SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATICS AND MEDIA

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION SCIENCE (HONS)

INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
(IM245)

EVALUATION OF INFORMATION SERVICES (IMC651)

GROUP PROJECT:
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

LECTURER:
PROFESOR MADYA TS. DR. MOHD RAZILAN BIN ABDUL KADIR

PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL AMIR BIN ABDUL KADIR (2020495634)
MUHAMMAD NABIL IRFAN BIN MOHD NAJIB (2020819548)
MUHAMMAD SHAZMIN FIZRY BIN KAMA AZURAL (2020679406)

CLASS:
IM2456ST2

SUBMISSION DATE:
WEEK 14
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praise is to Allah, for enabling us to complete this assignment without
many difficulties. We would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to our esteemed
lecturer, Profesor Madya Ts. Dr. Mohd Razilan Bin Abdul Kadir, for his guidance, support, and
expertise throughout the duration of this course. Their knowledge and passion for the subject
matter have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the topic and have inspired us to
explore it further.

We would also like to express our gratitude to our classmates, IM2456ST2 for their
valuable contributions, engaging discussions, and collaborative spirit. The exchange of ideas and
perspectives within the classroom environment has enriched our learning experience and
broadened our horizons.

Lastly, we would like to thank our friends and family members for their unwavering support,
encouragement, and understanding throughout this academic journey. Their presence and belief
in our abilities have provided the motivation and inspiration needed to overcome challenges and
strive for excellence.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………………………………i

1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………2
1.2 Background of the Research……………………………………………………………...3
1.3 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….5
1.4 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………..6
1.5 Research Questions……………………………………………………………………….7
1.6 Significance of Research………………………………………………………………….8
1.7 Research Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………9
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms……………………….………………………………...10
1.9 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………..11
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………………………..12
2.1 Overview of Telecommunication Technology………………………………………….13
2.2 Reference to previous research…………………………………………………………15
2.2.1 Digital Telecommunication Impact on UiTM Student……………………….15
2.2.2 User Perception on Digital Telecommunication…………………………….16
2.2.3 Technical Readiness on Digital Communication……………………………17
2.2.4 How Digital Telecommunication Helps in the Educational Field………….18
2.3 Discussion on the variable……………………………………………………………….18
2.4 Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………..20
2.4.1 Theoretical Framework of Telecommunication Technology……………….20
2.5 Hypotheses……………………………………………………………………………….20
2.6 Summary………………………………………………………………………………….21
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………….22
3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….23
3.2 Research Design…………………………………………………………………………23
3.3 Research Subjects……………………………………………………………………….24
3.3.1 Population……………………………………………………………………...24
3.3.2 Sampling Procedure…………………………………………………………..24
3.4 Research Instrument…………………………………………………………………….25
3.4.1 Validity of the Instrument……………………………………………………..25

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 1.1.1 Reliability of the Instrument…………………………………………………..26
1.1.2 Pilot Study……………………………………………………………………...27
1.2 Research Procedure……………………………………………………………………..28
1.2.1 Data Collection Technique……………………………………………………28
1.2.2 Analyzing Data………………………………………………………………...29
1.3 Summary………………………………………………………………………………….30
2.0 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………31
3.0 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………..33
3.1 Questionnaires……………………………………………………………………………33
3.2 Gantt Chart………………………………………………………………………………..39
3.3 Budget……………………………………………………………………………………..40

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Introduction

Digital telecommunication has become an essential component of our daily lives in our
increasingly linked society. Technology's quick development has completely changed how we
interact with one another across great distances and communicate. The use of digital
technologies including the internet, mobile devices, and computer networks for the transmission,
exchange, and receipt of data and information is referred to as "digital telecommunication."

The ability to instantly and effectively transmit texts, voice conversations, video
conferencing, and multimedia material has revolutionized how people, organizations, and society
interact. It has increased the potential for global connectedness by eradicating distance obstacles
and enabling in-the-moment communication. Online courses, virtual classrooms, and remote
learning are just a few of the innovations brought about by digital communications in education.
It has increased access to education by removing restrictions on time and place and enabling
anyone to learn at any time, from anywhere.

The sector of education has undergone a transformation thanks to the quick development
of digital telecommunications technology. University students in particular have been profoundly
impacted by new technologies, which have changed their educational opportunities, academic
support networks, social connections, and general well-being. The way that students interact with
educational information, communicate with their classmates and instructors, and traverse the
academic environment has changed as a result of the integration of digital telecommunication
tools, online platforms, and virtual collaboration technology.

Digital telecommunication technologies cover a broad range of applications and platforms,

including instant messaging software, video conferencing software, social media platforms, and
online learning management systems. In the context of education, these technologies provide a
wide range of opportunities for communication, teamwork, and information exchange. They allow
students to interact with friends and teachers from across the world, access educational materials,
participate in virtual classrooms, work together on group projects, and access learning tools.

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1.2 Background of the Study

Higher education institutions have seen a substantial transition as a result of digital

communications, which has redefined how universities function and interact with students,
professors, and staff. The multiple implications of digital telecommunication on UiTM Puncak
Perdana are explored in this background study, with a particular emphasis on how it affects
student participation, administrative procedures, teaching and learning, and research
cooperation. For universities to fully utilize the promise of digital technologies and adjust to the
changing higher education landscape, an understanding of these effects is essential.

