Decimals, Fractions and Percentages: BGCSE Extended Level Mathematics Guide

by Zemi Stewart, 2018

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ISBN-13: 978 17240 4531 7

Exercise 1 9
Adding and Subtracting Fractions 10
Exercise 2 10
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 12
Exercise 3 13
Fractions of Quantity 13
Exercise 4 14
Equivalent Fractions 15
Exercise 5 15
Comparing Fractions 16

Adding and Subtracting Decimals 17

Exercise 6 17
Multiplying Decimals 17
Exercise 7 18
Dividing Decimals 18
Exercise 8 19
Exercise 9 20
Converting Decimals to Fractions 20
Converting Fractions to Decimals 20
Exercise 10 21

Exercise 11 22
Expressing a Quantity as a Percentage of Another 23
Calculating the Percentage of a Quantity 23
Exercise 12 24
Value-added Tax 25
Exercise 13 25
Percentage Change 26
Exercise 14 26
Percentage Error 26
Exercise 15 27
Percentage Increase 27
Percentage Decrease 28
Exercise 16 28
Reverse Percentages 29
Exercise 17 29
Percentage Profit/Loss 30
Exercise 18 30
Hi Student or Parent,

Welcome to this short guide on Decimals, Fractions & Percentages. The material
in this guide covers the extended level of the Bahamas General Certificate of
Secondary Education (BGCSE) Mathematics examination. I have tried to present
the material in a way that is easy to understand and fun to read. Remember,
Math can be studied, not just practiced. I hope you enjoy this guide and many
others in this series.

-Zemi Stewart
Founder, Math with Miss Zemi

5
The Bahamas General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE) was formed
by the Bahamas’ Ministry of Education and commissioned by Cambridge
University in the United Kingdom. BGCSE examinations are based on the United
Kingdom General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and the
International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE). The
Mathematics examination is split into two levels: Core and Extended.

6
Number
Set Notation & Language
Square, Square Root, Cube & Cube Root
Directed Numbers
Decimals, Fractions and Percentages
Ordering (Comparing Quantities)
Scientific Notation
The Four Rules
Estimation & Limits of Accuracy
Ratio, Proportion & Rate
Use of Calculator
Measures
Time
Money
Personal & Household Finance
Yes, that is a whole lot
Graphs in Practical Situations of material, but do not
Graphs of Functions think for a second that
Equations of Straight-line Graphs you cannot learn and
master all of it. Never
Algebraic Representation & Formulae limit yourself!
Algebraic Manipulation
Functions
Indices (Powers/Exponents)
Algebraic Equations
Linear Inequalities and Regions
Symmetry
Geometrical Terms & Relationships
Geometrical Construction
Angle Properties
Measurement (Area, Volume, etc.)
Trigonometry
Statistics & Probability
Vectors in Two Dimensions
Matrices
Transformations
Differentiation

7
The examiners expect the student to be able to:
 Use the language and notation of simple vulgar (common) and decimal
fractions and percentages in appropriate contexts.
 Recognize equivalence between these forms and convert from one to
the other.
 Calculate a given percentage of a quantity.
 Express one quantity as a percentage of the other.
 Calculate percentage increase or decrease.

The examiners expect the student to be able to:

 Calculate percentage error.
 Solve problems involving reverse percentages (e.g. find the cost price
given the selling price and the percentage profit).

Decimals, fractions and percentages are used throughout our lives. We

encounter them in many real-world scenarios such as, but not limited to,
managing personal finances, during shopping trips and in cooking & baking.

Fundamentally, decimals, fractions and percentages are simply different ways of

expressing or showing the same value. This guide will build on your foundational
knowledge of fractions, decimals and percentages and extend your knowledge
to the BGCSE Extended Level.

8
 𝑎
A fraction shows parts of a whole and is expressed as , where “a” and “b” are
𝑏
two whole numbers.

2 numerator

4 denominator

The numerator represents how many parts there are while the denominator
represents how many equal parts the whole is divided into. The fraction above
2
shows 2 parts out of 4. Note, is the same as 2 ÷ 4.
4

A popular nursery rhyme reads:

“30 days hath September, April, June and November. All the rest have 31,
except for February alone. It has 28 days clear, and 29 in each Leap Year.”

You would be surprised how often I have used this nursey rhyme to solve math
problems. If you have trouble remembering how many days are in each month, I
suggest you remember it also.

(1) Memorize the nursey rhyme above.

