Controlled Assessment - Additional Science / Physics ISA PU2.x Friction (Specimen) For moderation in May 20yy Teachers’ Notes ‘This ISA relates to Additional Science / Physics Unit 2: 2.1.3 Forces and braking Topic of investigation Section P2.1.3f; A vehide's braking distance can be affected by adverse road and weather Condlions and poor condition ofthe vehicle, Overview Candidates shoul ‘develop hypotheses andplan practical ways to tet them ‘make risk assessments and manage risks when carying out practical work + collect, process, analyse and interpret primary and secondary deta, ining the us technology to draw evidence-based conclusions. + review methodology to assess ness for purpose, and reviow predictions in light of outcomes, of approrrate Candidates should be toldto Investigate a factor that may affect the friction between a moving ‘object and the surface. “They vill need to produce thelr own hypothesis and research a plan. ‘The teacher should describe the context in which the investigation i st. Candidates need to develop ther own hypothesis. They should research two possible methods to. Investigate and develop a detald plan for one of these methods Candidates wil need to decide which variables need tobe controled inorder to investigate the Frypothesis and research a method that could be used, wih particular reference to hazards an risk assessment, In Section 1 ofthe ISA, candates willbe required to provide a full plan of the method tht they have ‘chosen to use. ‘Once the candidates have esearchod and written up thelr own plan in the fst part of the ISA they ‘should carry out thr investigation providing tha his Is workable, valig, safe and manageable inthe laboratory Risk Assessment Iti the responsibilty ofthe certo to ensure that a risk assessment is cared out‘Stage 1 — Planning (Limited contro!) Teachers should provide the candidates with a Candidate Research Notes Form. {In Additional Science end Physies teachers should instruct the canclidates to write thelr hypothesis and the chosen context on thelr Candidate Research Notes Candidates should be given the opportunity to plan an investigation to test thar hypothesis, ‘The investigation shouldbe set in a context by the teacher. Examples of sutable contexts could include, the design of car tyres or road surfacos. Whichever conten Is chosen, the teacher must take Care to present itin such a way that it doesnot fit the candidates’ choles of method forthe Investigation. Teachers should instuct the candidates to wit thelr hypothesis and the chosen context on ther Candidate Research Notes, Candidates shoul then independently research an appropriate plan to tet the hypothesis and decide {or themselves factors such asthe range, interval and numberof repeat readings that they should take, and the variables that need tobe controled. They should use at least two sources for ls resoarch, ‘They wil need to undertake independent research to identty two methods that could be used. During ths time they may make upto one AA side of thir own Candidate Research Notes for use during ‘Section 1 and Section 2 ofthe ISA. The Candidate Research Noles eheat must be used for tis, purpose, For their research candidates may use technology such asthe internet or CD-ROMs, textbooks or any ‘other spproprate sources of information. Candidates should also research how the resuts ofthe Investigation might be useful in the specified context. ‘There is no settime alocation for ths research, but itis anticipated that t should take no longer than 3 hhou's of work. This research may Be done inthe laboratory or elsewhere. “The teacher should chock and sign the Candidate Rosearch Notes before allowing the candidate to use them during the completion of Section 1 of the ISA. These must be checked to ensure they do not Include plagarsed text ora pre-prepared draft. The candidate may Use these notes wile competing ‘Section 1 and Section 2 ofthe ISA. When the candidate has completed Section 2, the Candidate Research Notes should be stapled tothe ISA. Stage 2 ~ Reporting on the planning research (High control) For this stage, candidates must work individually under direct supervision [After he Stage 1 planing session, candidates should be given Section 1 of the ISA and should work fn ther oan, under contollad condition, to answer. Candidates should take ther Candidate Research Notes into the formal assessment Section 4 will require them to: + stato and explain thei hypothesis *+ consider the variables (independent, dependent and