The way that students study and are taught at universities has been completely
transformed by digital communications. In order to offer courses and enable remote learning,
online learning platforms, video conferencing technologies, and virtual classrooms have become
indispensable. These innovations have increased access to education, allowing institutions to
reach a larger audience and meet the requirements of a variety of students. Digital communication
technologies have also improved student-teacher engagement and cooperation, supporting
active learning, individualized teaching, and real-time feedback.

Through digital connectivity, administrative procedures at UiTM Puncak Perdana have

seen substantial advancements. Administrative chores have been reduced, resulting in less
paperwork and laborious procedures thanks to online registration systems, electronic document
management, and cloud-based platforms. Between instructors, staff, and students,
communication tools like email, instant messaging, and collaboration platforms have made
information exchange more effective. Remote administrative tasks are now possible thanks to
digital communications, providing more flexibility and cost savings.

Research cooperation both inside and outside of institutions has been revolutionized by
digital telecommunication. Through virtual meetings, video conferencing, and collaborative
internet platforms, academics may now work with colleagues from distant universities or even
different countries. This has made it easier to conduct multidisciplinary study, share information,
and establish international research networks. Digital technology has also made it easy to share
and disseminate research findings, encouraging innovation and furthering science.

University support services and student involvement have changed as a result of digital
communications. Online learning management systems give students quick access to readings,

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forums, and virtual libraries, encouraging individual study and participation. Digital communication
technologies make it possible for students and lecturer to communicate quickly, providing
individualized help and feedback. UiTM may also use digital platforms to provide online tutoring,
mentorship, and counseling services, improving the general experience and wellbeing of their
students.

Digital telecommunication has a significant influence on UiTM Puncak Perdana, affecting

many facets of higher education. Universities have increased access to education, increased
administrative effectiveness, promoted research cooperation, and improved student involvement
and support services via the use of digital technology. By embracing digital communication,
universities may better respond to shifting educational environments, meet the requirements of a
wide range of students, and stay at the forefront of knowledge generation and distribution. To
provide equal and safe access to digital technology in the academic setting, colleges must
address issues including the digital divide, data privacy, and cybersecurity.

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1.3 Problem Statement

The landscape of teaching and learning, administrative procedures, research cooperation,

and student participation in UiTM Puncak Perdana have all undergone substantial changes as a
result of the development of digital communications. These transformational results, meanwhile,
have also given birth to a number of difficulties and worries. This problem statement highlights
the need for strategies and solutions to minimize possible downsides and maximize the
advantages of digital technologies in the academic context. It tries to identify and address the
main concerns originating from the influence of digital telecommunication on UiTM.

● Digital Inequality and Divide - The digital divide is one major issue brought on by how
digital telecommunications affects institutions. Disparities between students, instructors,
and staff may arise as a result of unequal access to digital technology and fast internet.
Due to barriers preventing some people or groups from fully engaging in online learning,
research cooperation, and administrative procedures, the digital gap may worsen already
existing disparities in UiTM.
● Pedagogical Flexibility and Learning Quality - The use of efficient online teaching and
learning approaches in UiTM is required by the integration of digital telecommunication
technology. Faculty members may encounter difficulties while modifying their curricula and
teaching methods to maximize digital learning settings. Additional issues include ensuring
the standard of online education, preserving student participation, and encouraging
meaningful interaction in virtual classrooms.
● Data security and privacy - University communications are becoming more dependent on
digital telecommunication, which raises questions about cybersecurity and data privacy.
Strong security measures are required for the collecting, storage, and transfer of private
and sensitive information through digital platforms in order to safeguard student and
faculty data from unauthorized access or breaches.
● Infrastructure and Support for Technology - UiTM Puncak Perdana must have a solid
technological foundation and offer sufficient assistance to enable the seamless integration
of digital telecommunication. The efficient use of digital technology might be hampered by
limited internet bandwidth, old gear, and poor technical assistance. UiTM need to make
investments in modernizing their technology infrastructure, guaranteeing dependable
access to high-speed internet, and providing in-depth technical assistance.

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 ● Skills and Digital Literacy Gap - The effect of digital telecommunications on universities
emphasizes the significance of developing digital literacy and abilities. The skills required
to use digital technologies efficiently, analyze online sources critically, and communicate
digitally must be possessed by both students and teachers. To close the skills gap and
provide people with essential digital capabilities, UiTM must prioritize digital literacy
training programs, provide resources for skill development, and encourage digital
citizenship.

1.4 Research Objective

The objective of this research proposal is to examine and analyze the effects of digital
communications on UiTM Puncak Perdana students. This study intends to get a thorough
knowledge of the impacts of digital telecommunication on UiTM students by examining how they
affect student’s learning experiences, academic performance, social connections, and general
well-being. The objective of the research is to:

● To examine user perception on digital communication technology

● To measure digital communication technology readiness.
● To analyze how digital telecommunication helps in the educational field.

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1.5 Research Question

This research question aims to examine how UiTM Puncak Perdana students perceive
digital communication technologies and their willingness to accept and use them in educational
settings. It includes the following attributes:

RQ1 What do UiTM Puncak Perdana students think about the use of digital
communication technology in the educational field? This entails looking at their
attitudes, beliefs, perceptions of the advantages of using digital communication
technology in educational contexts, and worries.

RQ2 How prepared are UiTM Puncak Perdana students to use and adapt digital
telecommunication technologies? This entails assessing how prepared they are in
terms of technological proficiency, self-assurance, motivation, and desire to use
digital telecommunication technologies for academic objectives.

