BABY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IoT

ABINESH A RAGUL J
Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering
\line 1: 1st Given Name Surname Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai Institute of Technology
Department of Biomedical Engineering Kundrathur,Chennai-6000069 Kundrathur,Chennai-6000069
Chennai Institute of Technology [email protected] [email protected]
Kundrathur,Chennai-6000069

Abstract— This paper proposes the idea of automatic the system can alert parents or caregivers if there are any
caretaker room for a baby. The main motive of this idea is to safety concerns. The system in place, parents can rest easy
save time and energy of very busy parents. Working people are knowing that they will be alerted if there are any issues with
very busy these o, the whole room is set up as it can sense the their baby.. The formatter will need to create these
activities of the baby and work according to requirement. components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.
Parents can save their time and energy as they don’t have to go
and check their baby again and again until they don’t get any II. LITERATURE SURVEY
information about baby. Electric energy is also being saved
because the devices will work only when they are needed. [1]"A Real-Time Infant Breathing and Movement Monitor
There will not be any wastage of electric energy. The idea of Using Wireless Sensor Networks" by Kuo-Sheng Cheng,
this scenario is accomplished by using sensors and a Wen-Liang Hwang, Chih-Lin Chao, and Ching-Hung Lin
microcontroller. The sensors will sense the things happening (2015) This paper presents a real-time infant breathing and
and microcontroller will operate the devices under the movement monitor that uses wireless sensor networks
conditions the parents set for these devices. This system can (WSNs). The system consists of a wearable sensor node
provide continuous monitoring of the infant’s vital parameters that is attached to the baby's clothing and a base station that
and can be used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and
receives data from the sensor node. The sensor node
at home. A baby monitoring system using IoT (Internet of
Things) is a modern solution to help parents monitor their measures the baby's respiratory rate and movement, and the
infants remotely. The system uses various sensors and devices base station processes the data to detect abnormal events,
to track the baby's activities and sends alerts to the parents if such as apnea or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The
any abnormal conditions are detected. The system consists of system was tested on 10infants, and the results showed that
three main components: the baby monitoring device, the it accurately detected abnormal events with a
parent's mobile application, and the cloud-based server. The low false positive rate.
application provides real-time monitoring of the baby's [2] "Design and Implementation of a Wireless Baby
activities, such as sleeping patterns, feeding times, and diaper Monitoring System" by QiaoyanYu, Guanzhong Dai,
changes. It also sends alerts to the parent's device if any
unusual conditions are detected. The cloud-based server stores
Xiaowei Li, and Xiaoming Li (2016) This paper presents a
and analyses the data received from the monitoring device wireless baby monitoring system that uses ZigBee
technology to transmit data from the baby's room to a
Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key remote monitoring station. The system consists of a sensor
words) node that measures the baby's temperature, humidity, and
movement, and a base station that receives data from the
I. INTRODUCTION sensor node and sends it to the monitoring station. The
An IoT (Internet of Things) based baby monitoring monitoring station displays the
system can be a great way to keep an eye on your baby's baby's vital signs in real-time and sends alerts if abnormal
well-being and safety. The system typically consists of events are detected. The system was tested on a baby doll,
sensors, cameras, and other IoT devices that work together to and the results showed that it accurately
monitor the baby's environment, such as temperature, detected abnormal events.
humidity, movement, and sound. The data collected by these [3] "Smart Baby Monitoring System Using IoT and Machine
devices is then transmitted over the internet to a mobile Learning" by S.Sivakumar, A. N. Ananth, and K. V.
device or a computer were parents’ baby in real-time. The Govindan (2018)This paper presents a smart baby
baby monitoring system using IoT involves the use of
monitoring system that uses IoT and machine learning
sensors, cameras, and other devices that are connected to the
techniques to detect abnormal events and provide
internet and can transmit data in real-time. The IoT-enabled
baby monitoring system can be designed to monitor various recommendations to
aspects of a baby's safety and wellbeing, including their parents. The system consists of a sensor node that measures
crying ,temperature, breathing, and movement. The system the baby's temperature, heart rate, and movement, and sends
can send alerts to parents or caregivers if any anomalies are the data to a cloud server. The server processes the data
detected, enabling them to take immediate action. The using machine learning algorithms and sends alerts to the
system provides real-time updates on the baby's wellbeing, parents if abnormal events are detected. The system also
enabling parents or caregivers to respond quickly if there are provides personalized recommendations to parents based on
any issues. the baby's data, such as feeding or sleeping schedules.
