External Speaker Connection if required
4. Observe POST CODE.
4. Integrated Ports and Peripherals: Typical desktop systems are loaded with onboard
ports and features, and the menus are typical of the BIOS menus used to enable,
disable, and configure storage, audio, network, and USB ports.
5. SATA Configuration: Use the SATA configuration options to enable or disable SATA
and eSATA ports and to configure SATA host adapters.
6. USB Host Adapters and Charging Support: Most systems have separate settings for
the USB (2.0) and USB 3.0 controllers. If we don't enable USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 in your
system BIOS, all your system's USB ports will run at the next lower speed.
7. Audio and Ethernet Ports: Depending upon the system, these and other integrated
ports might be configured using a common menu or on separate menus.
9. Processor and Memory Configuration: To monitor system clock and bus speed
settings, check the processor and memory configuration dialog typically available on
gaming-oriented systems or others designed for overclocking.
11. Security Features: Security features of various types are scattered around the
typical system BIOS/UEFI dialogs. Features and their locations vary by system and
might include: BIOS password, Power-on password, Chassis intrusion, Boot sector
protection, Secure Boot, LoJack for Laptops, TPM (trusted program module)
12. Exiting BIOS and Saving/Discarding Changes: When we exit the BIOS setup
program, we can elect to save configuration changes or discard them. Many systems
with UEFI firmware permit the user to save multiple BIOS configuration settings.
• Switch off the computer and unplug the power cable from CPU.
• Open the computer case and find the CMOS battery on the motherboard. Verify it is
accessible and can be removed.
• Use your fingers/Flat screw driver to grab the edge of the CMOS battery and pull it
up.
• Some motherboards have a clip holding the battery down. If our computer's
motherboard has this clip, we may need to use one hand (or use screw driver) to
move the clip up and the other hand to pull the battery out.
• Replace the new CMOS battery in the same location.
1. Identify RAM chips and HDD/SSD, study their features and note their
technical specifications.
RAM chip
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory
of the CPU for storing data, program, and program
result. It is a read/write memory which stores data
until the machine is working. As soon as the machine is
switched off, data is
erased.
RAM is of two types
1. Static RAM (SRAM)
2. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
• SRAM uses transistors instead of capacitors in a cross-coupled flip-flop configuration
and does not have leakage. It still requires constant power to maintain the state of
charge. SRAMs are designed for processor caching.
• DRAM stores and retains memory data by using capacitors. These capacitors lose
charge over time due to leakage, even if the supply voltage is maintained. DRAMs
are typically used for computer memory modules.
RAM Specifications
Computer memory is a crucial component within computers, largely responsible for
the computer's speed and performance. Random Access Memory (RAM) allows us to open
and use the programs on your computer, including our operating system. There are many
types and sizes available and different systems require different types. Understanding the
technical specifications associated with RAM helps us to determine what type and amount
of memory our computer can use.
Physical Size: RAM modules vary in physical size based on the type of computer they're
used for and the number of pins on the module. Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMMs)
with 168 pins are 5.25 inches long. DIMMs with less pins are typically smaller, with more
pins meaning ins are typically smaller, with more pins meaning a physically larger module.
DIMMs are commonly used in desktop computers, whereas laptops typically use Small
Outline Dual Inline Memory Modules (SODIMMs). SODIMMs use the same technology but
they're physically smaller, allowing them to fit in laptops.
Amount: The amount is another important specification to remember. Our computer can
only hold so much RAM and while going over the specified limit won't harm our computer,
our PC will only use as it was designed to use. Amount is commonly measured in GigaBytes
(GB), though older or low-end computers may measure maximum RAM in MegaBytes (MB).
A GigaByte contains roughly 1,024 MegaBytes, meaning the RAM is much faster. Be sure to
consider how many memory slots our computer has, as well. Some computers have two
slots to install memory, others have four and some have even more.
Speed: Memory speed is frequently denoted by "PC-" followed by a number that denotes
the peak transfer rate and bandwidth of that type of memory. For example, PC-2400's peak
transfer rate is around 2,400 megabytes per second (MB/s). The peak transfer rate basically
denotes the best performance possible for that memory. "PC2" and "PC3" simply refer to
DDR2 and DDR3 memory, respectively.
HDD Specification
Hard drive sizes: Hard drives come in two basic physical sizes: 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch. These
sizes refer to the size of the data platters, not the size of the hard drive mechanism.