RQ3 How does digital telecommunication help in the educational field according to UiTM
Puncak Perdana students perspectives? This involves assessing how digital
telecommunication technologies are considered to affect many elements of the
educational process, such as learning outcomes, academic assistance,
interpersonal relationships, and general engagement.

By answering these research questions, the research proposal hopes to learn more about
how UiTM Puncak Perdana students view digital telecommunication technologies, how ready they
are to embrace and use them, and what advantages they believe they have for education. The
research will help in understanding the elements that affect students' adoption of digital
telecommunication technologies and will help guide efforts to increase their use and efficiency in
educational settings.

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1.6 The Significance of the Research

Understanding and using the transformational power of digital technology in UiTM Puncak
Perdana requires extensive research on the effects of digital telecommunication on university
students. The importance of such research is examined in this research proposal, with a focus on
its consequences for learning outcomes, academic assistance, student well-being, equality, and
institutional decision-making. We may use these areas to explore the possibilities of digital
telecommunication to improve learning settings for university students and to support inclusive
and successful learning environments.

The development of instructional strategies and the improvement of learning outcomes

are facilitated by research on the effects of digital telecommunication on UiTM Puncak Perdana
students. Researchers can develop efficient methods for utilizing digital technology to promote
engagement, cooperation, and personalized learning by looking at how digital communication
tools affect student learning experiences. This information may be used to build creative teaching
strategies and include internet resources, thereby enhancing student academic success and the
entire educational experience.

Understanding the impact of digital telecommunication on UiTM Puncak Perdana students

provides valuable insights into enhancing academic support and student engagement.
Researchers can develop efficient methods for utilizing digital technology to promote
engagement, cooperation, and personalized learning by looking at how digital communication
tools affect student learning experiences. This information may be used to build creative teaching
strategies and include internet resources, thereby enhancing student academic success and the
entire educational experience.

This research on how digital telecommunication affects UiTM Puncak Perdana students
helps to advance student well-being. Researchers may guide the creation of programs that
address possible hazards and encourage good technological habits by researching the
connections between the use of digital technology, mental health, and work-life balance. This
research proposal contributes to the understanding of digital well-being, informs the development
of digital literacy programs, and equips students with the knowledge they need to strike a good
balance between their digital lives and general well-being.

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1.7 Definition of Terms

Telecommunication – The act of sending data across long distances using telecommunications
equipment like cable or satellite. Telecommunication includes all forms of voice, data, and video
transmission and entails the exchange of information over considerable distances through
technological methods. A crucial component of telecommunications, digital communication has
had a profound effect on society.

Telecommunication network - a group of communication channels, transmitters, and receivers

that exchange messages. Internet, business, and academic wide area networks (WANs), phone
networks, and cellular networks are examples of telecommunications networks that can be wired
or wireless.

Digital communication – the actual transmission of information and data through a reliable
communication connection. Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication can be used for
this discrete message exchange of information. Traditionally, analog signals have been utilized
to create a link and initiate communication across great distances, but this has caused the signals
to suffer from several losses, such as distortion, interference, and even security breaches.

Academic Support - The resources, services, and help offered to university students in order to
improve their learning opportunities and academic achievement are referred to as academic
support. Access to educational materials, online learning environments, virtual tutoring, academic
counseling, group learning opportunities, and other sorts of assistance that help students in their
academic endeavors are included in this.

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1.8 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research on the impacts of digital telecommunication on UiTM Puncak
Perdana students includes a thorough analysis of how these technologies affect numerous facets
of the student experience. It entails looking at how digital telecommunication affects university
students' learning results, academic assistance, social interactions, and general well-being.
Digital technologies of all kinds, such as social media, virtual collaboration tools, and
communication programs, will be examined in the study in order to determine how they affect
students' educational experiences at universities.

First of all, the generalizability of this study's findings to other colleges or student
demographics could be constrained. The effects of digital telecommunication may vary depending
on the location and may be influenced by elements including cultural context, institutional
resources, and student demographics. Researchers should recognize the potential limits in
generalizing the findings to other institutions or student groups and be aware of the unique setting
of their study.

Secondly, the research may use self-reporting techniques, which might include biases and
mistakes. The influence of digital telecommunication technologies may be seen and experienced
by students in different ways, and the complexity of their experiences may not be fully captured
by the self-reported statistics they provide. To reduce potential biases, researchers should think
about triangulating data from several sources and using qualitative research techniques.

Then, the accessibility to gadgets, the dependability of internet connectivity, and the
caliber of technological infrastructure may all have an impact on how digital telecommunications
technologies are perceived. The degree to which students may fully interact with digital
communication tools and affect the results of the research may be constrained by differences in
technical resources between institutions or locations.

Despite these drawbacks, the research intends to advance knowledge of effective

techniques and policies that support pleasant student experiences in the digital era and offer
insightful information on how digital telecommunication affects UiTM Puncak Perdana students.

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1.9 Summary

The purpose of the research is to comprehend how digital communication technologies

affect students at UiTM Puncak Perdana in terms of their learning results, academic support
networks, social interactions, and general wellbeing. The research's historical setting provides
perspective for the expanding influence of digital communications in education. It emphasizes
how important digital communication technologies are to transforming society and how they have
shaped the educational landscape.

The list of issues outlines the difficulties and limitations in the present knowledge of how
digital communications affect university students. It highlights the necessity to look into how
students perceive, use, and behave around digital communication technology. The particular aims
of the study are outlined in its objectives, which also include evaluating user perception, gauging
technological preparedness, examining the advantages of digital telecommunication in the sphere
of education, and offering suggestions for boosting adoption.