The system can be accessed remotely, allowing parents to
[4] HYPERLINK \l "Shu16" 1] Wang, Hou and Gao
check on their baby's wellbeing from anywhere, anytime.
described a novel IOT access architecture. The proposed
The ability to monitor a baby's vital signs and movements,

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

architecture could provide unified access to various sensors and alert the parents or caregivers if anything unusual is
and actuators as well as high-speed devices, which meets detected. adding a buzzer to a baby monitoring system
real-time application requirements in IOT fields. Making can provide an additional layer of safety and peace of
full use of FPGA and SoC technologies, the system provides mind for parents or caregivers, helping them to quickly
powerful processing capability, excellent compatibility and respond to their baby's needs. The buzzer can be
expansibility while requiring less hardware resources and programmed to sound when the baby's cries reach a
reduced power consumption. By taking vehicle monitoring certain level of intensity or frequency, or when other
system as a typical example, we verified that the system sensors in the monitoring system detect irregularities in
the baby's vital signs.
achieved good performance in a practical application
scenario. C. Software programming
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM The Arduino software programming can be used in a
baby monitoring system to monitor the baby's movements,
A. Hardware components temperature, and sound. Here is a basic outline of how
IoT device: You will need an IoT device, such as a Arduino programming can be used for a baby monitoring
Raspberry Pi or an Arduino, to connect your sensors and system:
collect data. In our project we were used Arduino board. Hardware setup: The first step is to set up the hardware
components required for the baby monitoring system. This
Motion detection: An Arduino board can be used with
sensors such as ultrasonic or PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors may include sensors for detecting movement, temperature,
to detect the baby's movements in the crib. This can be and sound, as well as a microcontroller board such as the
helpful to alert the parents if the baby is awake or if there is Arduino.
any unusual movement. Sensor data collection: The next step is to collect data from
the sensors. This is done by connecting the sensors to the
Sound detection: An Arduino board can also be used microcontroller board and programming the board to read
with a microphone or sound sensor to detect the baby's cries data from them.
or other sounds. This can be helpful to alert the parents if the Data processing: Once the sensor data is collected, it needs
baby needs attention or if there is any unusual noise. to be processed to determine if the baby is sleeping or
Temperature detection: An Arduino board can be used awake, if the temperature is too high or too low, or if there
with a temperature sensor to monitor the baby's room are any unusual sounds.
temperature. This can be helpful to ensure that the baby is Alerts and notifications: Based on the processed data, alerts
comfortable and safe. and notifications can be generated to alert the parents or
Display: You may also want to include a display to show caregivers of any potential issues. This can be done through
real-time data from the sensors, such as heart rate, breathing text messages, email, or a mobile app.
rate, and temperature. You can use an LCD display. An LCD User interface: Finally, a user interface can be developed to
display can be a useful component in a baby monitoring allow the parents or caregivers to monitor the baby's status
system as it can provide visual feedback on the status of the in real-time. This can be a simple LED display or a more
system and the baby's environment . complex graphical user interface. Overall, Arduino software
programming can be used to create a simple yet effective
Relay module: The Relay module is designed to provide baby monitoring system that can help parents and caregivers
a reliable and secure connection between the baby
keep a close eye on their baby's well-being.
monitoring system and the user's mobile device or computer.
It typically uses Wi-Fi or cellular networks to transmit data,
and it may also have backup batteries or other features to
ensure that it remains operational in case of power outages
or other disruptions.

B. System setup
The Baby monitoring system setup by temperature, gas,
PIR detector, pulse sensor, sound sensor, Arduino board,
relay model, buzzer, jumper wires, lcd display
To set up a baby monitoring system using temperature,
gas, PIR detector, pulse sensor, sound sensor, Arduino
board, relay module, buzzer, jumper wires, and an LCD
display, you can follow these steps:
Connect the PIR detector, gas sensor, sound sensor, pulse
sensor, and temperature sensor to the Arduino board
using jumper wires. Upload the required code to the
Arduino board. Figure 1: System setup
Set up the buzzer to go off in case of any emergency,
like the detection of harmful gases or unusual sound
levels. Test the system to ensure it's working correctly.