conto) that they wil nee to ‘menage during the investigation ‘+ report on ther research into how o test thelr hypothesie ‘+ wte a detailed plan oftheir chosen method ‘+ ite a brie outine of an etorative method and explain why twas not chosen ‘+ denity possible hazards and write down how the risks may be minimised ‘+ draw a blank table suitable forthe mettod they have planned, Candidates may choose to use technology to draw the taba, e.g. @ computer spreed sheet. “This must be done under the direct supervision ofthe teacher, and may bo dane at any convenient time between the planning session in Stage 1 and the completion of Section 1 ofthe ISA. \While answering Section 1 ofthe ISA, candidates must not be alowed to use notes, textbooks, the Internat or any other source of helo apar from ther own Candidate Research Notes,Stage 3 ~ Practical Work (Limited contro!) For this part of the investigation candidates may work individually or in groups. Candidates may workin groups to cary out tht plans, but each candidate must contibute tothe ‘collection of data ‘Candidates may use appropriate technology during the practical work, @.9. dala loggers or sensors. Ifthe candidate is going to cary out his or her own plan thon the teacher may photocopy the pan from ‘Section 1 ofthat candidate's ISA. This photocopy may then be given tothe candidate to use dung the practical session. tthe teachor dooms thatthe plan produced by the candidate is inva, unworkable, unsafe, unmanageable or for ary other reason uneulable, then the teacher may provide a method. ‘An example ofa sultable method is attached to these notes. Candidates may use ther own biank table forthe results providing that this has already been marked by the teacher. Alternatively the teacher may provide a Blank table Torte results: *+ ifthe table produced bythe candidate is inadequate - in which case the candidate would not be ‘able fo score full marks fr producing a table + Ifthe candidate caries out an investigation from a method provided by the teacher, or the teacher prefers that the candidates use a partcular format in which case the candidate would be able fo score full mars for producing their own table Stage 4 ~ Processing primary data (High control) For this part ofthe investigation candidates must work individually under direct supervision. Candidates shouldbe given back ther table of results, ora table containing the pooled rosuls ofthe class, and asked to display theso on a bar chart or line graph. Candidates must decide for themselves \which format isthe more appropriate for any particular investigation. Candidates may use appropriate technology todo this, e.9. a graph-drawing program on a computer. a candidete chooses to use a computer, hs must be dane under the direct supervision of the teacher and must be printed straightaway. Candidates should not be allowed to take thor rosults end chart or graph away: the teacher must collect them a the end ofthe lesson and mark thom before Stage 6. Stage 5 - Analysing results (High control) For this part of the Investigation candidates must work individually under direct supervision. AQA will provide a Secondary Data Sheet. ‘The candidates should also be givon a table of results fom other candidates Inthe clase, or the teacher’ results, Candidates should use the results of others fo analyse tho vay of the resus, Candidates should be glen Section 2of te ISA They should also be giver “their own table of results ‘reminder ofthe context in which the investigation was set their own chart or graph ‘the Secondary Data Sheet supplied by AQA. + thei own Candidate Research Notes. “The teacher should have recorded the marks foreach candidate's table and graph/chart before these are given back. This wil ensure that a candidate cannot gain an unfair advantage by making any ‘atteratione to them at this stage, ‘Any candidate who does not take an active par in the practial work eannot score any ‘marks for Section 2 of the ISA‘Section 2 wil require candidates to: analyse their own results draw a conclusion ‘match the achieved results to the hypothesis they investigated ‘evaluate the methad of collection and the quality ofthe resulting data ‘analyse futher secondary data drawn from the same topie area as thir orignal investigation relate tir fncingsto tho context etn the ISA,er Pec? Method Sheet Additional Science / Physics Controlled Assessment PU2.x Friction (Specimen) ‘This method could be used to investigate the folowing hypothesis: ‘amount of fiction depends on the roughness