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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
114 views11 pages

Module 1

Uploaded by

Premalata Naidu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

EXPERIMENT NO: Module:1

TITLE: DRAWING BASICS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
  To concentrate on basics of AutoCAD, which is the base for drafting.
 To use the functions and commands of AutoCAD software to create, save, and
 print drawings that make use of multiple lines, geometric shapes, and curves.
 To locate and apply the many features of AutoCAD that automates the
drafting process and facilitate the creation of more accurate drawings in less
 time than traditional drafting methods.
 To locate and apply the features of AutoCAD that provide for the accurate
addition of dimensions, tolerances, and drawing notes and labels using symbols
 and placements recognized by multiple standards organizations.
 To use the functions and commands of AutoCAD software to create isometric
and three dimensional drawings and models.
AIM:
  To study the basics of AutoCAD.
MATERIAL / EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
  Computer with AutoCAD
THEORY
 / HYPOTHESIS:
 AutoCAD (Automated Computer Aided Drafting) is the most widely used computer aided
drawing / drafting package. AutoCAD is a 2 D and 3 D computer aided drafting software
application used in architecture, construction and manufacturing to assist in the preparation
of blueprints and other engineering plans. AutoCAD provides a common look and feel GUI
facilities to the learner to make great use of windows environment. AutoCAD is simple to
learn, use and draw which provides multiple document opening facility so the user can
exchange data between different files and to compare files more easily.

  Start an AutoCAD session by double clicking on an AutoCAD icon.


 AutoCAD opens, loads the menu and AutoCAD editor screen which contains the drawing
 area, command line, standard tool bar, status bar, etc.
 Some of the basic commands used in AutoCAD are as follows.

 DRAWING TOOLS
LINE
 
 Line command is used to draw straight line segment.
 
 Command: LINE or L
 
 Tool Bar: Draw line

 CO ORDINATE SYSTEMS

 Absolute co ordinate system

 In this system, location of a point is described with reference of a previous point and hence
is called relative co ordinate system.

 Relative co ordinate system

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

 In this system, location of a point is described with reference of a previous point and hence
is called relative co ordinate system.

Polar co ordinate system

 In this system, the location of a point is described in terms of the length of a line and
direction with reference to a previous point.

POLY LINE
 Command: PO

 Tool bar: Draw Poly line
CIRCLE
 Circle command is used to draw a circle.

 Command: Circle

 Tool bar: Draw circle
Types can be drawn by using following methods.
 
Center point:


  of circle or diameter, specify or point (P), enter a radius or enter a
Specify the radius
diameter by d
 
 Radius:
 
 Specify the centre of the circle and give the value of radius.
 
 Specify the value of diameter after d
 
Diameter:


  of circle and to give diameter press d . Specify the value of diameter of
Specify the center
given circle.
 
3P (3 points):


This method allows user to pick any three points randomly, then AutoCAD draws a circle
touching all the three points.


Specify the first point of the circle P1
 Specify the second point of the circle P2

Specify the third point of the circle P3


 
TTR (Tangent Tangent_Radius) allows the user to pick two tangent points and a radius.

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

 
 Specify the first tangent of given point(T1)
 
Specify the second tangent of given object(T2)

 
Specify the radius of circle

 
TTT (tangent tangent tangent)

 
Specify the first tangent (T1) second tangent(T2) and third tangent (T3) to draw the circle.

ARC

 Arc command is used to draw an arc. An arc is a portion of a circle. Therefore it is necessary to
specify the centre, radius, start and end point of the arc.
 
 Command: NARC or a
 
Tool bar: draw an arc.

Types of arc
 
 Three point:

Arc passes through given three points. Pick start, second and end point.
 
 Start and direction:

Pick start point, pick end point and pick direction through straight point.
 
Start center end:

 
 Start end radius:
 Pick start point; pick end and type radius of arc or show radius on arc.
 
 Start center angle:

Pick start point, pick center and end point.


 
 Center start end:

Pick center, pick start point and end point.


 
 Start center length of chord

Pick start, pick center and enter length of chord


 
 Center start angle

Pick center, start point, center angle (counter clockwise from start point)
 
 Start end angle

Pick start point, pick end point, specify angle.

DONUT
 
The DONUT command can be used to create a solid filled Circle as well as the standard

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

object that the DONUT command is normally used for. The DONUT command normally is
used to draw a circle with a thick outer edge and open in the middle, hence the command
name DONUT. By changing the inside diameter to 0 (zero) you can make it create a solid
filled circle.

Command: DONUT or do
  
Tool bar: Draw DONUT.
 
Enter inside diameter of DONUT.