(2) In April there were 14 rainy days. What fraction of April was rainy?

There are 30 days in

April so the
denominator is 30.
14
If you guessed you
30
are correct!

(2) Your little brother just received his BJC results. He obtained 3 As, 2 Bs and 1 C.
What fraction of his exam results were As?

9
There are several types of fractions that you should know:
1) proper fractions, e.g. ½
2) improper fractions, e.g. 11/3
3) mixed fractions, e.g. 3⅛

There are a few key rules you should remember when adding and subtracting
fractions:

 If the denominators are the same, add or subtract the numerators and
simplify.
 If the denominators are not the same, find the lowest common multiple
(LCM) of the denominators (also called the lowest common denominator
or LCD) and simplify.
 When dealing with mixed fractions, it is normally easier to change them to
improper fractions first, find the LCD and then add or subtract the
numerators.

I will provide a few examples and exercises below; however, for more details on
this subject, please review the materials listed in the Resources section of this
guide.

2 3 5
(1) + =
6 6 6

2 6 (7×2)+(5×6) 14+30 44
(2) + = = =
5 7 35 35 35

Note: 35 is the LCM of 5 and 7.

(1) Evaluate the following:

1 1 5 3
(a) - (b) 1 + 3
2 4 6 2

10
 2 4 2 3
(c) - (d) -
4 5 5 5

1
(2) Jordan is involved in many extracurricular activities. He spends 6 of his time
1 1
playing baseball, 3 of his time taking piano lessons, and 9 of his time at swimming
practice. The remainder of his time is spent doing other activities.

Baseball Piano Lessons Swimming Lessons Other Activities

1 1 1
6 3 9

Calculate:
(a) The total fraction of his time occupied.

(b) The total fraction of his time doing other activities.

5 1
(3) Work out - . Write your answer in simplest form.
12 4

11
Below are the key rules for multiplying and dividing fractions:

 When multiplying improper or proper fractions, multiply the numerators (top

numbers) and multiply the denominators (bottom numbers), then simplify.
 When multiplying mixed numbers, convert to an improper fraction then
multiply the numerators, and denominators.
 When dividing, replace the division sign with a multiplication sign and
multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second.

To obtain the “reciprocal” of a fraction simply flip it. For example, 1⁄2 becomes 2⁄1.

Examples
3 3 3 18 54 3 2 3 1 (3 ×1) 3
(1) x 3 = x = (2) 5 ÷ 2 = ÷ = × = =
3
5 5 5 5 25 5 1 5 2 (5 ×2) 10

The fraction in (1) cannot be simplified further as 54 and 25 have no common factors
(or divisors). Likewise, (2) is in its simplest form.

To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction:

(1) Numerator: multiply the denominator and the whole number
and then add the numerator
(2) Denominator: same as original denominator of mixed number
2
e.g. 3 Numerator: (5 x 3) + 2 = 15 + 2 = 17
5
Denominator: 5 (same as original fraction)
2 17
So = 3 =
5 5

Let’s put into practice what you’ve learned. Try the exercises on the following
page. If any of the exercises seem difficult for you, review this section again or
review the materials in the Resources section.

12
(1) Evaluate the following:
5 1 1 3
(a) x (b) x
6 4 7 5

4 5 3
(c) 4 x 1 (d) 4 x 3
5 8 8

(2) Evaluate the following and give your answer as a mixed fraction:
1 21 1 1
(a) 1 x (b) 2 x 3
2 2 2 4

There are multiple methods to determine fractions of quantities (also called

“fractions of amounts”); however, this guide will focus on the most commonly
used method: multiplying fractions.

Q. How do we find 3/5 of 20?

This is the same as 3/5 x 20.

3/5 x 20 = 3/5 x 20/1 =
(3 ×20)
= 60/5 = 12
(5 ×1)

In “fractions of quantity” questions, replace the “of” with a multiplication sign (as
demonstrated in the example above).

Your turn!
Q. What is 3/7 of 35?

13
 3 1
(1) of a pan of macaroni is sitting on the counter. You decide to eat of it with
4 3
your Sunday dinner. How much of the whole pan did you eat?

(2) You have 24 pairs of jeans and want to donate half of them to the Salvation
Army. How many do you donate?

(3) Find three quarters of $1.

Tip: Convert $1 to cents first.

(4) Which is larger, 3⁄5 of 24 or 3⁄4 of 20?

Show your working.