The study's precise objectives are covered in depth by the research questions.
Understanding university students' attitudes, beliefs, and concerns about digital communication
technologies, determining their readiness to adopt and use these technologies, and determining
how these technologies help advance education are the main focuses of these questions.

The relevance of the study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend how digital
telecommunications affect university students. The potential advantages are emphasized,
including better learning opportunities, better academic assistance, and stronger social ties. The
study also discusses the drawbacks and difficulties of digital communication, such as privacy
issues, diversions, and possible access disparities.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

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2.1 Overview of Telecommunication Technology

Clark Maxwell (2020) discovered electromagnetic waves in the 1860s and proposed that
they could travel at speeds near to that of light. Shortly thereafter, Heinrich Hertz developed a
method for producing and detecting electromagnetic waves, which he subsequently termed
'Radio Waves.' After the discovery of such waves, brilliant minds at the time contemplated using
them as information carriers. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the United States and Europe
were the first to implement 1G, also known as the First Generation of telecommunications
technology, in communication devices. When Radiolinja introduced the world to cellular
technology for the first time in 1991, a paradigm shift occurred. This technology addressed the
deficiencies of the previous generation by transmitting signals digitally so that noise was not an
issue and by encrypting data digitally so that only the intended receiver could receive and access
it. This was quickly followed by the slightly improved 2.5G and 2.75G versions of the same
technology. Also introduced at this time were GPRS and EDGE technologies, mobile internet
systems with theoretical bandwidths of 50 kilobits per second and 1 megabit per second,
respectively. The development of online-based communication technologies (ICT) has altered the
academic environment and contributed to the digital transformation of institutions of higher
education. In the realm of higher education, they have proven particularly useful for enhancing
communication between students and instructors. Despite the fact that this type of communication
has historically occurred primarily in the classroom, it is evident that it is no longer restricted to
such a setting and can now occur almost anywhere and at any time, requiring students and
teachers to embrace the resurgence of the use of CT in modern society.Universities and other
institutions of a similar nature are expected to develop and implement technological
communication infrastructures that provide them with suitable channels for communicating with
their audiences. In addition, these communication technologies should provide students and
instructors with the tools they need to facilitate interaction in order to accomplish the mission of
teaching and learning. The development of digital communication in the educational process is
contingent upon the modification of educational objectives and methods in the information society.
It is important to note that continuing education affects not only the youth of today, but also the
elderly, who will be affected by new technologies in the near future. To maintain their
competitiveness in the digital world of education, universities must implement continuing
education for teachers, for instance (Baibarin, Mashkin, & Shelengovskiy, 2016; Chernyavskaya,
2011; Cherdymova et al., 2018; Fedyunin & Goncharova, 2012; Kargapoltseva et al., 2019;
Lugovskaya, 2016 a, 2016). According to some scientists, the basis of professional and personal

13
development of a specialist is independence, which includes the following components: self-
awareness as awareness of their capacities, abilities, and aspirations to raise their social status;
self-esteem as a positive or negative attitude towards their personal qualities; self-organization
as an independent organization of the learning process, monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment
of operations; and self-governance.

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2.2. Reference To Previous Research

We looked at a number of research on the impact of digital communications. The

introduction of a few models is followed by a discussion of how users perceive the effects
of digital telecommunications on university or college students. The approach used to
assess the technical readiness of digital telecommunications is also included in the
evaluation. How digital telecommunication helps the students in the educational field is
also being examined.

2.2.1 Digital Telecommunication Impact on UiTM Students

This demonstrates that digital communication has become an essential

component of the lives of today's students, which has resulted in a shift in the ways
in which these individuals connect with one another and access information
(Agelyia a/p Murugan, 2019). Access to education has been made easier as a
result of advancements in digital communication, which have made it feasible for
students to attend classes and institutions without having to leave their homes.
This has allowed students to save money that they would have otherwise used to
pay for hostel rooms, travel, and other fees.(Agnes Liau Wei Lin ,2019) . Because
of this, education at UiTM has become more accessible and less expensive for
students.A research that was carried out at the Kelantan Branch of the Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UiTM) discovered that pupils lacked the necessary digital
abilities. This underscores the necessity for UiTM to offer students with the
requisite digital skills to give them with the ability to properly explore and use digital
technology.

Learning that is both interactive and collaborative Digital communication

has the potential to be a facilitator of learning experiences that are both interactive
and collaborative, enabling students to communicate and learn with students in
other classes or with online mentors.(Proffit,2019)This may help them improve
their communication, social skills, and ability to work together.Teaching and
learning may be improved via the use of digital communication by giving students
access to material that would be difficult to obtain in any other way, increasing their
awareness of the world, and strengthening their inquiry-based and analytical
abilities.

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2.2.2 User Perception on Digital Telecommunication

Based on some observations on how students perceive digital

communications based on search results. Research revealed that students in
mixed learning contexts often utilize digital devices and experience the associated
digital disruptions(Pattermann et al., 2022). An essential component of
technology usage among students is digital citizenship, which is the practice of
acting appropriately online. University students typically have good impressions of
the employment of digital technology in their official education, according to
research done in a developing nation. According to (Profit, 2019) a different
survey, communication and digital presentations were the two most common uses
of technology in classrooms in higher education. When students from two nations
were compared, it was discovered that the use of technology and how beneficial it
was were very different. Most students said they felt ready to connect with their
online course teacher using mediated channels when asked about their
communication readiness. Although there are certain problems, such as digital
disruptions and the requirement for good digital citizenship practices, it seems that
students usually have favorable opinions of the use of digital technology in their
learning. Another crucial component of student technology usage is
communication.

