Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2022, 3–7, DOI: 10.

2478/aei-2022-0001 3

AN ENHANCED ACCIDENT DETECTION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM USING MEMS

TECHNOLOGY

Sathasivam PURUSHOTHAMANS, Gunasekaran MOHANAVEL, Karuppanan KALAICHELVI

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Communication,
V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India-639 111,
E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
This is an intention to implement an innovative solution for this problem by developing an automatic accident detection system and
recovery analysis play an important role. By using this mobile (SMS) and also with the help of embedded technology we can solve this
problem. An accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application; Dangerous driving can be detected with an accelerometer. The
vibration sensor detects the accident. The MEMS sensor detects a rollover and alerts the driver. A major accident can be detected
using accelerometer readings. According to this idea, when a car is involved in an accident, the vehicle number and contact information
for the people involved are promptly recorded and will be transferred to police control room or a rescue team by using GSM MODEM.
As a result, using GPS, the cops can quickly determine where the communication originated. One more advances of this modern
technology were for an uncertain situation many of vehicles that have center locking system, Due this technology people faces many
problem due to automatic locking system. There is no option to open the lock in the case; our work will provide a suitable solution for
this so it is useful for implementing this project in useful way to reduce the human death ratio by accidents.

Keywords: Accident detection, Recovery analysis, MEMS Technology, GSM module, GPS, Vibration sensor

1. INTRODUCTION mortality rate. The larger fleet size improves the EMS
performance and the response time of urgent calls can be
Now a day the improvement of modern technologies in reduced [2]. Using mobile service software improves the
automobile has also increases the road Accidents. Many response time of the rescue team and minimizes the delay
individuals lost their lives as a result of this. There is a loss of arrival of the ambulance to the accident zone. SOA,
of life due to the delay in the arrival of ambulance to the SOAP, HL7, SOEHR and HEDS using this software find
accident zone in the golden hour. This work introduces the nearest place of hospital and pre-hospitalizing to the
automated accident detection and recovery to overcome patient [8, 6]. Control traffic congestion to reduce the time
this challenge. The design of a system which can detect the it takes for an ambulance to arrive. Find the quickest path
accident immediately and send the message to the rescue for the ambulance to arrive at the accident scene using the
team and police control room. The alarm message is given Dijkstra Algorithm [3, 4]. In this paper, the system
to the rescue squad in a timely manner, allowing vital lives proposes sliding of the seat position away from the area of
to be saved. There is also a switch to end the crash and automatic unlocking of doors [7]. In this work,
communication if there is no causality, which might save MEMS sensor and vibration sensor are used to detect
time for the medical rescue team. Both a vibration sensor accident of the vehicle and it will communicate to the
and a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor microcontroller. Then the information is send to the
can be used to detect an accident. The angle of the rolls over emergency team. If the accident is happened in the car, then
of the car can be determined by MEMS sensor. The ARM automatically car door won’t open. So this is one of the
controller is fed the signals from both sensors. The prominent drawbacks identified in this paper [13]. In this
controller uses a GSM modem to send an alarm message to paper, the electrical signal properties like as voltage levels
the rescue squad, and GPS is used to identify their location are sent through RS232 communication standard. This type
[1]. Tamil Nadu (15,409 deaths) had the greatest number of of communication allows data to be sent from one location
road fatalities in 2010, followed by Andhra Pradesh to another. To analyse and store real-time signals from the
(15,337 deaths), Uttar Pradesh (15,099 deaths), and accelerometer and other sensors, a high-performance 16/32
Maharashtra (15,099 deaths) (14,063 deaths). Delhi (7479 bit microcontroller unit is employed. In this regards, the
instances) had the most road accidents, followed by paper explained only about how interfacing is
Bangalore (6490 incidents) and Mumbai (6490 cases) communicated between modules [14].
(4008 cases). Over 40% of accident-related deaths in India
were caused by trucks and two-wheelers [9]. Many people 3. METHODOLOGY
have lost their lives as a result of automobile accidents. We
are going to give optimum solution for this problem by In this system, an automatic accident detection and
using advanced embedded technologies. recovery using advanced embedded technologies such as
GSM MODEM, GPS and MEMS technology. When the
2. LITERATURE REVIEW vehicle attained accident, the accelerometer used to detect
crash before and after the accident. The vibration sensor
The emergency medical services manage and control receives the command from accelerometer it starts to ON
the two critical factors such as fleet size and ambulance the buzzer. Automatically these signals send to the
location site. The performance of EMS can reduce the microcontroller and immediately send to GPS section to