20
Always be careful of the units! For example, 20 cents as a fraction of $2 is not but
2
20
rather (because $1.00 = 100 cents and so $2 = 200 cents). We converted the $2
200
to cents so that the units of the two quanitites would be the same.

Q. What is 30 cm as a fraction of 5m?

30
A. 30cm as a fraction of 5m is (since 5m = 500 cm).
500

14
A fraction can be written in different ways and still mean the same thing. These
are called equivalent fractions.

As you can see below, each shaded region represents one half of a circle.
1 2 3 4
Therefore, , , and are all equivalent fractions.
2 4 6 8

You can produce an infinite number of equivalent fractions. How? Simply multiply
the numerator and the denominator by the same number.

1
For example, to find fractions that are equivalent to multiply the numerator and
5
denominator by the same number.

1 2
= (multiply numerator and denominator by 2)
5 10

1 3
= (multiply numerator and denominator by 3)
5 15

You can go on and on because a single fraction has an infinite number of

equivalent fractions.

1 3
(1) Ian and Zemi ordered pizzas for dinner. Ian ate of his pizza while Zemi ate
3 9
of hers. Did they eat an equivalent amount of pizza?

1 1
(2) Lauren ate 2 of her Snickers bar. Javon ate 5 of his Mars bar. Did they eat an
equal amount of their chocolate bars?

15
When comparing the size of fractions, you must find equivalent fractions that
have the same denominator.

5 4
Q. Which is bigger, or ?
8 7
Their denominator must be a number that both 8 and 7 can divide into. I chose
the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 8 and 7 which is 56. In doing so, I note:

5 35 4 32
= and =
8 56 7 56

We can immediately see which fraction is bigger (and smaller) because the
fractions share the same denominator. But be careful! Your final answer should
5 35
be “ is bigger”, not” is bigger”. They are equivalent fractions so the answer is
8 56
technically true, but always answer exactly what you are asked.

7 1 14 3
Now you try. Arrange the following fractions in ascending order: , , , .
10 2 25 5

Note: “Ascending order” means to order the numbers from smallest to greatest.
“Descending order” means to order the numbers from largest to smallest.

As in the example above, we use a decimal point to separate the whole number
part from the fractional part. The fraction part is also known as “parts of a whole”
(tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.).

- A tenth is 1/10 of a unit (0.1 in decimal form)

- A hundredth is 1/100 of a unit (0.01 in decimal form)
- A thousandth is 1/1000 of a unit (0.001 in decimal form)

16
When adding and subtracting decimals, add or subtract as normal, but make
sure that you keep decimal points aligned.

Try the simple exercises below to see if you remember the basics of decimal computation.

1) 4.27 + 2.30
14.27
+ 1.31
2) 5 – 0.24 15.58

When multiplying decimals there are two key rules that you must keep in mind:
(1) Multiply as normal (pretend the decimal point does not exist).
(2) When you have obtained the answer, place the decimal point in the
correct position.

Q. What is the correct position?

The product (result of the multiplication) should have as many decimal places as
the two numbers you were multiplying combined. Let’s illustrate this with an
example to be sure you’ve got it.

Q. Multiply 3.3 x 1.02.

To solve the above, multiply 33 x 102 (ignoring
the decimal place). We get 3,366. But that isn’t
the final answer. We need to position the
decimal. There is 1 digit after the decimal point
in 3.3 and 2 digits after the decimal point in 1.02.
Therefore we count from right to left 3 places
and our final answer is 3.366.

17
 Tip: When multiplying by multiples of 10, move the decimal place to the right n times,
where n is the number of 0s in the number. When dividing by multiples of 10, move
the decimal place to the left n times, where n is the number of 0s in the number.

Example
6.23 x 1000  move the decimal place to the right 3 times (because 1,000 has 3
zeros)

Therefore, 6.23 x 1000 = 6230.0 or 6,230.

Move the decimal 3 spaces to
the right to get 6230.0 or 6,230.

(1) What is 1.2 x 1.1?

(2) Solve 3.42 x 2.

(3) What is 3.45 x 2.1?

When dividing a decimal by a whole number, divide as usual but keep the
decimal points aligned.

Example

1.25
3.75 ÷ 3 = 3)3.75 = 1.25 (correct to 2 decimal places)

18
(1) Calculate and give your answers correct to 2 decimal places:
a. 0.99 ÷ 21

b. 9.1 ÷ 7

c. 12.4 ÷ 6

When dividing a decimal by another decimal, you need to use equivalent

fractions.