Place the sensors in the baby's room and turn on the
system. The system will monitor the baby's environment
 IV. METHODOLOGY audible alert or display a visual alert, depending on the
design of the monitoring system.
Overview of IoT based
It is important to note that not all sounds made by a baby
monitoring
are cause for concern. Some baby monitors allow for
An IoT based baby monitoring system typically involves adjustable sensitivity levels, so that the sound sensor can
a network of interconnected devices that allow parents to be set to only pick up louder noises, such as crying or
monitor their baby remotely. This system is designed to keep fussing, while ignoring softer sounds like rustling or
track of a baby's activities, such as sleeping patterns, body breathing. This can help prevent false alarms and ensure
temperature, and movements, and provide parents with real-
that parents are only alerted when necessary. into electrical
time updates on their baby's well-being.
signals.
Here is an overview of the various components of an IoT PIR detector: A PIR detector can be used in a baby
based baby monitoring system: monitoring system to detect movement and heat signatures
Sensors: These are small, wireless devices that are placed in the room where the baby is sleeping. The detector can
on the baby's body or in the baby's crib to monitor vital signs sense changes in infrared radiation, which are emitted by
such as heart rate, breathing, and body temperature. all objects with a temperature above absolute zero.
When the baby moves or wakes up, the detector will pick
Gateway: A gateway device acts as a bridge between the up the movement and send a signal to the monitoring
sensors and the internet. It collects the data from the sensors system to alert the parents or caregivers. This can be
and transmits it to the cloud server. particularly useful for parents who want to monitor their
Cloud Server: This is where the data collected from the baby's movements and sleep patterns without disturbing
sensors is stored and analysed. The cloud server is also them. A passive Infrared movement detector is a type of
responsible for sending alerts and notifications to the parents' sensor used to detect motion. It works by sensing changes
mobile devices. in infrared radiation, which is emitted by all living things
as heat. When a person, animal or other warm object
Wearable Devices: These are small devices that can be
attached to the baby's clothing or worn on the wrist to track moves within the range of the sensor, the PIR detects the
the baby's movements and sleeping patterns. change in infrared radiation and triggers an alarm or other
device, such as turning on a light.
Overall, an IoT based baby monitoring system provides However, it is important to note that PIR detectors are
parents with peace of mind by allowing them to keep track of not fool proof and may not pick up on all movements or
their baby's well-being, even when they are not in the same changes in the room. Therefore, they should be used in
room. conjunction with other monitoring methods, such as audio
A. Sensor or video monitoring, to ensure the baby's safety and well-
Temperature and humidity sensor: A temperature being. Additionally, it is important to ensure the PIR
sensor can be a useful component in a baby monitoring detector is set up properly and tested before use to avoid
system. It can be used to track the temperature in the baby's false alarms or missed detections.
room and alert parents if it falls outside of a safe range. There
are different types of temperature sensors available for use in Gas sensor: A gas sensor can be a useful component in a
baby monitoring systems. Some sensors are designed to be baby monitoring system as it can detect the presence of
placed in the baby's crib or room, while others can be worn harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, or
by the baby as a wearable device. volatile organic compounds in the baby's environment.
These gases can pose serious health risks to infants,
The temperature sensor can be connected to a monitor or
including respiratory problems, nausea, headaches, and
app that sends alerts to the parent's smartphone or other
even death in extreme cases. It is also important to note
device. This allows parents to be notified immediately if the
temperature in the baby's room falls outside of a safe range, that while gas sensors can provide valuable information
such as if the room gets too cold or too hot. about the baby's environment, they should not be relied
upon as the sole means of monitoring the baby's health and
It is important to note that temperature sensors should be safety.
used in conjunction with other safety measures, such as A gas sensor can be a useful component in a baby
ensuring that the baby's crib is positioned away from monitoring system to detect potentially harmful gases,
windows and heat sources, and that the baby is dressed such as carbon monoxide or natural gas, in the baby's
appropriately for the temperature. The temperature sensor environment. These gases can be particularly dangerous
is just one tool that can help parents ensure that their baby for infants, who are more vulnerable to the harmful effects
is safe and comfortable. of these substances than adults.