Traditionally, 2.5-inch drives are used for laptops while 3.5-inch drives are used for desktop
computers. Some compact desktops also use the smaller drives to enable a smaller form
factor for the computer.
Hard drive capacity: The capacity of a hard drive refers to the amount of data it can hold.
Capacity is measured in GigaBytes (GB) or TeraBytes (TB).
Hard drive rotation speeds: Each hard drive has a speed at which the platter rotates,
measured in RPMs. The faster the drive, the faster the throughput, since the head reads and
writes the bits at a faster rate. 2.5-inch consumer drives typically spin at 4200, 5200, 5400
and 7200 RPMs.
Hard drive interfaces: Hard drives come with one of several different connectors built in. It
will specify which one is built into the drive. The five types are ATA/IDE and SATA for
consumer-level drives, and SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), and Fibre Channel for
enterprise-class drives.
SSD Specifications
The common specifications include
1) Form Factor
2) The Interface
3) Read Speed
4) Write Speed
5) Endurance Rating TBW - Overall Lifespan 6. IOPS
6) Storage Capacity
7) Memory Cell Type - SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC, PLC
1. Form Factors: Newer versions of SSDs are about half the size of a single RAM stick called
M.2 solid state drives. The M.2 drives are bare circuit boards without any enclosure.
Common Form factors include,
• 2.5" SSD Drive
• M.2 Drive
• Portable SSD
2. SSD Interface: M.2 drives use a PCI-E slot on our motherboard for connection and the
typical 2.5" solid state drives use the traditional SATA connection, also used by hard
drives.
• SATA II - Maximum bandwidth of 3Gb/s or 384 MB per second.
• SATA III - Maximum bandwidth of 6Gb/s or 768 MB per second.
• PCI-E Gen 3 (M.2) - Maximum bandwidth of 8GT/s or 8 GB per second.
3. Read Speed - Sequential and Random: A typical 7200 RPM hard drive would have a
sequential read speed rating of 80-160 MB per second. When compared to an SSD, the
Western Digital Blue has a read speed of up to 560 MB per second which is three times
the performance of a traditional hard drive. M.2 drives, its sequential read speed could
vary between 2.4 GB per second up to 3.4 GB per second.
4. Write Speed - Sequential and Random: Write speeds determine the amount of data
that a storage device can take in every second. Traditional hard drives would have a
write speed of 160 MB per second, which is slow, compared to the 530 MB per second
sequential write speed of modern solid-state drives.
6. IOPS: IOPS or Input/Output Operations Per Second determines how fast an SSD can
read and write random packets of data like browser files, cookies, saved game data, and
documents. Western Digital Blue solid-state drive would have 378.90 MB per second
4KB sequential read speed. At 7200 RPM hard drive would have a 120 IOPS rating, which
is less than 1 MB per second.
7. Capacity: The storage capacity. Most SSD manufacturers offer solid-state drives with a
capacity of 80 GB up to 4 TB or even higher. However, SSDs get even more expensive as
you increase its capacity. A 500 GB variant of Western Digital Blue SSD is priced around
$60 while its 4 TB model would cost you over $500 on Amazon. For that price, you can
already build a decent desktop PC.
8. Memory Cell Type - SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC: Solid-state drives use NAND flash memory that
consists of cells that can hold bits of memory. These bits are controlled by an electric
charge that either turns it off or on.
All SSDs use the same NAND flash memory, their performance differs from one model to
another, depending on the type of cell used on the drive and the market that it is supposed
to cater to.
For example, the more expensive enterprise grade SSDs are made of SLC memory which
support higher number of write cycles. As a result, they have less storage space per unit
space and per unit price. Different types of storage cell are:
• Single Level Cell (SLC)
• Multi-Level Cell (MLC/MLC)
• Triple Level Cell (TLC)
• Quad and Penta Level Cell (QLC/PLC)
• 3D NAND Flash
2. Identify SIMM and DIMM memory modules, their number of pins, specs
and type.
DIMM and SIMM are two major types of random-access memory standards for
personal computers. DIMM is an acronym for "dual in-line memory module," while SIMM
stands for "single in-line memory module." The naming of each type of RAM refers to the
specific way in which the memory is packaged.
3. Identify the interface type of a hard drive and connect it to a PC for data
recovery.