Example

2.42 ÷ 0.2

2.42 ÷ 0.2 is the same as 24.2 ÷ 2

How? We have multiplied both the numerator and denominator by 10.

2.42 x 10 = 24.2 Remember the trick

0.2 x 10 = 2 we learned about
multiplying by powers
of 10? You can apply
it here.

Again, 3.715 ÷ 0.005 is the same as 3715 ÷ 5. In this case, we

multiplied both sides by 1000.

Tip: Always multiply the numerator and denominator by the same number, and
make sure that the denominator is a whole number.

19
(1) Evaluate correct to 3 significant figures.

0.0785
0.249

Note: Check the resources section for additional information on significant figures.
“Correct to 3 significant figures” is not to be confused with the phrase “correct to 3
decimal places”.

(2) Evaluate:
a. 0.9 ÷ 0.009

b. 1.35 ÷ 0.15

c. 0.04 ÷ 0.2

Converting fractions to decimals is often easier to compute, so we’ll start there.

5
= 5 ÷ 3 = 1.6666….
3

Note: This is a recurring decimal because the “6” repeats. Another way of writing this
would be 1.6̅. We place the line over the repeating digit. If we were to round to 3
decimal places, the answer would be 1.667.

4
Q. Convert 25 to a decimal.
4
= 4 ÷ 25 = 0.16
25

20
When converting decimals to fractions, we must rely on our foundational
knowledge of decimals.

2
0.2 means “two tenths” or 10
23
0.23 means “23 hundredths” or 100
543
0.543 means “543 thousandths” or 1000
…and so on.

Don’t worry about converting recurring decimals to fractions. This is not part of
the Core curriculum and I have yet to see it as part of the Extended curriculum.

Q. What about 2.356? What is this as a fraction?

356 89
2.356 = 21000 = 2250 (remember to give your answer in simplest form)

4
(1) Which is bigger, 15 or 1.75? Show your working.

(2) Convert 3.53 to a fraction.

(3) Convert 0.657 to a fraction.

(4) Memorize these conversions.

¼ = 0.25 ½ = 0.5 ¾ = 0.75

21
A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. That is, the
denominator of a percentage is always 100. Percentages are often denoted
using the percent sign, %.

65% means 65 out of 100

65 13
Therefore, as a fraction, 65% = =
100 20
65
and as a decimal, 65% = = 0.65
100

7 7
Similarly, the fraction as a percentage equals x 100 = 35%
20 20
7 35
and = = 0.35.
20 100

Complete the following table:

1
4
0.1

50%
3
4
20%

0.3
9
10
60%

Please show your working.

22
Let’s begin by reviewing the example below.

Q. Express 45 cents as a fraction of $1.35.

1.35 in cents = 135
45
Therefore, the fraction would be .
135
Let’s express this answer in lowest terms.
45 9 3 1
= = =
135 27 9 3

1
45 cents as a fraction of $1.35 is therefore .
3
Be careful with the units when solving such questions. Notice, I changed the dollar
value to cents before answering the question. A similar approach is taken in the
example below.

Q. Express 1200 g as a percentage of 3 kg.

Grams and kilogams are clearly different units. We therefore have to convert
both of these quantities to the same unit before answering the question.
1 kg = 1000 g
Therefore, 3 kg = 3000 g

1200 12 2
The fraction is thefore, = = .
3000 30 5

Finding the percentage of a quantity is very practical for day-to-day life. Sales
such as“20% off” or “50% off” and even Value-Added Tax (VAT) calculations are
all real-life applications of calculating the percentage of a quantity.

Q. Find 40% of $50.

40
This statement is equivalent to x $50.
100
40
x $50 = $20
100

Q. If 20% of the children in a class play the violin, what percentage do not?
The percentage who play is 20%, therefore the percentage who do not is
100% - 20% = 80%.

23
(1) Jami is buying a pair of jeans. The original price was $75, but there is a
discount of 30%. How much will the discount be?

(2) You are on a plane to Singapore. Seventy-six percent of the passengers

on the flight are Malaysian. What percentage of them are not?

(3) Deductions from a man's wage were: health insurance 21%, pension 8%,
and other deductions 7%. What percentage did he keep?

(4) At St. James High, 35% of the students take woodwork, 25% take technical
drawing and 20% take both subjects. What percentage of the students
study neither?

