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Lab Report Week 6 Updated

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13 views6 pages

Lab Report Week 6 Updated

Uploaded by

maliktahakhizar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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National University of Sciences and Technology,

Islamabad
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering

Engineering Physics Lab Report


Week 6
Class: ME-16 Sec-C
Group # 03

Contents for each experiment:


1. Abstract
2. Equipment needed
3. Purpose
4. Procedure

Group Members:

Sr Member name CMS


# ID
1 Malik Taha Khizar 50164
7
2 Muhammad 50896
Abdullah 3
3 Maaz Arshad 50159
5
4 Abdullah Mukhtar 50195
9
5 M. Sanan Azeem 50135
0

Experiment no. 07: Kirchhoff’s Rules

Abstract:
Kirchhoff’s rules help to describe the currents and voltages in electrical circuits. It is
a set of two rules, one is for currents in a circuit, namely Kirchhoff’s current rule and
the other discusses voltages in a complex circuit having one or more current loops,
called Kirchhoff's Voltage Rule.
Kirchhoff’s Current Rule:
It states that the algebraic sum of currents of any node in a circuit is equal to zero or
the amount of current entering a node is equal to the amount of current leaving the
node.

∑I=0
Kirchhoff’s voltage rule:
This rule states that the total potential difference for any closed current loop is zero.
This experiment aims to demonstrate Kirchhoff’s rules for an electrical circuit.
Equipment needed:
1 .AC/DC Electronics Lab Board: Resistors, Wire Leads
2. (2) D-cell Batteries
3. Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Purpose:
The fundamental purpose of this lab was to illustrate Kirshhoff’s Rules for electrical
circuits in an experimental way.

Procedure:
 By using five resistances, we constructed the circuit as illustrated in the figure
below and recorded the values of the resistances in the table given below.
Then, we measured the total resistance of the circuit with battery disconnected
and no current flowing through it.
 We then connected the battery with the circuit and measured the voltage
across each of the resistors and recorded the values in the table below.
 Then, we measured the current through each of the resistors by interrupting
the circuit and placing the digital multimeter in series with the resistors. We
recorded the current through each of the resistors as well as the current
flowing into and out of the main part of the circuit.

FIGURE:
Resistance , kΩ Voltage, Volts Current, mA
R1=3.52kΩ V1=0.55V I1=86.7 mA

R2=3.53 kΩ V2=0.634V I2=42.4 mA

R3=1.75 kΩ V3=0.575V I3=555 mA

R4=1.164 kΩ V4=0.612V I4=597 mA


R5=0.952 kΩ V5=0.028V I5=44.5 mA

RT=1.990 kΩ VT=1.486V Iin=637 mA


Iout=638 mA

Analysis:
1. Determine the net current flow into or out of each of the four
“nodes” in the circuit.
First node (point A):
I1=86.7 mA
Iin=637 mA

I3=555 mA

The total current flowing into the node A is Iin = 637 A and the total current flowing
out of it is I1+I3=641.7A.
Second node (point C):
I1=86.7 mA

I2=42.4 mA
The current flowing into the node C is I1=86.7A and the current flowing out of the
node is I2 + I5=86.9A.
Third node (point B):

I2=42.4 mA

Iout=638 mA

I4=597 mA

The total current flowing into the node B is I2 + I4= 639.7 A and the total
current flowing out of the node is Iout=638A
Fourth node (point D):
I3=555 µA I4=597 mA

The total current flowing into the node D is I3 + I5= 599.5A and the
current flowing out of the node is I4=597A
Discussion:

Our experimental data shows the behavior of the circuit as follows:

1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL): Verified that the sum of


measured voltages around each closed loop equals the total supplied
voltage. For example, in the loop formed by the battery, A, B and D
is
V-I3R3-I4R4=1.5V-(555µA) (1.75kΩ)-(597µA)(1.164kΩ)=-0.166≈0V
Evidence of KVL being upheld is shown if the voltage drops across
all components in a loop add up to the battery voltage within
measurement tolerance.
2. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL): Confirmed that the total current
entering each junction equals the total current leaving it. Evidence
for KCL is provided as the node from point A shows that is 637mA
exactly similar to the current at node of point B if the sum of
currents at each node is zero, supporting charge conservation.
These confirmations validate Kirchhoff’s Rules in describing the circuit’s
behavior.

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