 
Enter outside diameter of DONUT.

 
Specify the centre of the DONUT.

ELLIPSE
 
 Command: ELLIPSE or El
  
Tool bar: Draw ellipse
 
Pick the centre point option of ellipse.

 
Pick axis and point.


Specifythe distance to the other axis or rotation, pick a point P or specify a distance using key board and
press .

POLYGON
  
Polygons are multi sided closed figure with equal side lengths.
  
Command: POLYGON or POLY
 
Tool bar: Draw polygon.

 
Inscribed or circumscribed polygons are available in AutoCAD.

 
Specify the number of sides.

 
Specify the centre of polygon or edges.

 
 Enter the option pick I or C from command bar.
 
Pick the value of the radius and specify the radius.

MODIFYING TOOLS

ERASE
 
 Removes objects from a drawing.
 
 Command: E or Erase
 
Tool bar: Erase and select the object to be erased.

MOVE
 
Move helps to displace the objects to the specified distance in specified direction.

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

 
 Command: Move or M
 
Tool bar: Move


Select the required object and then and by selecting the base point, displace the

selected object by scrolling the mouse and place it.


COPY
 
 Copy helps to duplicate or create a copy of a particular object.
 
 Command: CO or copy
 
Tool bar: Copy


Specified object is selected and then press and select the base point and press . If

multiple copies are required and copied objects are placed in the destiny.

MIRROR

Many drawings have identical elements, say for an example, twin house drawings or
 of a drawing and
any mechanical drawings; you create one have or one quarter
complete it simply mirroring what you have drawn already.
 
 Command: MI or mirror
 
 Tool bar: Mirror


Select the object and press , then specify the first point of the mirror line and the 
second point and press Y if the copy is to be displayed and N for mirrored image.

OFFSET
 
 The offset command is used to create any entity parallel to one existing object.
 
 Command: O or offset
 
Tool bar: Offset


Select the object to offset, specify the distance or T to press the distance required for

the user to place the object.

ARRAY
 
 It creates multiple copies of an object in a pattern.
 
 Command: Array
 
 Tool bar: Array
 
Array menu bar will appear and select the type of array required.

POLAR ARRAY
 
It creates an array defined by specifying a centre point or base point of the object
ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

which it replicates the selected object.


RECTANGULAR ARRAY

an array defined by a number of rows or columns of copies of the selected
It creates
object.

ROTATE

  the selected group of objects about specified base point through a
It is used to rotate
given angle.
 
 Command: Rotate or RO
 
 Tool bar: Rotate


Select object to rotate and press . Specify the base point, pick a base point (point
about which object rotates). Specify rotation angle (reference) or simply specify an
angle.

REFERENCE
 
The option is used to align object to another by specifying angle.

SCALE
 
 Enlarges or reduces the selected objects equally in x, y and z directions.
 
 Command: SC or scale
 
 Tool bar: Scale


Select the objected which are to be scaled. Specify the base point on object, specify
the scale factor and then enter the value for scaling.

SCALE FACTOR

Multiplies the dimensions of the selected objects by the specified scale. A scale
 than 1, enlarges the object and scale between 0 and 1, and shrinks
factor is greater
the object.

STRETCH
 
 Moves or stretches the object.
 
 Command: Stretch or S
 
Tool bar: Stretch

Selecting the object by making crowing window and press specify the base point or
pick a point to enlarge the shape and line of the object by pulling or pushing from

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

one side and also to move object from one place to another place.

TRIM

Trim command is used to trim objects. To trim an object, you must specify the
cutting edge,which defines the point at which the AutoCAD cuts the object you
want to trim.
 
 Command: Trim or TR
 
Tool bar: Trim


By giving the trim command and press and select the object which should be

discovered from the drawing.

EXTEND
 
 Extend is used for extension of a line or an arc to the destiny point.
 
 Command: Ex
 
Tool bar: Extender

BREAKING OBJECTS

 specify. To
The break command is used to break the object at the point or points you
break line, choose break from modify tool bar and follow the prompts.
 
 Command: Break
 
Select object: pick object to break.

CHAMFER

 The CHAMFER command creates corners from two non parallel lines. It allows the
user to chamfer poly line, rays etc.
 
Command: Chamfer

FILLET
The fillet command creates rounded corners replacing two lines with arc. It allows the user
to chamfer poly lines, rays etc.
 
Command: Fillet
DIVIDE
 
This divides selected objects into specified number of equal distance by intersecting
marker point on the object.

Command: divide or div
 
Explode

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

 
Entities like rectangular

MEASURE

 Starts at one end of 
the object measure out segments of specified length between
each point or block.
 