(5) Find 24% of 7.5 m

(6) Find 121/2% of 4.88 cm

(7) Dr. Russell has 1,400 patients. 490 of these patients are male.
What percentage of her patients are female?

24
Value Added Tax in the Bahamas is charged at a rate of 12% (as of 2018).
Previously, it was calculated at a rate of 7.5%.

Example
The cost of a phone case is the list price plus VAT at 12%. The list price is $24.
Work out the cost of the phone case.

First, let us calculate the VAT on the good (i.e. the phone case).
12
VAT: 12% of $24 = 100 x $24 = $2.88
Next, we add the VAT amount to the list price in order to obtain the cost price.
Cost Price = list price + VAT = $24 + $2.88 = $26.88

Therefore, the cost of the phone case is $26.88.

Note: We call the list price + VAT, the “VAT inclusive price”. The list price (without VAT
applied) is called the “VAT exclusive price”.

(1) Javon wants to purchase a car that costs $4,500 before VAT.
a) Work out the cost of the VAT that is charged at 12%.

b) In the past, the VAT would have been calculated at 7.5%. How much
more does Javon pay in VAT at the current rate?

(2) William bought an engagement ring for Deanna.

The total cost of the ring was $1,500 plus VAT at 12%.
(a) Work out the cost of the ring.

When William proposed to Deanna, he invited 21 people to attend the

surprise proposal. Of the 21 persons invited, only 12 came.
(b) Express 12 as a percentage of 21.

25
The formula for percentage change is:

𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

% change = × 100
𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Example
The price of my math textbook increased from $16.00 to $35.00. By how much
percent has the textbook increased by?

$35.00−$16.00 $19.00
% change = × 100 = $16.00 × 100 = 1.1875 x 100 = 118.75%
$16.00
The price of the textbook increased by 118.75%. That’s a huge increase!

Custom Mics is a shop that sells microphones and sound equipment.

In 2016, Custom Mics sold 528 microphones.

In 2017, Custom Mics sold 676 microphones.

Work out the percentage increase in the number of microphones sold.

Give your answer to an appropriate degree of accuracy.

Percentage error is defined as the difference between the approximate and

exact values, as a percentage of the exact value. Spoken another way,
percentage error is the error expressed as a percentage of the actual value.

To calculate the percentage error follow these steps:

1. Calculate the error by subtracting one value from another, ignoring the
minus sign.
2. Divide the error (calculated in step 1) by the exact value.
3. Express the answer as a percentage by multiplying the result in step 2 by 100.
Remember to use the % sign in your answer.

Review the example that follows to see how the steps are applied.

26
Example
Susan estimated that the length of the string was 12 cm; however, the actual
length was 13.5 cm. Calculate the percentage error.

Step 1: Calculate the error

13.5 – 12 = 1.5

Step 2: Express the error as a fraction of the exact value

1.5
= 0.111
13.5

Step 3: Express the value obtained as a percentage

0.111 x 100 = 11.1%

John and his classmates are comparing the characteristics of various leaves in
biology class. He measures the length of a sea grape leaf as 20 cm. If the actual
length of the leaf is 18.2 cm, what is the percentage error of John’s calculation?

If a quantity or amount increases by a certain percentage, we multiply the

quantity or amount by the multiplying factor to determine the increase.

Example
A pair of Fashion Nova jeans cost $23 dollars on sale, but will increase by 20%
tomorrow (when the sale is over).

The increased amount is (100 + 20)% or 120% of the original cost (which in this case
is the sale price). 120% is the multiplying factor.

We calculate the increase as follows:

120
x $23 = $27.60
100

More generally, for “percentage increase”, the multiplying factor is

(100 + percentage increase)%.

27
Example (VAT Revisited)
The cost of a phone case is the list price plus VAT at 12%. The list price is $24. Work
out the cost of the phone case.

Consider the VAT to be a 12% increase on the cost of the good. The multiplying
factor is then (100 + 12)% = 112%. To calculate the cost of the phone case inclusive
of VAT, we multiply the cost of the good by the multiplying factor.

In this example,
112% x $24 = 1.12 x $24 = $26.88

Note: When calculating the VAT inclusive price, the multiplying factor is always 1.12.
Of course, this only applies in the Bahamas where value-added tax is 12%.

Q. Rework the above example for a VAT rate of 17%.

Similarly, for “percentage decrease” calculations, the multiplying factor is

(100 – percentage decrease)%.