Hard drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the
drive to the computer. When we install a storage drive in a computer, the connection
interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard. Some
common drive interfaces are as follows,
• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE): also called Advanced Technology Attachment
(ATA), is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard-disk
drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
• Serial ATA (SATA): Refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A
SATA interface uses a seven-pin connector.
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): is a drive controller interface that can
connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. A SCSI
interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
2. Check for RAM and Motherboard compatibility and install additional RAM
stick
Precautions to be taken before RAM Installation
1. First Check for RAM compatibility by using CPUID CPU-Z tool, like DDR type (DDR1,
DDR2, DDR3, DDR4) and RAM frequency etc...
2. Static electricity can damage the components in our system. To protect our system's
components from static damage during the installation process, touch any of the
unpainted metal surfaces on our computer's frame or wear an ESD wrist strap before
touching or handling internal components. Either method will safely discharge static
electricity that's naturally present in your body.
3. To protect our memory module (RAM), avoid touching the gold pins or components
(chips). It's best to hold the module by the top or side edges.
4. Query the SPD RAM chip to identify all Possible information using CPUID
CPUZ
Serial presence detect (SPD) is information stored on an EEPROM chip when a is
booted. It is located on an SDRAM memory module and communicates to the BIOS the
module size, data width, speed and voltage, which are used to configure the module
memory controller for maximum reliability and performance.
The “SPD" tab of CPUID CPU-Z tool shows details about each RAM slot, such as
manufacturer, module size, part number and timing information, Voltage etc...
1. Once we have our Windows 10 installation media ready, all you need to do is boot from
the disc or USB thumb drive to begin setup.
3. The Windows logo will appear on screen, this might be here for a while, as long as you
see the animating dots, everything should be ok.
4. Select your Language, Time and Keyboard method then click Next.
6. Windows 10 setup will prompt you for a product key during installation a couple times.
If you originally upgraded from Windows 7 or Windows 8/8.1 click the option 'I don't
have a key' and 'Do this later'. If you have a Windows 10 product key, you can proceed
to enter it.
15. Select the unallocated drive listed, click New, click Apply then OK
16. This will split the drive into multiple partitions, select the Primary partition then click
Next.
17. NOTE: The System Reserved partition is where recovery files are kept for diagnostics and
repairing damaged Windows 10 files; or even reinstall Windows 10.
20. Windows is detecting and installing your hardware. After this is complete, Windows will
restart one last time.
21. After this it will ask us to login to Microsoft account if we have otherwise login with local
account and follow the on-screen setup instructions.
3. Upgrade to windows10
1. Once we have downloaded our ISO file, boot to the Windows 10 desktop. We can
double click it to mount it then start the upgrade. If we are installing from a DVD or USB
thumb drive, insert or connect it, then click the on-screen notification. If setup does not
start automatically, click Start > File Explorer > This PC > open the drive containing the
Windows 10 setup files, then double click Setup.exe.
4. We can select download and install any important updates before upgrading. This is
recommended since it can help to ensure a smooth upgrade. If we are not connected to
the Internet, select the Not right now radio box instead. Click Next.
5. Wait while Windows 10 setup checks your system for compatibility issues.
7. Wait while Windows 10 setup does one final check to ensure your system is ready.
8. Windows 10 setup will check if our system has enough disk space.
9. Please note, we have the option of choosing what we would like to keep, which includes
personal files, apps and settings.
10. If we want to perform a new install or just keep your files click Change what to keep.
Once you have chosen the desired options, click Install to begin.
11. This will be our screen for a little while. During the installation, our computer will restart
several times.
12. After the first restart, Windows 10 setup will resume. We will notice the setup
experience has once again been refined from the previous animated circle. This will be
our screen for a while. When complete, Windows 10 setup will restart automatically.
14. Wait while Windows 10 completes application updates and post setup tasks.
15. That's it, the Windows 10 feature update is installed. We can check Windows Update for
latest updates, click Start > Settings > Update & security > Windows Update > Check for
Updates.
3. Another window will appear, that shows the size of the partition, and asks us to enter
the amount of space to shrink in MB. To create a 25GB partition we'll need to enter
25000 then click Shrink. This will modify the partition, allowing us the space we need to
install Windows/other OS.
4. After creating the unallocated space, plug in the bootable USB stick/DVD containing the
new version of Windows or other OS, then reboot the PC.