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4 An Enhanced Accident Detection and Recovery System Using Mems Technology

gather the accident location. After all these process happens plugged into a laptop computer's PC Card / PCMCIA Card
the microcontroller sends the emergency signal to rescue slot. To work, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a
unit through GSM module. From this system, we can able cellular carrier.
to reduce the accident rate and reduce the time for first aid
and human death ratio by accidents.
3.3. Concept of GPS system
3.1. MEMS Sensors
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-
Micro sensors measure properties without affecting the based navigation system that may be used to find locations
environment. Mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy almost anywhere on the planet. Designed and operated by
are all converted to electrical energy. Pressure, the U.S. Satellites, control and monitor stations, and
acceleration, strain, temperature, vibration, rotation, receivers make up the Department of defence system. GPS
proximity, chemical, biological, radiation, and auditory receivers employ triangulation to compute a user's exact
emissions are all examples of emission types. position by combining information from satellites. GPS
may be utilised in a variety of ways during an incident,
including:
 To determine position locations; For example,
you may need to radio a helicopter pilot your
location coordinates so that the pilot can pick
you up.
 To get from one place to another, such as from
a lookout to the fire perimeter.
 To make digitised maps; for example, you've
been given the task of plotting the fire
perimeter and hotspots.
 To find the distance between two spots or the
distance between you and another location.
Fig. 1 Block diagram of MEMS accelerometer
3.4. Accident Detection and Recovery system
3.2. GSM Wireless Modem

Fig. 3 Proposed block diagram of accident detection and

recovery system
Fig. 2 Application of GSM MODEM

In this block diagram, the ARM microcontroller may be

GSM modems are wireless modems that connect to a interfaced to the various units. The power supply unit
GSM network. The behaviour of a wireless modem is reduces the input voltage from 230V to 12V DC. The ARM
similar to that of a dial-up modem. A dial-up modem microcontroller is the central component, and it uses a
transmits and receives data via a fixed telephone line, pipeline approach to offer high-speed data processing.
whereas a wireless modem transmits and receives data over Pipeline techniques are used so that all portions of the
radio waves. An external GSM modem or a PC Card / processing and memory systems can run at the same time.
PCMCIA card can be used. A serial or USB cable is Thumb is an architectural method used by the ARM
typically used to connect an external GSM modem to a controller. The key benefit of using a controller is that it
computer. A laptop computer can employ a GSM modem performs better when there is a lot of code. When an
in the form of a PC Card / PCMCIA Card. It must be accident happens, the vibration sensor detects it and the
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Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2022 5

signals are increased by the amplifying circuit. If the rescue team, and the position is determined using GPS. At
automobile rolls over, a MEMS sensor detects the angle the same time, a lock/unlock unit opens the door.
and sends it to the controller's input for processing. The
buzzer will come on when the controller receives the input. 3.6. Interfacing Module
The message is sent to the rescue crew with the aid of a
GSM module. With the use of GPS technology, the The LPC2148 microcontrollers combine a 32/16 bit
accident location may be discovered. The buzzer will sound ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and
and the centre locking mechanism will be activated if the embedded trace support with embedded high-speed flash
accident is serious. After the collision, the door will memory ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB. 32-bit code
automatically open after a few seconds. However, if the execution at the highest clock rate is enabled via a 128-bit
accident is minimal, the buzzer will turn off, and the wide memory interface and a unique accelerator design.
warning will not reach the rescue squad. Serial
communication connects the GSM and GPS modules to the
ARM controller. All of the components are perfectly
interfaced to ensure that accident detection and alert
message transmission are totally automated, resulting in a
considerable reduction in warning time.

