IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ✅ NOTES BY AHAD BEG (DU SOL UPDATES YOUTUBE CHANNEL)
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1. What do gou understand by the term biodiversity ?
Biodiversity is the natural world around us, and the variety of all of the different kinds of organisms - the plants, animals, insects and microorganisms that live on our planet. Every one of these live and work together in ecosystems to maintain and support life on earth, and exist in delicate balance. 2. Explain Different Types Of Biodiversity.
Types of Biodiversity 1 Genetic Diversity 2 Species Diversity 3 Ecosystem Diversity 3. What is endangered and endemic species ?
Explain with Example
Endangered species are those at risk of extinction, often due to factors
like habitat loss, climate change, or human activities. Examples include the Sumatran orangutan and the Amur leopard. Endemic species are unique to a specific geographic area and not found naturally anywhere else. For instance, the kiwi bird is endemic to New Zealand, meaning it is found exclusively in that country. 4. What are the demerits of domestication of
selective animals? How can it destrog biodiversity?
Domestication of selective animals can lead to decreased genetic
diversity within populations due to selective breeding for specific traits. This reduction in genetic diversity makes the species more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes. Additionally, intensive breeding practices may result in the loss of natural behaviors and adaptations, impacting the species' ability to survive in the wild. Overall, these factors contribute to the potential destruction of biodiversity within domesticated populations and can have cascading effects on ecosystems. 5. Explain in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity ?
In-situ conservation involves preserving and protecting species within
their natural habitats. This approach aims to maintain the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the survival of various organisms. Ex-situ conservation, on the other hand, involves safeguarding species outside their natural habitats. This can include activities such as establishing captive breeding programs, seed banks, or botanical gardens. Ex-situ methods proide a safety net for species facing threats in the wild. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation play crucial roles in biodiversity conservation, addressing threats to species in their native environments and providing alternatives to ensure their survival. 6. Explain Biological Diversity Act 2002.
The Biological Diversity Act of 2002 is an Indian legislation aimed at
conserving biological resources and promoting sustainable use of biodiversity. It regulates access to biological resources, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization, The Act establishes a National Biodiversity Authority to oversee these matters and mandates the creation of State Biodiversity Boards at the state level. Additionally, it requires individuals and organizations to obtain prior approval for accessing biological resources and sharing benefits derived from their utilization. The Act plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and promoting the sustainable use of India's rich biological resources. 7. Why is biodiversity important for human beings? Make a
list of advantages from biodiversity.
Biodiversity is crucial for human well-being as it:
• Supports Ecosystem Services: Diverse ecosystems provide essential services like pollination, water purification, and soil fertility, contributing to agriculture and clean water resources. • Medicine and Pharmaceuticals: Many medicines and pharmaceuticals are derived from diverse plant and animal species, contributing to the development of drugs and medical treatments. • Genetic Resources for Agriculture: Crop varieties and livestock breeds derived from diverse genetic sources enhance agricultural resilience, productivity, and adaptability. • Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Biodiversity enriches cultural heritage, providing aesthetic and recreational value. It plays a role in art, folklore, and spiritual practices. Climate Regulation: Forests, oceans, and other ecosystems play a key role in regulating climate by absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, helping mitigate the impacts of climate change. •Economic Benefits: Biodiversity supports various industries such as fisheries, forestry, and tourism, contributing significantly to local and global economies. •Food Security: Diverse ecosystems contribute to a variety of food sources, ensuring a more stable and reliable food supply for communities. •Erosion Control: Plant biodiversity helps prevent soil erosion, preserving fertile topsoil and maintaining the health of ecosystems. 8. what ís national park and sanctuaries ? Explain.
National parks and sanctuaries are protected areas designated to
conserve the natural environment and biodiversity. National parks typically focus on preserving ecosystems, landscapes, and wildlife, allowing for r recreational activities with minimal impact on the environment. Wildlife sanctuaries, on the other hand, primarily aim to provide a safe habitat for specific species. They may allow limited human activities but prioritize the protection and well-being of the resident wildlife. Both serve crucial roles in biodiversity conservation, promoting ecological balance and sustainable use of natural resources while fostering public awareness and education about environmental issues. 9. Explain The Work Of IUCN Red List.
The full form of IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of
Nature.The IUCN Red List is a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It assesses the risk of extinction for various species, categorizing them into different threat levels, such as "Least Concern' "Endangered, or "Critically Endangered. This information helps guide d sustain onservationersity policies, and resource allocation to worldwide. protect 10. What Is Sustainable Development ? Explain Its Types.