(1) Decrease 100 by 30%.

(2) The BPL bill increased by 20% this month. Last month the bill was $175.55.
What is the bill now?

(3) Last year 250 high school students failed the Office Procedures exam.
Examiners reported that the number of fails fell by 16%. How many
students failed this year?

28
Reverse percentages are used to calculate the cost price when the selling price
is known. The key to working out reverse percentage problems correctly is to know
that a good or item is always worth 100% of its value.

Example
An art supplies store has a back to school sale. The sign on the door reads “20%
OFF EVERYTHING!” After the markdown, an acrylic paint set is priced at $24.
What was the original selling price?

The key here is to realize that the paint set was originally worth 100% and the
store has now reduced the price by 20% of its original value.

This means that 100% - 20% = 80% of the value of the paint set remains.

We set up the equation as:

80
𝑥 = $24, where x is the original selling price of the good
100

We then solve for 𝑥.

80
100
𝑥 = $24
80𝑥 = $24 x 100
80𝑥 = $2,400
$2400
𝑥 = 80
𝑥 = $30

The original selling price of the acrylic paint set, before the sale, was $30.

Check
20
20% x $30 = 100 × 30 = $6 (discount the original selling price by $6)
$30 – $6 = $24

A conch pearl sold at an auction for $990 which is a 10% increase on the price it
was originally bought for. How much was the pearl originally bought for?

Note: We are going to encounter percentages again in the consumer mathematics

guide.

29
To calculate the percentage profit or loss, follow the steps below:
1) Calculate the profit or loss
2) Divide the profit or loss by the original price
3) Multiply by 100 to obtain the percentage

You may or may not have noticed that this is the same approach used for
percentage change calculations (page 26).

Example
Aja bought a camera for $450 and later sold it for $470. What percentage profit
did Aja make?

Let’s solve the problem by applying the 3 steps above:

1) Aja’s profit = selling price – cost price = $470 - $450 = $20
$20
2) $450 = 0.044
3) Percentage profit = 0.0444 x 100 = 4.44%

Exercise 18
(1) Gabby bought a car for $6,000 and sold it 5 years later for $5,250. Calculate
the percentage loss.

(2) You bought a car for $8,010 and later sold it for $8,750. Calculate your
percentage profit.

(3) The table shows the cost and selling price. Work out the percentage profit or
loss for each part (a), (b), (c).

Cost Price Selling Price

(a) $15 $12
(b) $80 $95
(c) $50 $35

30
1. Express 48% as a
a. fraction in its lowest terms [2]

b. decimal [1]

2. a. Use your calculator to work out the exact value of

32.41 x 1.382
0.4
Tip: Input ((32.41 x 1.382)÷ 0.4) into your calculator. [1]

b. Express the answer in (a) correct to:

(i) two decimal places [1]

(ii)three significant figures [1]

3. David and Deandre are close friends who attend the same school. David’s
home is 8.87 miles away from the school. Deandre’s home is 3 times as far as
David’s home from school. What is the distance between Deandre’s school
and his home?

4. Your mother sent you to the store for tomato paste. A 6 oz can of tomato paste
usually costs $3.26; however, you see an 8 oz can on special for $3.01.
a. How much do you save by purchasing the 8 oz can?

b. What would your change be from $5.00?

31
5. A box contains 560 g of cereal. A family pack of cereal contains an extra 35%
more at the same price. How many grams of cereal are in the family pack?
[3]

6. Write 12.24 correct to

a. the nearest whole number ____________ [1]

b. one decimal place ___________ [1]

c. the nearest ten ___________ [1]

d. the nearest tenth _________ [1]

1
7. House of Hall, an online boutique, sold a dress for $189.50. This was more than
5
the cost price of the dress. What is the cost price?
[2]

8. Write 0.6 as:

a. a fraction [1]

b. a percentage [1]

9. Gabrielle earns $26,000 per year. She gets an increase of 3%.

a. How much money is the increase per year? [2]

b. How much money is the increase per month? [1]

32
 1 1
10. Using the given fractions, 5 and , [4]
6 2
a. (i) change the mixed number fraction to an improper fraction

(ii) state the Lowest Common Denominator (LCD) of the fractions.

b. Use the LCD to find the sum of the fractions.

c. Write your answer to (b) as a fraction in its lowest terms.