of the surface ‘You wil nood to propare a table forthe results. Equipment ‘Tg riass ‘Small plastic box (e.g. margarine tub) Elastic band Gclamps Ruler Method: 1. Place the 1 kg mass inthe small plastic box. 2. Stretch the elastic band between two suitable fixed supports, 9 2 G-clamps, one on each side ofthe bench, ‘3. Pull the elastic band back and use it to catapult the box containing the 1 kg mass go that it sides along the bench 4, Measure the distance travelled by the box. Repeat using different types of surface Capa © 212 AGN anna. areaISA Explanation Sheet “This sheet should accompany each ISA AQY Neer 78 Saad 10/5/11 18a Cote Pu2.tx naneotteem | J. Harrison 18A Tee Friction Did the candidates use thelr own plans? YES for Carats 1235 ‘Any other information: TNO give deta of any changes you made for this investigation She decided to ectgee friction by alas « Beck of wd toc don 1 plac Teacher ‘Signature: TH anvieon Please attach any experimental worksheet or outline used by the candidates to carry out the Investigation,Cee Eee’ entero sterun Crd For uso with: GCSE Science A Route 1 (4405) GCSE Scionce A Route 2 (4406) ‘Additional Science Route 1 (4408) Additional Scionce Route 2 (4408) logy (4404) Chemistry (4402) Physics (4403) ‘scasp ASAP, BLP cHaP PHAP: Centre Number _98765_ Centre Name __The Mew Aeademy Candidate Name are Thomeon_ ‘Candidate Number _ 255. Investigation Tie Frio 1sacoce__ PU. te. ‘The only notes the candidate takes into the Controlled Assessment are to be recorded Inthe spaces on this sheet ‘This sheet should be given tothe teacher for checking before Its used In Section + of tha ISA, When Section 1 ofthe ISA has beer: complete, this sheet should be retained by the teacher for subsoquont use with Section 2 When Section 2 of the ISA has been completed, this sheet shouldbe staplod to i Dectaration | confim that these re the only notes used inthe Controlled Assessment. (ow JL m vate: 3/7 This form can be downloaded from Secure Key Materials on e-AQA SCENCEIN _Toseehow AOA cone wth be a Pci 8 ple ssa Py Ser ag. ok yi 0100A ke 8 ae ‘hrs Oatentrs rJ con td gate gt na ene RO ‘atime septa cyfoes uy toe Wen Aenea a bee i ace WU 1wos The more weight there ic o we object elidig ware « curse, the mire (isin there wil be ~ righ surfaces have anal prt tht dip esvachsouren The tatarnet: bts fan vrgnasda/ap/ SefaseSeaey/fistin hind Hlecced LEVEL Phice by HBbet was + Pat « Moh on «ely plale ad te it 0 it ast etants tool + Mian the aight o0 he bck + Mesure bight of pla whee i uct etrte to obo Equpmant + Pluk + Stad ad olay « Rilo « Blob © Meghte ‘Ra asaeernaTT ETE + Doct doap the nights on your fut cont «Red cxrfsee Reng te Investonton tothe contest + Aili oid cxrfose at red justinetee [9] ¢ [716] [eee [7 [2] | 6 |[twanu — Thomson poe Tene hve ain wer croc fomyon er fyar sen ney ot ey are) Sede, ‘ecton [ane alr Deon Tv in oon ne Can ane a a ee a race a Secion (Some OT Thowave Yt pa TOTAL A A General Cerificate of Secondary Education ‘1750 Qa rete Additional Science / Physics (Specimen) AS4P/PH4P/PU2.x Controlled Assessment ISA PU2.x Friction Section 1 For moderation in May 20%x Time alowed 45 minitos Instvctons Information + Use lack nk or black bal po pe, +The mater questons are shown nacht 2 Fain the bos ate top of page. {he masinum maker Secon #2, '* Answer all questions in the spaces provided '* The maximum mark for the Controlled ‘sonst Units 80, + You are reminded of tho noes or good Engoh and dar presentation n your answors. + Do al cough work inthis book ‘+ Gross through any work you do not want to be marked Details of adetional assistance (any), Has he candle rcavedery hap or ormaton fam anys ar Fa] te subjet teaches abe poduten ott wor? Ihe arama Yup Ws en oo ra sopates poe Ives [] No [7 “Teacher Declaration con Pete canes work wa conducted unde he coins alt uy spetaon. have auhersostd ‘candle work ands staf tat ote bet omy knowedpe De wrk posiced = sly that oft conc Sante of tacor ai Date... ‘TaFELgasercingt ee mere fone ri cA wn ase rons on wae Secaatona apie Mieurhay ewtte er Su nse ropehatroaniaae esa ane Saw ‘ive we maroon he on enteoneae rei tes awa coors Bee coos aan ‘aah AOA amps wth Bt Pen A 108 en ono Pay Sno aaWit do your hypothesis, Expisin wy you made ts hypohoss. Hrpotenis../Chi tat the muh of oe ejeat wil wale a diffrcece tothe enert a frist, The heavier ar ohjeat ithe mare iste there al be, xplanation..7he erfe ofa objeat i at extirely anoth, fy could lok at sith a msrscpe goa weal ou lte of ting harp poet, These di