A gas sensor can be integrated into a baby monitoring
Sound sensor: A sound sensor is a commonly used system to continuously monitor the air quality in the baby's
component in baby monitoring systems. The purpose of the room, and alert caregivers if dangerous levels of gas are
sound sensor is to detect any sounds that the baby makes detected. The sensor can also be configured to trigger an
and transmit that information to the receiver unit. This alarm or notification, allowing parents or caregivers to take
allows parents or caregivers to be alerted if the baby is immediate action to protect the baby.
crying or making any other noises.
The sound sensor typically consists of a microphone that is Pulse sensor: A pulse sensor in a baby monitoring system
placed near the baby's sleeping area. When the baby makes can be a useful tool for monitoring the heart rate of a baby.
a noise, the microphone picks up the sound and sends it to The pulse sensor can be attached to the baby's body,
the receiver unit. The receiver unit can then emit an
usually to the foot or the wrist, and it will continuously Many modern baby monitoring systems also include
monitor the baby's heart rate. additional features such as temperature sensors, motion
In a baby monitoring system, the pulse sensor will sensors, and even the ability to remotely control the
typically be connected to a monitor, which will display the camera or play lullabies. Overall, the working principle of
baby's heart rate in real-time. If the heart rate goes outside a baby monitoring system is to provide parents and
of a normal range, an alarm will sound to alert the caregivers with real-time information about their baby's
caregiver. This can be particularly useful for parents who well-being, allowing them to respond quickly to any issues
want to keep an eye on their baby's health, especially if the or concerns.
baby has a history of heart problems. Let us break down the block diagram and understand each
It is important to note that a pulse sensor is not a substitute component in detail:
for medical care, and if you have concerns about your
baby's health, you should always consult a healthcare Sound Sensor: This sensor detects the sound level in the
professional. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the baby's room and sends the information to the transmitter. If
pulse sensor is properly calibrated and that the baby is the sound level goes above a certain threshold, it triggers
comfortable with the sensor attached to their body. an alarm on the receiver.
Motion Sensor: This sensor detects the motion of the baby
and sends the information to the transmitter. If there is no
motion for a certain period, it triggers an alarm on the
receiver.
Temperature Sensor: This sensor measures the
temperature in the baby's room and sends the information
to the transmitter. If the temperature goes above or below a
certain threshold, it triggers an alarm on the receiver.
Microcontroller Unit: This is the brain of the transmitter.
It receives signals from the various sensors and processes
the data before transmitting it to the receiver. It also
controls the various alarms and alerts.
Receiver: This unit receives the signals from the
transmitter and alerts the caregiver through audio or visual
alarms in case of any abnormality in the baby's room.
C. Challenges and Problems
The Baby monitoring systems are designed to provide
parents with peace of mind by allowing them to keep an eye
on their baby's safety and well-being. However, there are
several challenges and problems that can arise when using
Figure 2:Block diagram such systems.
Here are some of the common challenges and problems for
baby monitoring systems:
B. Working Principle False alarms: Baby monitors can be prone to false alarms,
such as detecting movements or sounds that are not actually
A baby monitoring system typically consists of a baby
caused by the baby. This can lead to unnecessary stress and
monitor device
disruption for the parents.
placed near the baby and a receiver device carried by the
Connectivity issues: Many baby monitors rely on wireless
parent or caregiver. The monitor device uses a microphone
connectivity, and if the signal is weak or lost, the system
to pick up sounds from the baby's room and transmit them
may stop working. This can be particularly problematic if
wirelessly to the receiver device.
parents rely on the system to alert them to potential dangers.
There are two types of baby monitoring systems: audio-
Limited range: Most baby monitors have a limited range,
only and audio-visual. Audio-only monitors transmit only
which means they may not be effective if parents are in a
sound, while audio-visual monitors transmit both sound
different room or outside of the house. This can limit the
and video.
usefulness of the system.
In an audio-only monitoring system, the microphone in the
Security risks: Baby monitoring systems that rely on internet
baby monitor detects sounds and converts them into
connectivity can be vulnerable to hacking and other security
electrical signals, which are then amplified and transmitted
breaches. This can put the baby's safety and privacy at risk.
wirelessly to the receiver device. The receiver device
Dependence on technology: Parents may become overly
contains a speaker that reproduces the sounds, allowing the
reliant on baby monitoring systems, which can lead to a
parent or caregiver to hear the baby's cries, gurgles, and
false sense of security. They may also become anxious or
other noises.
stressed if the system stops working or malfunctions.