 Command: Measure
 
 Tool bar: Draw point measure
 
 Select object to measure: Pick an object
 
Specify length of the segment: enter length of segment

EXPLODE

Entities like rectangle, polygon and poly lines are considered as one entity even
though they are made up  of segments. To connect them into individual segment,
explode command is used.
 
 Command: X
 
 Tool bar: Explode
 
Select object to explode and press

CREATING TEXT OBJECT



The text information is essential to understand any drawing. Text is used for title

box, labeling of parts, to give specification or to make notations in the drawing.
Broadly there are two types of text items used in AutoCAD.
 
 Single line text
 
 Double line text
 
 Command: Text
 
 Tool bar: Single line text
 
 A text style dialogue box will appear as follows.
 
 Select font name, font style and height of text.
 
Also enter width factor and oblique angle. Click on apply and then on exit.

1. WRITING TEXT
 
 Command: Dtext or dt
 
 Tool bar: draw text single line text
 
Dtext / justify / style <start point> pick a point rotation angle <0> Enter angle for

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

text line. Type the text required.

2. JUSTIFY
 
 Specify the start point of text or (justify/style) enter an option


Allign/fit/centre/middle/right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR; Enter any one of
option for text.

3. ALLIGN

 both text height and text orientation by designating the end point of base
Specify
line.

4. FIT

 in the specified area and at an orientation defined with two
Specified text will fit
points and a height.
 
 Specify first end point of the base line: specify a point (1)
 
Specify second end point of the base line: specify a point (2).

5. CENTRE
  
Alligns the text from horizontal centre of base line, which you specify with points.
  
Centre points: pick centre point for text line
  
Rotation angle: specify the angle for text base line.
 
Text: type the text and press

6. MIDDLE
  The selected midpoint is the exact midpoint of the text.

  
Midpoint: pick a point.
  
Rotation angle: specify an angle for line, enter text
  
Right: The picked point will be extreme right end of text extend
  
End point: Pick right end for text
  
Rotation angle: specify an angle
 
Text: type the text required

7. OTHER OPTIONS

Other points are TL,TC,TR the texts are aligned with the top of text box and
 ML,MC,MR are the text which are aligned with a middle  of text box and BL,BC,BR
are the text which are aligned with bottom of text box.
  
Multi line text:
  
Command: mtext
  
Tool bar: Multiline text

 It is a text in which the single style of text colour,its height can be adjusted according to the
requirement. The arrangement will be displayed.
  
Style: Select the style name.
  
Font: Select the font style
  
Height: set the height of letters
 
We can even select the style of letter < bold/italic/underline>. We can select the

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

colour required also.

8. HATCHING:
  Hatches are shaded pattern which generally represents a cross section of component or object.
  Command: H

  
Hatch tab: define the appearance of hatch pattern to be applied.
 
 Type: sets the pattern type. User defined patterns are based on current line type in user drawing.

9. PATTERN:

 patterns. The fix most recently used pre defined patterns
List the available pre defined
appears at the top of list.

10. SWATCH:

 a previous selected pattern, you can click the swatch display the hatch pattern
Displays
box.

11. ANGLE:
 
Specify an angle for the hatch pattern, relative to the x axis of current use.

12. SCALE:

 set layer property
You can add, delete and rename the layers change their properties and
for layout view ports or add layers descriptions and apply changes.

13. SPACING:
 
It specifies spacing of line in a used defined pattern.

14. LAYER:

Layers are used to group information I a drawing, foundation and reinforcement line
type, colour and other standards. Layers are equivalent to overlays used in paper based
drafting. Layer is the primary organizational tool used in drawing. You can turn off the
layers that you don’t need and plot a drawing containing only the required information.
 You can add, delete and rename the layers change their properties  and set layer property
for layout view ports or add layers descriptions and apply changes.

 the layers displayed and can also used to make changes to more than one
Layer filter controls
layer at a time.

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ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

Function key Function defined in AutoCAD


F1 -Online help
F2 -Toggles between command window on and off
F3 -Toggles between OSNAP on and off
F4 -Toggles between Tablet on and off
F5 -Switches among Isoplanes Top, Right and Left
F6 -Toggles betweenco-ordinates on and off
F7 -Toggles between Grid on and off
F8 -Toggles between Ortho on and off
F9 -Toggles between Snap on and off
F10- Toggles between Polar Tracking on and off
F11 -Toggles between Object Snap Tracking on and off
F12 -Dynamic Input on and off
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
  Knowledge about basic commands and its usage of AutoCAD software

APPLICATION AREAS:
  
Drafting
 
Modelling

Department of Civil Engineering Page 11

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