5. Now setup begins, install Windows/other OS, being sure to select the Custom option.
6. Select the newly created partition or the other hard disk as the destination. Then click
Next to install the operating system.
7. Next follow the on-screen instructions to install the Operating system.
Note: in most cases, recovery partitions can only be installed on your branded computer.
For example, Lenovo One key Recovery only supports Lenovo computer, etc.
If our PC ever experiences a major issue such as hardware failure, we'll be able to use the
recovery drive to reinstall Windows 10. Windows updates to improve security and PC
performance periodically. We'll need a USB drive that's at least 16 gigabytes.
Warning: Use an empty USB drive because this process will erase any data that's already
stored on the drive.
6. Double-click the value you created, and enter a value data of 1, and click "OK"
7. You can now close the Registry Editor. You will have to sign out and sign back in
again before your changes will take effect
4. Now we need to enter the amount we want to shrink the hard disk by in MegaBytes
5. After the Shrink is done, we will then see the region of unallocated space (shaded
black). Remember, this space is not yet usable.
6. Right-click the region of unallocated space and select New Simple Volume.
7. This launches the New Simple Volume Wizard. This guides us through the installation
process.
8. Assign the disk a drive letter. You can choose any drive letter that is not currently in
use.
9. Select a file system (FAT/NTFS) for the disk. The file system is basically the type of
format or foundation the storage device has. If we plan on installing a Windows
operating system to the partition select the NTFS file system.
10. Name the partition in the Volume Label text box. We can choose any name for our
partition.
11. Now click Finish to create the new partition.
3. Now select the location of the file from where the files are missing. If you don't know
the location, just select "I am not sure" and click on Next
4. In the next window click on start button, now the scanning begins
5. After scanning finished, select the documents you need to recover and click on
“Recover” button to recover the deleted files.
The first time when we launch the Task Manager, we'll see a small, simple window. This
window lists the visible applications running on our desktop, excluding background
applications. We can select an application here and click "End Task” to close it. This is useful
if an application isn't responding-in other words, if it's frozen-and we can't close it the usual
way.
With More Details selected, the Task Manager includes the following tabs,
1. Processes: A list of running applications and background processes on our system along
with CPU, memory, disk, network, GPU, and other resource usage information.
2. Performance: Real-time graphs showing total CPU, memory, disk, network, and GPU
resource usage for your system. We'll find many other details here too, from our
computer's IP address to the model names of your computer's CPU and GPU.
3. App History: Information about how much CPU and network resources apps have used
for our current user account.
4. Start up: A list of our start-up programs, which are the applications Windows
automatically starts when we sign into our user account. We can disable start-up
programs from here, although we can also do that from Settings > Apps > Start up.
5. Users: The user accounts currently signed into our PC, how much resources they're
using, and what applications they're running.
6. Details: More detailed information about the processes running on your system. This is
basically the traditional "Processes" tab from the Task Manager on Windows 7.
7. Services: Management of system services. This is the same information we'll find in
services.msc, the Services management console.
Performance Information
The Performance tab shows real-time graphs displaying the usage of system
resources like CPU, memory, disk, network, and GPU. If you have multiple disks, network
devices, or GPUs
2) In the Name: field, enter a name for your task. You may optionally add a description
of the task in the Description: text box below. When this is done, click Next.
3) Select a trigger from the options presented (pictured below) to define when you
want your task to run. When you're ready to continue, click Next. Depending on your
trigger selection, you may be prompted to choose a specific time, day, or event. If so,
make your choice and then click Next.
4) Select the Action you want to perform when the trigger occurs (Start a program,
send an e-mail, or Display a message), then click Next.
5) Depending on the Action you chose in the previous step, fill out the relevant
information, then click Next.
6) Finally, the Finish screen displays your task as you configured it. If you need to make
changes, click the Back button to return to a previous step, make your changes, and
then click Next until you return to the Finish screen.
7) To finish configuring your task, click Finish. The next time your trigger occurs, the
task runs.
You can change the Lock screen app to get useful information
• Similarly we can also customize the themes, the fonts, the Start menu, and even the
Taskbar but you can do so much more with dedicated apps like, RocketDock,
Rainmeter, Launchy, Fences, Tiles2, Myfolder etc...
1. Search for Command Prompt in the Start menu search bar, and then double click to
launch it.