11. A calculator display shows 4768.29.

Write this number correct to
a. the nearest hundred [1]

b. one decimal place [1]

c. one significant figure [1]

12. Express as a fraction in lowest terms,

a. 8% [2]

b. 0.475 [2]

1
13. Express 5 as a decimal. [1]

33
14. Convert
a. 75% to a fraction in lowest terms [1]

b. 0.075 as a percentage [1]

1
c. 7 to a decimal [1]
8

15. Write down the value of (12.52)2

a. exactly [1]

b. to two significant figures [1]

c. to one decimal place [1]

d. to the nearest hundred [1]

15+7
16. Simplify [1]
13−2

1 1
17. Calculate the fraction that is halfway between and . [1]
4 2
Tip: You may consider using a number line to solve this. An alternative is to use
your calculator.

18. Express as a fraction in lowest terms,

35
a. [2]
120

b. 6% [1]

34
 c. 0.375 [2]

19. Write down the value of (11.36)2

a. exactly [1]

b. to two decimal places [1]

20. a. Express the decimal number 0.375 as

(i) a percentage [1]

(ii) a fraction in lowest terms [2]

3
b. A class project requires 24 pieces of copper wire, each a length of 1 inches.
5
Assuming there is no waste in cutting, calculate the minimum length of the wire
that should be purchased. [2]

21. Arrange the following decimals in order from smallest to largest: [2]
0.02, 0.0042, 0.0301, 0.036

22. Jackie obtained an answer of 0.087615 on her calculator. She rounded the
number off to 0.0876. State the amount of:
(i) decimal places she rounded to [1]

(ii) significant figures she rounded to [1]

21
23. Express the fraction
63
a. in lowest terms [1]

b. in decimal form [1]

c. as a percent [2]

35
24. Insert one of the symbols <, >, = below to make each statement true.
2
a. 0.6 [1]
3

b. 8% 0.8 [1]

3 3
c. [1]
8 12

1
d. 20% [1]
4

25. For the fractions 1⁄2, 3⁄4, 1⁄3, and 2⁄5

a. Write the Lowest Common Denominator [1]

b. List the fraction in ascending order. (Show your working.) [3]

1 7
26. Calculate the difference in length between 2 and 1 . [2]
4 8

27. Complete the table. [3]

Fraction Decimal Percentage

½ 50%
0.75
0.10 10%

28. Paul buys 30 cans of soda for a party. [4]

He is given a 20% discount off the total price.

One can costs 75 cents before the discount.

How much does he pay?

36
29. Work out 0.6 x 0.1 [1]

30. Work out 0.5 – 0.18 [2]

5 3
31. Work out 6 x 20. Express your answer as a fraction in simplest form. [3]

2 5
32. Jami needs of a tank of gas to drive home. She has of a tank. Does she
3 8
have enough gas to get home or should she stop at the gas station along the
way? [2]

Show your working. Give your final answer in complete sentences.

33. Evaluate [2]

3 2 3
× ÷
5 4 16

2 1
34. I completed 3 of my project last month and 4 of my project this week.
a. What fraction of my project is complete? [3]

b. What fraction of my project remains to be completed? [1]

37
35. a. Anwar scored 17 out of 20 on his Chemistry test. Calculate this as a
percentage. [2]

b. On another test, he scored 75%. If that test was out of 24 marks, how many
marks did he receive? [2]

36. The table shows the number of composition books sold in a shop in July and
August.
July August
170 182

Work out the percentage increase in the number of composition books sold
from July to August. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [3]

37. Two stores are selling the same pair of Jordans. The advertisements for KYKS
and Macks Shoes are displayed below. VAT is 12%

In which store are the shoes cheaper and by how much? [4]

38
Fractions
https://www.bbc.com/education/guides/z2hsrwx/revision/1
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/math/index.htm
https://revisionmaths.com/gcse-maths-revision/number/fractions

Decimals
https://revisionmaths.com/gcse-maths-revision/number/decimal-numbers
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/math/index.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/number/decimalsrev1.shtml

Percentages
https://www.mathsisfun.com/percentage.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/number/fracsdecpersrev1.shtml
https://mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/gcse-maths-revision/percentages-gcse-revision-and-worksheets/
http://www.parkermaths.com/students/GCSE/Higher/topicSpecific/Number/Percentages%20Usi
ng%20a%20Calculator%20-%20Higher%20GCSE%20-%20Exam%20Style%20Questions.pdf

Significant Figures
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/number/roundestimaterev3.shtml

39