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2.2.3 Technical Readiness of Digital Telecommunication

To ascertain if pupils were technologically capable of utilizing mobile

phones in the English language classroom, a research was carried out in Malaysia.
Using the Digital Competence Framework to gauge students' digital proficiency,
the research found that the majority of pupils had a moderate degree of digital
proficiency.

Indicators of student preparedness for digital learning, such as the

availability of technology tools like notebooks, were the subject of a research on
the impact of digital readiness on higher education students' socio-emotional views
in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research showed that students'
socioemotional judgements of digital learning were more favorable when they had
greater access to technical resources.

According to a research on Generation Z students' aptitude for online

learning and digital literacy, the larger possibilities for online learning are
influenced by how advanced information and communication technology (ICT) is.
The research also discovered that students' preparedness for online learning is
significantly influenced by their level of digital literacy. Students access information
and data via a variety of digital media, including TV, social media, and the internet,
according to a research on information and communication technology (ICT)
preparedness and its integration to teaching and learning processes among private
high schools. The research also discovered that a key element in integrating ICT
into the teaching and learning process is students' preparedness for it.Estimated
for 2021

Digital presentations were determined to be the most prevalent use of

digital technology in higher education courses, according to a survey on students'
perceptions of its use. Another significant use of digital technology was in
communication.2019 (Profit)According to research on self-directed learning and
technology ready in blended learning environments, the teaching presence is more
strongly influenced by students' technology readiness in mixed learning
environments than in non-blended environments. The research also discovered

17
 that a key component of self-directed learning is students' technological
preparedness. 2019 (Geng et al.)

2.2.4 How Digital Telecommunication Helps in The Educational Field

Interactive and collaborative learning may be facilitated via digital

communication, giving students the opportunity to converse and learn with peers
in other classes or online mentors. Their social, cooperative, and communication
abilities may all be improved as a result.Interactive and collaborative learning may
be facilitated via digital communication, giving students the opportunity to converse
and learn with peers in other classes or online mentors. This might improve their
social, collaboration, and communication abilities. Transparent progress
monitoring: Digital communication may provide transparent progress monitoring,
enabling students to monitor their progress and get instructor comments. Students
may use this to pinpoint their areas of weakness and make the required
corrections. Students may be better prepared for the digital world by learning the
skills they need to properly utilize and navigate digital technology via digital
communication. This may increase students' ability to compete in the employment
market.

2.3 Discussion on the Variable

The way in which a situation may be explained and given information is determined
by the connections that exist between its variables. The factors that will be utilized in the
research to describe the influence that digital telephony has had on UiTM students are
included in this section. Taking into consideration the research published in (Profit, 2019),
(Pattermann et al., 2022), and (Agelyia a/p Murugan, 2019). When attempting to
characterize the information-seeking behavior of our focus group, which consists of
undergraduate students at UiTM Puncak Perdana, we use the concepts of user
perception, technological readiness, and how digital telecommunication might assist in the
area of education.

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 The term "user perception" describes how people see or understand a certain
product, service, piece of technology, or experience. It includes the user's subjective
thoughts, assumptions, attitudes, and emotions derived from their unique encounters and
experiences with a particular thing.Individual requirements, cultural background, prior
experiences, personal preferences, and expectations all have an impact on user
perception. It may influence users' attitudes and actions towards a certain product or
service, affecting whether they find it practical, entertaining, and satisfying or not.

In today's quick-changing digital environment, technology readiness is essential. It

includes both the capacity to comprehend and use new technology as well as the desire
to do so enthusiastically. Employers must make sure that their staff members have the
abilities to use these products efficiently and are willing to change workflows and
procedures as required. Similar to this, people need to be open to integrating technology
into their everyday lives, whether it means accepting smart home technologies for more
convenience or utilizing cellphones for communication. By evaluating technological
readiness, we may spot any gaps or obstructions that can prevent effective adoption and
integration. This assessment enables us to create support systems, build training
programmes that are specifically aimed towards the needs of the workforce, and promote
an innovative culture that encourages lifelong learning. In the end, technology readiness
acts as a catalyst for development, allowing people and organizations to remain ahead in
a world that is becoming more and more digital ( Adnan M, (Al-Moghrabi,2018).

Digital telecommunication is a vital aspect of the educational field, offering

numerous benefits and opportunities for students, teachers, and institutions. It enables
students to access vast amounts of information and resources from anywhere, promoting
independent learning and broadening their horizons.(Dr. Perry Drake,2018) It also
facilitates effective communication between teachers and students, allowing for clear
assignments, timely feedback, and virtual classrooms. Additionally, digital
telecommunication allows educational institutions to offer remote learning opportunities,
making education accessible to all, regardless of geographical constraints. Furthermore,
digital telecommunication enables collaborative learning, making education more
accessible and accessible to all.

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2.4 Theoretical Framework

2.4.1 Theoretical Framework of Telecommunication Technology

Cynthia Grant (2014) said that the theoretical framework serves as the
foundation for the dissertation study. It provides a framework for articulating your
philosophical, epistemological, methodological, and analytical approaches to the
dissertation as well as a foundation for creating and supporting your research. To
help the reader understand the significance of ICT for organization and
management to society, the theoretical framework will be presented as follows in
this part.