2. You now need to change the working directory to the folder that contains your files.
For ex: if I wanted to encrypt files in the test folder that is located on my desktop, I
would use the command cd Desktop\Test.
3. Now type cipher /e.
4. Your files will now be encrypted, and Windows should show you a confirmation
message to tell you that it completed the task successfully.
Note: If you're using a Windows 10 Home license, you will not be able to encrypt files using
the Command Prompt. The cipher utility is supported on Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise
licenses.
DESKTOP LAPTOP
Connected externally to devices that All-in-one system
help it to function completely
Powered via mains through connected Uses batteries or AC Power that can be
sockets recharged, operates on main power as
well
Size is huge and heavy Small size
There are multiple internal hard disks Internal hard disks are limited
Fixed in one place Portable
External keyboard and mouse are Have internal mouse and keyboard, but
connected is also compatible with external
keyboard and mouse
Processor is more powerful Processor for Gaming Laptops are pretty
powerful, others not so much
Easily removable external components Components of laptop are in-built and so
for desktop cannot be removed as easily
More number of ports for desktops Number of ports are less in laptops
High Storage. Large amounts of data can Low storage. Also, back up is
easily be stored, and more space can be recommended for data on laptops, due
added if required to data loss by theft, destruction of
device and so on
• If you suspect this is the root of your charging issue, try closing some programs.
In extreme cases, you should shutting off your PC to let it cool down. Once it's
back to normal, power on and see if your charger can keep up with the battery at
a usual workload.
• Right-click on each of these and choose Update driver. Chances are that this
won't find any updates, but it's worth a try. You can try updating the drivers
manually, but your computer manufacturer probably doesn't provide a specific
one for the battery.
1. Connect the power cable: if your laptop is running on battery power only,
connecting the AC adapter may solve the problem. Ensure the adapter cord is
correctly plugged in on both ends securely. If the laptop works with the adapter
plugged in, your battery is dead or defective.
2. Check AC adapter and power port for a bent pin: Some laptops have a pin inside the
power port that helps make a solid connection to the AC adapter. If the pin is bent or
broken, the laptop is not receiving any power. To fix the problem, the power port on
the laptop needs to be repaired or replaced.
3. Disconnect from the docking station: If your laptop uses a docking station,
disconnect it and try connecting the power cord directly to the laptop. Then, try
turning on the laptop.
4. Remove and reconnect the battery: The laptop can also be in a power state that
prevents it from booting. Disconnect the power cable and then remove the battery
from the laptop. Leave both disconnected from the laptop for at least a minute.
Then, put the battery back in the laptop, connect the power cable, and try turning on
the laptop.
5. Drain the computer of electricity: a residual electrical charge can keep your laptop
from turning on. You can think of it as an "electricity clog." By performing the
following steps, you effectively drain your laptop of any electricity and start over,
which often results in it powering up.
6. Bad hardware: After going through the suggested troubleshooting steps above, if
your laptop still does not turn on, the problem is likely a hardware failure. The most
likely component to be at fault is the motherboard or processor.
➢ Lockups
Fixes for computer freezing
1) Update your drivers.
2) Adjust power plan settings for your hard disk.
3) Delete the temp files.
4) Repair system files.
5) Adjust your virtual memory.
6) Run Windows Memory Diagnostic.
7) Perform a system restore.
➢ Continuous reboot
How to Fix a Windows PC that Keeps Rebooting?
1) Boot the PC into Safe Mode if Necessary.
2) Disable Automatic Restart.
3) Disable Fast Startup.
4) Uninstall Latest Updates.
5) Uninstall Recently Installed Apps.
6) Unplug Unnecessary Peripherals.
7) Revert Windows to an Earlier System Restore Point.
➢ No Power
How do you troubleshoot a no power issue?
➢ Loud Noises
What might be the cause of loud noises coming from your computer?
• The two biggest culprits for excess noise in computers are fans and the hard disk.
Fans are used to move the heat produced by the processor, motherboard, and
graphics card out of the computer.
• Computers can also make noise if any components have come loose and are
vibrating against the frame of the computer.
How to remove viruses and other malware from your Android device
1. Power off the phone and reboot in safe mode. Press the power button to access
the Power Off options.
2. Uninstall the suspicious app.
3. Look for other apps you think may be infected.
4. Install a robust mobile security app on your phone.