Module 1
Module 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
To concentrate on basics of AutoCAD, which is the base for drafting.
To use the functions and commands of AutoCAD software to create, save, and
print drawings that make use of multiple lines, geometric shapes, and curves.
To locate and apply the many features of AutoCAD that automates the
drafting process and facilitate the creation of more accurate drawings in less
time than traditional drafting methods.
To locate and apply the features of AutoCAD that provide for the accurate
addition of dimensions, tolerances, and drawing notes and labels using symbols
and placements recognized by multiple standards organizations.
To use the functions and commands of AutoCAD software to create isometric
and three dimensional drawings and models.
AIM:
To study the basics of AutoCAD.
MATERIAL / EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
Computer with AutoCAD
THEORY
/ HYPOTHESIS:
AutoCAD (Automated Computer Aided Drafting) is the most widely used computer aided
drawing / drafting package. AutoCAD is a 2 D and 3 D computer aided drafting software
application used in architecture, construction and manufacturing to assist in the preparation
of blueprints and other engineering plans. AutoCAD provides a common look and feel GUI
facilities to the learner to make great use of windows environment. AutoCAD is simple to
learn, use and draw which provides multiple document opening facility so the user can
exchange data between different files and to compare files more easily.
CO ORDINATE SYSTEMS
Absolute co ordinate system
In this system, location of a point is described with reference of a previous point and hence
is called relative co ordinate system.
Relative co ordinate system
In this system, location of a point is described with reference of a previous point and hence
is called relative co ordinate system.
Polar co ordinate system
In this system, the location of a point is described in terms of the length of a line and
direction with reference to a previous point.
POLY LINE
Command: PO
Tool bar: Draw Poly line
CIRCLE
Circle command is used to draw a circle.
Command: Circle
Tool bar: Draw circle
Types can be drawn by using following methods.
Center point:
of circle or diameter, specify or point (P), enter a radius or enter a
Specify the radius
diameter by d
Radius:
Specify the centre of the circle and give the value of radius.
Specify the value of diameter after d
Diameter:
of circle and to give diameter press d . Specify the value of diameter of
Specify the center
given circle.
3P (3 points):
This method allows user to pick any three points randomly, then AutoCAD draws a circle
touching all the three points.
Specify the first point of the circle P1
Specify the second point of the circle P2
Specify the first tangent of given point(T1)
Specify the second tangent of given object(T2)
Specify the radius of circle
TTT (tangent tangent tangent)
Specify the first tangent (T1) second tangent(T2) and third tangent (T3) to draw the circle.
ARC
Arc command is used to draw an arc. An arc is a portion of a circle. Therefore it is necessary to
specify the centre, radius, start and end point of the arc.
Command: NARC or a
Tool bar: draw an arc.
Types of arc
Three point:
Arc passes through given three points. Pick start, second and end point.
Start and direction:
Pick start point, pick end point and pick direction through straight point.
Start center end:
Start end radius:
Pick start point; pick end and type radius of arc or show radius on arc.
Start center angle:
Pick center, start point, center angle (counter clockwise from start point)
Start end angle
DONUT
The DONUT command can be used to create a solid filled Circle as well as the standard
object that the DONUT command is normally used for. The DONUT command normally is
used to draw a circle with a thick outer edge and open in the middle, hence the command
name DONUT. By changing the inside diameter to 0 (zero) you can make it create a solid
filled circle.
Command: DONUT or do
Tool bar: Draw DONUT.
Enter inside diameter of DONUT.
Enter outside diameter of DONUT.
Specify the centre of the DONUT.
ELLIPSE
Command: ELLIPSE or El
Tool bar: Draw ellipse
Pick the centre point option of ellipse.
Pick axis and point.
Specifythe distance to the other axis or rotation, pick a point P or specify a distance using key board and
press .
POLYGON
Polygons are multi sided closed figure with equal side lengths.
Command: POLYGON or POLY
Tool bar: Draw polygon.
Inscribed or circumscribed polygons are available in AutoCAD.
Specify the number of sides.
Specify the centre of polygon or edges.
Enter the option pick I or C from command bar.
Pick the value of the radius and specify the radius.
MODIFYING TOOLS
ERASE
Removes objects from a drawing.
Command: E or Erase
Tool bar: Erase and select the object to be erased.
MOVE
Move helps to displace the objects to the specified distance in specified direction.
Command: Move or M
Tool bar: Move
Select the required object and then and by selecting the base point, displace the
Specified object is selected and then press and select the base point and press . If
multiple copies are required and copied objects are placed in the destiny.
MIRROR
Many drawings have identical elements, say for an example, twin house drawings or
of a drawing and
any mechanical drawings; you create one have or one quarter
complete it simply mirroring what you have drawn already.
Command: MI or mirror
Tool bar: Mirror
Select the object and press , then specify the first point of the mirror line and the
second point and press Y if the copy is to be displayed and N for mirrored image.
OFFSET
The offset command is used to create any entity parallel to one existing object.
Command: O or offset
Tool bar: Offset
Select the object to offset, specify the distance or T to press the distance required for
ARRAY
It creates multiple copies of an object in a pattern.
Command: Array
Tool bar: Array
Array menu bar will appear and select the type of array required.