2.4 Hypotheses

H1. There is a relationship between user perception and Impact of Telecommunication

H2. There is a relationship between technology readiness and Impact of Telecommunication

H3. There is a relationship between how digital telecommunication helps in educational field and
Impact of Telecommunication

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2.5 Summary

In conclusion, there has been a significant influence on student learning via digital
communications. Digital telephony is a critical component of education and offers several
advantages to institutions, professors, and students. It makes knowledge and resources
accessible remotely, encouraging individual study and expanding perspectives. It is also
feasible to have virtual classrooms, clear assignments, prompt feedback, and effective
teacher-student contact. Additionally, remote learning is made possible by digital
connectivity, allowing everyone to access education regardless of location. Collaborative
learning improves accessibility and accessibility in the classroom even more. According
to the literature, research has shown that both teachers and students are eager to use
technology more in the classroom (Brooks, 2016; Chen, 2012; Greener & Wakefield, 2015;
Jones & Shao, 2011; Rossing et al., 2012); however, frustration is a major reason why
teachers stop using technology (Hudson et al., 2015; Porter & Graham, 2016), which
results in less technology use in the classroom. The SPU students want increased access
to the programmes, simulations, lecture capture software, and search tools that may all
help students become more involved in the learning process. Helping 130 of their
professors locate and use these materials will enable the incorporation of 21st century
abilities into the classroom, which would be advantageous for SPU.

21
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

22
3.1 Introduction

The technique and process employed are explained in this chapter. Each element will be
addressed in detail. The techniques used in this chapter have eight components, the first of which
is research design. Study instruments are the second component. The study's instruments consist
of a pilot test, validity, and reliability. The following research areas are population and sampling
methodology. Finally, the research process, which includes data gathering methods and data
analysis.

3.2 Research Design

Research design is known as the conceptual framework under which research is carried
out (Dr Inaam Akhtar, 2016). The purpose of research design is to plan and organize a research
study in a way that ensures that the results are valid and reliable. A well-designed research study
will help to answer the research question in a way that is accurate and unbiased. Research design
is essential because it enables the seamless operation of the many research techniques such as
collecting, analyzing, comprehending and presenting the data, making research as professional
as possible and producing the most information with the least amount of work, time, and money
spent. Quantitative research will be used in this research in which the result will be disclosed in
statistical evidence. Quantitative research is the process of gathering and analyzing numerical
data. It might be used to identify trends and averages, formulate hypotheses, examine causality,
and extrapolate findings to larger populations (Bhandari, 2020). Quantitative methods place an
emphasis on precise measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of
data gathered through polls, questionnaires, and other types of research, as well as the
manipulation of statistical data that has already been obtained using computing methods. The
benefits of using quantitative methods is the result is easy to achieve and measure by the
researcher.

This study was conducted by using descriptive measures to determine the impact of digital
communication among students in UiTM Puncak Perdana Cawangan Selangor. The goal of
descriptive research is to precisely and methodically characterize a population, circumstance, or
phenomena. It can respond to inquiries about what, where, when, and how, but not why. A
descriptive research approach may investigate one or more variables using a wide range of
research techniques. Contrary to experimental research, the researcher simply observes and
measures the variables in this sort of research (McCombes, 2019).

23
3.3 Research Subject

3.3.1 Population

A population is the entire set of people in a group, whether that group is a country
or a collection of people who have certain characteristics (Momoh, 2021). Not all
populations are composed of individuals. It can refer to a collection of anything that the
researcher desires to examine, including individuals, places, things, groups, nations,
species, and creatures (Bhandari, 2020). This research’s population consists of students
who study in UiTM Kampus Puncak Perdana Cawangan Selangor. This research focuses
on students who are currently enrolled in a Bachelor's Degree program from the School
of Information Science College of Computing, Informatics and Media. However, the school
of information science only consists of four programs which are IM244 (Library
Management), IM245 (Information System Management), IM246 (Records Management),
and IM249 (Information Content Management). There are roughly 3500 students but only
30-40 respondents will be taken.

3.3.2 Sampling Procedure

According to (Turner, 2020), Sampling is the process of choosing a portion of the

target population for a research project. A smaller group is used for data collecting in the
great majority of research projects since it is impossible to recruit the involvement of the
full population of interest. It's crucial to select the appropriate sampling technique for the
specific research issue since it can make or break the validity of the researcher's findings
(Fleetwood, 2018). When choosing a sampling method, the researcher needs to consider
multiple factors such as the size of the population, the resources available, and the level
of accuracy desired by the researcher.

Probability sampling is a sampling technique that entails picking a sample, or a

section of the population, at random. It is also known as random sampling. Any population
element that has a known non-zero probability of selection is included in a probability
sample (Nayeem Showkat & Parveen, 2017). This sampling technique calculates the
likelihood that our sample is representative of the population. This is in contrast to non-
probability sampling, where some members of the population have a higher chance of
being selected than others. The capacity to draw conclusions about the population as a
whole from the sample makes probability sampling a popular method in research. This is

24
 due to the fact that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen
for the sample, which increases its likelihood that it will accurately reflect the population.

The procedure that we chose to use from probability sampling is the cluster
sampling which involves the researcher to divide the population into smaller groups, but
each group needs to have a similar characteristics to the whole sample. Clusters are
discovered and included in a sample based on factors like age, gender, locations and
other demographics (Fleetwood, 2018). In order to cluster the sample, we need to define
the population first and divide the population into clusters. The next step is we randomly
select clusters and use them as our samples. By doing this, we will be able to collect data
from the sample and increase the validity of the result.