In an audio-visual monitoring system, a camera is also
Cost: Baby monitoring systems can be expensive,
included in the baby monitor device. The camera captures
particularly if they include advanced features such as video
video of the baby and transmits it wirelessly to the receiver
monitoring or remote access. This can make them
device, which typically has a screen that displays the video
inaccessible for some families.
feed. This allows the parent or caregiver to not only hear
Mobile monitoring: Some baby monitoring systems are
but also see the baby.
designed to be portable, allowing parents to monitor their
baby's activities while on the go, such as during car trips or the baby's activity level, heart rate, or other vital signs fall
when away from home. outside of normal ranges. This can help parents and
Many modern baby monitoring systems also include caregivers act quickly to address any health concerns.
additional features such as temperature sensors, motion • Enhanced safety: IoT-based baby monitors can provide
sensors, and even the ability to remotely control the camera enhanced safety features, such as temperature and humidity
or play lullabies. Overall, the working principle of a baby sensors, that can help prevent accidents and ensure a safe
monitoring system is to provide parents and caregivers with sleeping environment for the baby.
real-time information about their baby's well-being,
allowing them to respond quickly to any issues or concerns These sensors track the baby's activities and send the data to
Overall, baby monitoring systems can be a useful tool for the cloud-based server through a wireless network. The
parents, but it is important to be aware of the potential parent's mobile application is used to access the data sent
challenges and problems associated with their use. from the monitoring device. The application provides real-
time monitoring of the baby's activity.
V.APPLICATION
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
A baby monitoring system is an electronic device that helps
parents or caregivers keep an eye on a baby's activities and Conclusion: A baby monitoring system is an important tool
well-being. Some of the applications of a baby monitoring for parents to keep an eye on their child's safety and well-
system include: being. There are many different types of baby monitoring
Audio and video monitoring: A baby monitoring system can systems available, including audio monitors, video monitors,
provide parents with real-time audio and video of their and sensor monitors.
baby's activities, enabling them to keep an eye on their child Audio monitors allow parents to hear their baby's sounds
without being in the same room. and cries from another room, while video monitors provide a
Movement tracking: Some baby monitoring systems come live video feed of the baby's room. Sensor monitors track the
with sensors that can track the baby's movements and alert baby's movements and can detect changes in breathing
the parents if there is any unusual activity or if the baby patterns or heart rate.
stops moving. Overall, a baby monitoring system can provide peace of
Sleep tracking: A baby monitoring system can also track a mind for parents, especially during the early stages of a
baby's sleep patterns and provide parents with information baby's development when they are most vulnerable. It is
about the duration and quality of their baby's sleep. important to carefully research and choose a reliable and
Temperature monitoring: Some baby monitoring systems secure baby monitoring system that meets the specific needs
come with temperature sensors that can monitor the of each family.
temperature of the baby's room, ensuring that the room is Future scope: The proposed system monitors the baby
neither too hot nor too cold for the baby. whether the baby is sleeping or not and checks the room’s
Breathing monitoring: Some baby monitoring systems come condition is favourable for baby or not. Parents can also
with sensors that can monitor a baby's breathing and alert check them babies from another room at home. For short
parents if there is any irregularity or if the baby stops range communication they can use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
breathing. technologies. GSM in a baby monitoring system has several
Mobile monitoring: Some baby monitoring systems are advantages. It allows parents to monitor their baby from
designed to be portable, allowing parents to monitor their anywhere, if they have a mobile device with them and there
baby's activities while on the go, such as during car trips or is cellular network coverage. It also provides a secure and
when away from home. reliable way to transmit audio and video signals, as cellular
networks use encryption to protect data.
VI.RESULTS
A baby monitoring system using IoT can provide several
benefits for parents and caregivers. Here are some possible
results of using such a system:
• Real-time monitoring: IoT-based baby monitoring systems
can provide real-time monitoring of a baby's movements,
sounds, and activities. This can help parents and caregivers
stay informed about their baby's well-being and respond
quickly to any issues.
• Remote access: IoT-based baby monitors can be accessed
remotely through a smartphone app or web interface. This
means that parents and caregivers can keep an eye on their
baby even when they are away from home.
• Data tracking: IoT-based baby monitors can track and store VII. REFERENCES
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