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Counter and Shift 1

counter and shift notes

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12 views25 pages

Counter and Shift 1

counter and shift notes

Uploaded by

kshitijraghatate7498
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Counters & Shift Registers

Hinal Shah
Difference between Asynchronous
and Synchronous Counters
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

Asynchronous counter is also


known as ripple counter
3 bit asynchronous counter
(UP) using J-K flip flop
Design of Asynchronous
Counter
The number of states through which the counter
passes before returning to the starting state is
called modulus of counter
Modulus of counter is total number of states.
2 bit counter has 4 states so it is called mod-4
counter
It is also called divided by 4 counter.
Design and implement mod-6
asynchronous counter using T FFs
Basic shift register functions
• A register is a digital circuit with basic functions:
– Data storage and
– Data movement
• The storage capacity of a register is the total
number of bits it can retain.
• Shift registers consists of an arrangement of
flips-flops
– Each stage (flip-flop) in a shift register represents
one bit of storage capacity.
– The shifting capacity permits the movement of data
from stage to stage within the register or into or
out of the register upon application of clock pulses.
• The basic difference between a register and a
counter is that a register has no specified
sequence of states, except in certain very
specialized applications.
• A register is used solely for storing and shifting
Serial in/serial out shift
registers
• It accepts data serially, one bit at a
time on a single line, and produces
the sorted information on its output
also in a serial form
Serial in/serial out shift
registers
• 4 bit register
• It needs 4 clock pulses to store 4 bits
• Example:
– Illustrate entry of the 4 bits 1010 into the register.
– Illustrate serially shifting the 4 bits out of the register,
i.e. clearing the register.
Example: Show the states of the 5-bit shift register
for the specified data input and clock waveforms.
The registered is initially cleared.
Serial in/parallel out shift
registers
Data bits are entered serially as illustrated
before
Once the data are stored, the output of each
stage is available on its output line.
Serial in/parallel out shift
registers
4-bit register
Serial in/parallel out shift
registers
• Example: Show the state of the 4-bit
register foe the data input and clock
waveforms. The register initially
contains all 1s.
Serial In/Parallel Out Shift
Registers
8-bit serial in/parallel out
Parallel In/Serial Out Shift
Registers
The bits are entered simultaneously into their
respective stages.
The serial output appears bit by bit per clock
pulse.
To store 4 bits, we need 1 clock pulse
To shift them out them, we need another 3 clock
pulses.
4-bit parallel in/serial out
Parallel In/Serial Out Shift
Registers
4-bit parallel in/serial out
• 4-bit parallel in/serial out
Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift
Registers
• The bits are entered simultaneously into their
respective stages.
• Immediately, the bits appear on the parallel
outputs.

4-bit version
Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers
4-bit version
Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers

4-bit version
Bidirectional Shift Register

A bidirectional shift register is one in which


the data can be shifted either left or right.

4-bit version
Bidirectional 4-bit Shift
Register
Bidirectional 4-bit Shift
Register

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