3.4 Research Instrument

A research instrument is a tool used to gather, measure, and analyze data related to the
researcher’s interests. In order to evaluate patients, clients, students, instructors, and employees,
these instruments are used most frequently in the social sciences, health sciences, and
education. A research tool may be an interview guide, a test, a survey, or a checklist. According
to (StudySmarter, 2014), selecting the appropriate research tool is crucial since it may speed up
data collecting and produce more reliable findings for the intended research. The survey research
method was utilized in order to collect quantitative data for this research. The reason why we
chose it is because the population characteristics and the resource availability makes it suitable
for our research. Not only that, there will be less chance of bias with the help of logic questions.

A set of questionnaires will be given to collect the data from the cluster sample. According
to (Bhat, 2018), a questionnaire is a form of research tool used to gather data from respondents
and consists of a series of questions or other prompts. In this study, a self-administered
questionnaire will be employed. It will be designed as a Likert Scale.

3.4.1 Validity Of The Instrument

According to (Mohajan, 2017), validity is the amount to which an instrument

measures what it claims to measure. The degree of objectivity in the outcomes is what
matters. Consequently, a research instrument which is a questionnaire is needed to
accurately quantify the study's concepts. The extent to which the rules of the scientific

25
research method were adhered to while coming up with research findings is the measure
of a research's validity (Oliver, 2010). There are different types of validity which are face
validity, content validity, criterion validity and construct validity. Face validity examines
how suitable a test's material appears to be at first glance. Although it is comparable to
content validity, face validity is a less formal and objective evaluation. On the other hand,
content validity refers to the extent to which the instrument covers the content of the
construct that it is supposed to measure. Criterion validity measures how effectively it can
forecast a certain result or how closely its results resemble those of other tests (Middleton,
2019). Lastly, construct validity. Construct validity is assessed to see whether it accurately
captures the phenomenon under research. It is essential to proving a method's general
validity.

We are conducting a survey to analyze user perception on digital communication

technology and to analyze how digital telecommunication helps in the educational field.
The only type of validity that is suitable to our research is content validity and construct
validity. We have decided to choose construct validity because our questions are not just
measuring people's opinions about digital communication technology, but they are also
measuring how people actually use digital communication technology.

3.4.2 Reliability Of The Instrument

According to (Middleton, 2019), concepts like validity and reliability are used to
assess the quality of research. They demonstrate how effectively a methodology, method,
or test measures something. Validity is concerned with a measure's accuracy, whereas
reliability is concerned with its consistency. There are different types of reliability which is
test-retest reliability. This type of reliability assesses the consistency of outcomes when
the same test is performed on the same sample at various times. The next one is inter-
rater reliability, measures the consistency of ratings made by different people. Two or
more persons assess the identical set of observations, and the ratings are then verified.
Not only that, Parallel forms reliability assesses the consistency between two identical test
versions. Lastly, internal consistency reliability evaluates the correlation between various
items meant to measure the same concept.

26
 We are conducting a survey to analyze user perception on digital communication
technology and to analyze how digital telecommunication helps in the educational field.
The most suitable type of reliability for our research is internal consistency reliability.
Because, This assures that the survey is assessing a single construct, which is crucial for
our research on digital communication technologies.

3.4.3 Pilot Study

A pilot study or a feasibility study is a small-scale preparatory research project

carried out before the primary research to assess feasibility or enhance the research
concept. Before beginning a large-scale research project, pilot studies may be extremely
helpful in developing the study method and approaches (In, 2017). To measure the
reliability of this instrument, a small sample of UiTM Puncak Perdana students may be
utilized for a pilot test. In order to determine the internal consistency of the instrument, the
responses received may be examined statistically by using methods like Cronbach's
alpha. For research instruments, a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.7 or above will be
considered as acceptable. .

27
3.5 Research Procedure

3.5.1 Data Collection Technique

The delivery of a structured series of questions to participants is a typical data

gathering approach in research known as the questionnaire method. It offers a methodical
way to collect data in a consistent manner from a sizable sample of people. When
researching target population views, opinions, behaviors, and traits, the questionnaire
approach is especially helpful.

By providing the same set of questions and response possibilities for UiTM Puncak
Perdana students, questionnaires help researchers maintain a consistent approach. By
ensuring that everyone receives the same information, this standardization minimizes the
possibility of bias and improves the comparability of replies. Researchers may gather data
from a big sample using questionnaires, which gives them a more comprehensive picture
of the target population. The results may be more statistically reliable and generalizable
to a bigger population with a larger sample size.

Comparing the questionnaire approach to other ways of data collecting, it is also

more affordable and quicker. Researchers can contact many people at once by distributing
surveys in print or electronically. Individual interviews or observations become less
necessary as a result, saving time and money. Moreover Both quantitative and qualitative
data may be gathered with questionnaires. Quantitative analysis is made possible by
closed-ended questions with preset response alternatives, giving numbers for statistical
analysis. UiTM Puncak Perdana students can contribute in-depth qualitative views in
response to open-ended questions, providing deeper and more complex data.

Finally, researchers can obtain useful data from a large number of people in a
systematic and standardized way by using the questionnaire method as a data collection
tool. The gathered data may be examined to answer research questions, confirm or
disprove hypotheses, and further knowledge about the study's subject.