POLAR ARRAY
It creates an array defined by specifying a centre point or base point of the object
ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MYSORE Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing
ROTATE
the selected group of objects about specified base point through a
It is used to rotate
given angle.
Command: Rotate or RO
Tool bar: Rotate
Select object to rotate and press . Specify the base point, pick a base point (point
about which object rotates). Specify rotation angle (reference) or simply specify an
angle.
REFERENCE
The option is used to align object to another by specifying angle.
SCALE
Enlarges or reduces the selected objects equally in x, y and z directions.
Command: SC or scale
Tool bar: Scale
Select the objected which are to be scaled. Specify the base point on object, specify
the scale factor and then enter the value for scaling.
SCALE FACTOR
Multiplies the dimensions of the selected objects by the specified scale. A scale
than 1, enlarges the object and scale between 0 and 1, and shrinks
factor is greater
the object.
STRETCH
Moves or stretches the object.
Command: Stretch or S
Tool bar: Stretch
Selecting the object by making crowing window and press specify the base point or
pick a point to enlarge the shape and line of the object by pulling or pushing from
one side and also to move object from one place to another place.
TRIM
Trim command is used to trim objects. To trim an object, you must specify the
cutting edge,which defines the point at which the AutoCAD cuts the object you
want to trim.
Command: Trim or TR
Tool bar: Trim
By giving the trim command and press and select the object which should be
EXTEND
Extend is used for extension of a line or an arc to the destiny point.
Command: Ex
Tool bar: Extender
BREAKING OBJECTS
specify. To
The break command is used to break the object at the point or points you
break line, choose break from modify tool bar and follow the prompts.
Command: Break
Select object: pick object to break.
CHAMFER
The CHAMFER command creates corners from two non parallel lines. It allows the
user to chamfer poly line, rays etc.
Command: Chamfer
FILLET
The fillet command creates rounded corners replacing two lines with arc. It allows the user
to chamfer poly lines, rays etc.
Command: Fillet
DIVIDE
This divides selected objects into specified number of equal distance by intersecting
marker point on the object.
Command: divide or div
Explode
Entities like rectangular
MEASURE
Starts at one end of
the object measure out segments of specified length between
each point or block.
Command: Measure
Tool bar: Draw point measure
Select object to measure: Pick an object
Specify length of the segment: enter length of segment
EXPLODE
Entities like rectangle, polygon and poly lines are considered as one entity even
though they are made up of segments. To connect them into individual segment,
explode command is used.
Command: X
Tool bar: Explode
Select object to explode and press
1. WRITING TEXT
Command: Dtext or dt
Tool bar: draw text single line text
Dtext / justify / style <start point> pick a point rotation angle <0> Enter angle for
2. JUSTIFY
Specify the start point of text or (justify/style) enter an option
Allign/fit/centre/middle/right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR; Enter any one of
option for text.
3. ALLIGN
both text height and text orientation by designating the end point of base
Specify
line.
4. FIT
in the specified area and at an orientation defined with two
Specified text will fit
points and a height.
Specify first end point of the base line: specify a point (1)
Specify second end point of the base line: specify a point (2).
5. CENTRE
Alligns the text from horizontal centre of base line, which you specify with points.
Centre points: pick centre point for text line
Rotation angle: specify the angle for text base line.
Text: type the text and press
6. MIDDLE
The selected midpoint is the exact midpoint of the text.
Midpoint: pick a point.
Rotation angle: specify an angle for line, enter text
Right: The picked point will be extreme right end of text extend
End point: Pick right end for text
Rotation angle: specify an angle
Text: type the text required
7. OTHER OPTIONS
Other points are TL,TC,TR the texts are aligned with the top of text box and
ML,MC,MR are the text which are aligned with a middle of text box and BL,BC,BR
are the text which are aligned with bottom of text box.
Multi line text:
Command: mtext
Tool bar: Multiline text
It is a text in which the single style of text colour,its height can be adjusted according to the
requirement. The arrangement will be displayed.
Style: Select the style name.
Font: Select the font style
Height: set the height of letters
We can even select the style of letter < bold/italic/underline>. We can select the
8. HATCHING:
Hatches are shaded pattern which generally represents a cross section of component or object.
Command: H
Hatch tab: define the appearance of hatch pattern to be applied.
Type: sets the pattern type. User defined patterns are based on current line type in user drawing.
9. PATTERN:
patterns. The fix most recently used pre defined patterns
List the available pre defined
appears at the top of list.
10. SWATCH:
a previous selected pattern, you can click the swatch display the hatch pattern
Displays
box.
11. ANGLE:
Specify an angle for the hatch pattern, relative to the x axis of current use.
12. SCALE:
set layer property
You can add, delete and rename the layers change their properties and
for layout view ports or add layers descriptions and apply changes.
13. SPACING:
It specifies spacing of line in a used defined pattern.
14. LAYER:
Layers are used to group information I a drawing, foundation and reinforcement line
type, colour and other standards. Layers are equivalent to overlays used in paper based
drafting. Layer is the primary organizational tool used in drawing. You can turn off the
layers that you don’t need and plot a drawing containing only the required information.
You can add, delete and rename the layers change their properties and set layer property
for layout view ports or add layers descriptions and apply changes.
the layers displayed and can also used to make changes to more than one
Layer filter controls
layer at a time.
APPLICATION AREAS:
Drafting
Modelling