3.5. Flow Diagram

Fig. 5 Overall interfacing connection diagram

Fig. 6 Interfacing of Accelerometer with Microcontroller

To decouple the power supply, use a 0.1F capacitor on

VDD. The accelerometer's physical distance from the
microcontroller should be kept as short as possible. To
decrease noise, connect a ground plane to all of the open
Fig. 4 Flow chart ended terminals illustrated in Figure 8. To reduce clock
noise, use a 3.3nF capacitor on the accelerometer outputs
This flowchart depicts accident detection and recovery (from the switched capacitor filter circuit). The power and
strategies. The system is turned on to start it up. If the ground PCB layouts should not couple power supply noise.
system detects an anomaly, the accident has happened, and A high current channel between the accelerometer and the
the Buzzer will sound. The system's acceleration and microcontroller is not recommended. The A/D sampling
vibration detect the accident. When an accident is detected, rate and any external power supply switching frequency
the switch is scanned first; if it is a small accident, the should not conflict with the internal accelerometer
switch is turned on, and there is no need to send a message, sampling frequency (11 kHz for the sampling frequency).
therefore messaging is stopped. Otherwise, the switch is Aliasing mistakes will be avoided as a result of this. On, a
left off, the 56 percent message is automatically sent to the concentration of 10M or greater is suggested.

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6 An Enhanced Accident Detection and Recovery System Using Mems Technology

To eliminate loss due to the voltage divider connection 4.1. Door unlock output
between the inbuilt 32 k resistor and the measurement input
impedance, use XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT. The Microcontroller, GPS receiver, and GSM module
all receive power from the supply voltage. The
3.7. Experimental Setup microprocessor receives the input when the MEMS sensor
is tilted or the vibration sensor is pushed, and the buzzer
A control unit ARM7 LPC2148, an accident detection turns on.
module with three-axis accelerometer sensor
MMA76361L, a user interface module with GPS, and a
message sending module make up the design structure.

Fig. 9 Door unlock condition

It denotes the occurrence of an accident. The

microcontroller uses an RS232 connection to relay the
alarm signal to the GPS and GSM modules. The GPS
Fig. 7 Hardware Implementation receiver picks up the signal and locates the accident. The
GSM modem sends the message to the phone number
When a collision happens, the vibration sensor instantly specified in the code. At the same time, the controller sends
recognises the collision. When the car rolls over, the an alert signal to the relay unit, which activates the relay
accelerometer sensor's Z–axis determines the roll angle. that is attached to the automobile and unlocks the door.
When the roll angle exceeds the set reference value, an
alarm signal is delivered. 5. CONCLUSIONS

4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The importance of vehicle safety is increasing due to

the fast development of new technology in the automotive
industry. Many people have lost their lives as a result of a
lack of security. This article will provide an automatic
accident detection system in order to minimise the number
of people killed in traffic accidents. It will also present a
design that is inexpensive in cost, portable, compact in size,
and easy to expand. The ARM processor is combined with
MEMS, a vibration sensor, a lock/unlock unit, GPS, and
GSM in this system. This technology cuts down on the time
it takes to find a person's location, allowing them to be
treated as quickly as feasible. Both the vibration sensor and
the MEMS sensor are capable of detecting the accident.
This will give the accurate information. The data is
processed by the controller. When the input is received by
the controller the buzzer will ON and message is send
Fig. 8(a) Pre-accident message; (b) Post-accident message through GSM MODEM. The accident location can be
detected by the GPS module. The accident status is
The MEMS sensor detects reckless driving and sends a identified by pressing the switch which will control the
message to the police control centre via GSM modem. GPS flow of sending the message and save the time of medical
is used to determine the position. Figure 8(a) illustrates this. rescue team. One more advantage of this system is to
If an accident occurs, the accident information, including unlock the door when accident detected. This will provide
the names of the people involved, their phone numbers, the the most accurate data. People experience several problems
car number, and the location of the accident are sent to the as a result of the centre locking mechanism; this paper will
medical rescue team as seen in Figure 8(b). offer a good solution to this problem. This paper offers a
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Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2022 7

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