Sustainable development is an approach to growth that aims to meet
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It encompasses three main pillars: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. Environmental Sustainability: Focuses on preserving and protecting the natural environment. Involves practices that minimize resource depletion, reduce pollution, and promote biodiversity. Economic Sustainability: Aims to foster economic growth while ensuring long-term stability and equity • Involves efficient resource use/ fair trade practices, and responsible investment. Social Sustainability: Concentrates on promoting social equity, justice, and well-being. Encompasses issues such as poverty reduction, education, healthcare, and community engagement. 11. Explain the cause and effects of ozone-layer depletion.
The primary cause of ozone layer depletion is the release of man-made
chemicals called ozone-depleting substances (0DS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other related compounds. These substances release chlorine and bromine atoms when they reach the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is located. The e e effects of ozone layer depletion are e signi increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the surface. This heightened UV radiation has harmful consequences for both the environment and living organisms. It can lead to skin cancer, cataracts in humans, and harm to marine ecosystems. Additionally, UV radiation has the potential to disrupt the growth and development of phytoplankton, a crucial component of the marine food chain. and include Earths Efforts such as the Montreal Protocol have been successful in curbing the production of ozone-depleting substances, contributing to the gradual recovery of the ozone layer. However, it remains crucial to monitor and address this environmental issue to ensure continued protection. 12. Describe about the environmental protection act, 1986.
The Environmental Protection Act of 1986 is an Indian legislation
aimed at protecting and improving the environment. It empowers the central government to take measures to safeguard and improve environmental quality, control pollution, and conserve natural resources. The act provides for the establishment of authorities, such as the Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Boards, to enforce environmental standards and regulations. It also includes provisions for handling hazardous substances, regulating industries, and addressing environmental accidents. 13. Describe The Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972
The Indian Wildlife Protection Act tof 1972 is a significant legislation
aimed at conserving and protecting the country's wildlife. It c categorizes species into Schedules, outlining varying degrees of protection. The Act prohibits hunting and poaching of listed species and establishes protected areas. It also addresses habitat preservation, regulates trade in wildlife, and empowers authorities to take measures for wildlife conservation. Amendments have been made over the years to strengthen its effectiveness in safeguarding India's diverse flora and fauna. 14. Explain What Is Carbon Footprint also give measures to
overcome thís.
A carbon on footprint represents the total amount of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, that an individual, organization, or activity produces, directly or indirectly, as a measure of their impact on the environment and climate change. To reduce your carbon footprint: ·Energy Eficiency: Use energy-efficient appliances, LED bulbs, and consider renewable energy sources like solar or wind power. • Transportation: Opt for public transport, carpooling, biking, or walking. Choose fuel-efficient vehicles or consider electric options. • Waste Reduction: Reduce, reuse, and recycle to minimize the production of waste. Composting organic waste is also beneficial. •Sustainable Diet: Choose locally-produced, seasonal, and organic foods. Consider reducing meat consumption, as livestock contributes significantly to carbon emissions. • Water Conservation: Conserve water to reduce the energy required for water treatment and distribution. Plant Trees: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and contribute to offsetting your carbon footprint. 15. Describe The Chipko Movement.
The Chipko movement, originating in India in the 1970s, was an
environmental movement centered around forest conservation. Villagers, mainly women, hugged trees to prevent their felling. Notable leaders included Sundarlal Bahuguna, who played a pivotal role in advocating for sustainable forestry practices and raising awareness about the ecological impact of deforestation. His efforts contributed to the bro ader environmental consciousness and influenced government policies. 16. Descríbe Narmada Bachao Aandolan And It's Result.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) was a social movement in India
that opposed the construction of large dams on the Narmada River. Led by activists like Medha Patkar, the movement aimed to protect the environment and the rights of displaced communities. The result of NBA was increased awareness about the environmental and social impacts of dam projects, leading to policy changes and more inclusive decision-making processes in such development projects. 17. Give a guidelines for Disaster Management
1. Preparedness: Develop and update emergency plans
regularly.Conduct drills for response teams and the community. 2. Risk Assessment: ldentify potential hazards in the area. 3. Early Warning Systems: Implement effective communication channels for timely alerts. Educate the public on response actions upon receiving alerts. 4. Response and Recovery: Establish a well-coordinated emergency response system.Plan for long-term recovery and rehabilitation. 5. Community Engagement: Educate communities on disaster risks and preparedness. 18. Describe the formation of cyclone. A cyclone forms over warm ocean waters when warm air rises, creating a lowpressure system. As this air ascends, it cools, and water vapor condenses, releasing latent heat. The heat further warms the surrounding ai, causing it to rise and intensifying the low-pressure area. As more air converges towards the center, a rotating system develops. If sustained winds reach a certain speed (39 mph or 63 km/ h), it becomes a tropical storm; if they exceed 74 mph (119 km/h), it's classified as a hurricane or typhoon, depending on the region.