28
3.5.2 Analyzing Data

The information for this study will be gathered by a self-administered survey. Both
quantitative and qualitative survey data will be gathered using structured and semi-
structured survey questions. The survey will be sent online to all undergraduate students
of UiTM Puncak Perdana. The survey will be conducted using an online survey platform,
such as Google Forms, to ensure efficient data collecting and easy participant response.
It is feasible to disseminate widely and obtain data fast from a large sample size using the
online survey format.

In order to cover various parts of the study goals, the survey questionnaire will be
separated into many sections. The first phase will be devoted to obtaining demographic
data, such as participants' age, gender, and study program. The researchers will be able
to study the data in the context of other demographic groupings thanks to this information,
which will provide details about the sample's features. The survey's future parts will collect
information on how digital communications have affected UITM Puncak Perdana students.
To provide a thorough understanding of participants' experiences and perspectives, these
sections will include closed-ended questions with answer alternatives, Likert-scale items,
and open-ended questions.

Closed-ended inquiries and Likert-scale questions will provide numerical data that
may be examined by statistical methods. On a scale, participants will be asked to evaluate
how often they use digital communications, as well as to categorize their degree of dread
into the following options: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and agree strongly.
With the use of this quantitative data, the researchers will be able to spot trends, patterns,
and connections between user perception, technological preparedness, and the effects of
digital communication on students at UiTM Puncak Perdana.

Several steps will be taken to guarantee the accuracy and dependability of the
data that has been obtained. The survey tool will first go through a pilot test with a small
sample of students to gauge its clarity, applicability, and understandability. The survey
questions will be improved and refined based on feedback from the pilot research. To
guarantee the variety and generalizability of the results, the survey will also be given to a
representative sample of undergraduate students. In order to boost the statistical power
and improve the representativeness of the findings, efforts will be undertaken to obtain a

29
 large sample size. The technique of gathering data will also take ethical issues into
account. The study's objective, the participants' voluntary involvement, and the
confidentiality and anonymity of their answers will all be explained to participants. Before
participants begin the survey, informed permission will be asked.

In conclusion, the method of gathering data for this study will be the distribution of
an online survey to UiTM Puncak Perdana undergraduate students. In order to collect
quantitative and qualitative information on student perceptions of technological
preparedness and digital telecommunication among users, the survey will include both
structured and semi-structured questions. The utilization of various question forms will
provide a thorough knowledge of the experiences and viewpoints of the participants. In
order to enable thorough analysis and insightful conclusions, efforts will be taken to assure
the validity, dependability, and ethical conduct of the data-gathering process.

3.6 SUMMARY

As a conclusion, the undergraduate students at UiTM Puncak Perdana were the

population's primary focus. In addition, the instrument must undergo a validity and reliability
procedure, the proof of which is a requirement to guarantee the integrity and quality of a
measuring instrument. We also conduct a pilot study considering it is our ethical and scientific
responsibility to share our findings with other researchers so they may fully use their resources,
contribute to the evaluation of the strategies, and put the necessary expertise into action on this
project. Therefore, people need information in order to make decisions. Users' information
demands are determined by the informational sector, and searching behavior includes everything
from how they search to how they use the information they obtain.

30
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 APPENDICES

QUESTIONNAIRES

Demographic Information

Course of study :

Age :

Gender :

Section 1: User Perception

Please rate your agreement with the following statements regarding your perception of

digital telecommunication in education:

1. Digital telecommunication enhances communication and collaboration among student and

lectures.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

33
2. Digital telecommunication provides convenience and flexibility in accessing educational

resources and participating in virtual classrooms.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

3. Digital telecommunication improves your overall learning experience and engagement in

online courses.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

34
Section 2: Technology Readiness

Please rate your agreement with the following statements regarding your technology

readiness:

1. I feel confident in using digital telecommunication tools and platforms.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

2. I have the necessary technical skills to effectively utilize digital telecommunication for

educational purposes.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

35
3. I am motivated and willing to adapt to new technologies in my educational journey.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

36
Section 3: Impact of Digital Telecommunication in Education

Please rate your agreement with the following statements regarding the impact of digital

telecommunication in education:

1. Digital telecommunication has improved my access to educational resources and

materials.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

2. Digital telecommunication has enhanced my ability to collaborate with peers and

participate in group projects.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

37
3. Digital telecommunication has positively impacted my learning outcomes and academic

performance.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

4. Digital telecommunication has provided me with more flexibility in managing my studies

and coursework.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

38
GANTT CHART

39
BUDGETING

Labour Monthly rate

Interpreter 6400

Transcriber 4350

Expenses Unit Total Cost (RM)

Airfare Tickets 1 6000

Travel 2 1000

Car Rental Monthly 1.5 1000

Fuel costs (car) 1.5 150

Research Equipment

Cell Phones 1 500

Mobile Internet Modem 1 100

Portablle Hard Drive 1 500

Digital Camera 1 1200

Printer 1 1200

Printer Ink 1 1000

40
Research Material

Cell Phone Usage Charges 10 17500

Cost for Monthly Internet Services 10 21000

Batteries for digital recorder 2 200

Rechargeable Lamp 1 200

8gb Pen Drive 1 80

Gifts to Clients 5 300

Honorium 1 300

Meeting Room Rental 100 100

Photocopies 2 1000

Antivirus 1 1000

Others 1 400

Publication and Dissemination

Journal Application Fees 1 3780

Printing and Binding Theses 1 500

Printing and Binding Report 1 500

41
Subtotal Expenses (RM) 10750 55830

Total Expenses (RM) RM66,580

42