txt the curfecs it it ellig ov ed make th farae of frst Uf the object i hewn, on tf gee prose clove tn it, mare of the poate will be pushed iets the other co “Think about the research that you did for your investigation. Identity two sources that you used for your research, The tntereat: bts fama: vg. naan Mal Aloarced LEVEL Pisa by Abb. Which of these sources was the more usefut? ‘Why was this source better than the other source? Abrrced LEVEL Physce by Abbot bases it hd « reall god ect nfo and told we the diffrence between cli ed Myenis frist, (tabs had «nathed for Jiveetgatig how to measure eats fret, (8 marks)3 “ne 3 Inthis question you wil be assessod on using good English, organising information clearly and using sciertife words where appropriate. From the research that you have done, descrbe in detall how you are gong todo your investigation, You should incude: the equipment you plen to use how you vl use the equipment the measurements yos are going to make ‘how you will make the investigation a fair test arisk assessment. an gg to tea Bak of wad ad sat t 00a plac, Thee | a gong to life re ced of the pla ante the bl jut tart ta lide, The higher (have to Ut the lark, the greater the fictive atl be, Thea (with edd weghte 0 tp of the Vlck te inorease the dearward farce ard spat (i the pla nti it starts novi. (et reaowre the eagle of the plah when the beck state moved thir wilt be ax sedation of the frstnsl for 1 an gc te repeat each weight three tines to wake care that (dont have any rons resales, aed ther cabulite «net There are rat many hacrde thi experinert, The oly th have ts be cared of ‘it to wale cure that the blok dover fall of the end of the placard hart concer, Ta wake eure tht dest hayee 1am goin to puta eep of woe crac the end of the pla 0 make care that the aight deca tll off ee each Cine. ~ - Bun Continue your answer on the next page Turn ever >5 = 4 Inyourresoarch, you wil have found other methods that you could have used. (Outine one other method that you could have uso. Exglain why you decided not to use this method. coll have dene the asporinent by tye a pice of ctvng to the bok and passing the trig wer a pelley, The hang aighte ov the athe end of the sri ad keep aig soghte etl the Mak etarted to tle tdo thi basse | thaght the pulig wight add come ist, 5 Make sure that you hand in your Candidate Research Notes and your blank table forthe ‘results wit this paper. ‘You wil be awarded upto two marks for your table, (2merts) END OF QUESTIONS mace sch wena Aan ‘Tur ever >GCSE SCIENCE Controlied Assessment (new spec) ‘Commentary on Exemplar ISA (Candldate - Jane Thomson ~ Scare 41/50) ‘Adaltional Science / Physics PU2x Friction Fe Comment Section 4 “There isa pausibi hypothesis that kent the Independent and the dependent variable. “There isan explanation which has cleaty ome from the candidate's research, ‘The candidate has clearly Wentiied two relevant eouroes and has explained wiry one of them is more useful, but has not commented onthe other one, ‘The equipment thatthe candidate proposes to use is described and ls ‘appropriate, although there is no dota concerning the type of block to be Uses. “The method is reasonably clear and another person should be abe o follow this method and obtain vali results "No contol variables have been stated, other than the fac that the same block ‘of wood wil be used each time, although the candidate has sai thatthe ‘experiment willbe repeated three times foreach woight and a mean Calculated. ‘Tho rsk assessment contains an identfetion ofthe hazard (the block faling ‘ff the end of the pian), ne associated rik (hurting someone) anc a contol measure (the stp of woad across the endo the plank) “The method is described ina logical sequence of steps, with afew technical torms (og anomalous), ‘The spelng, punctuation and grammar areal very goo. ‘On a ‘best bass, this answer just fs int the top band, and should be awarded 6 macs, “The candidate has described an atemative method and suggested wavy the alternate might not be as good. Its bordetine botwoen 2 marks and 3 marks, therefore use aD’ for SoubL 30) In spite of the fact that, nthe method, the candidate has statod the intention to| ‘measure the angle ofthe plank, this would tl be an soceptabe sat of ‘measurements to take. The taba is compste and contains al the required lements Total for Section 1 16@.No. Section 2 Mas 4) ‘The candidate has correctly identified from the results that the hypothesis Is supported, ‘The statoment identines a pattem and is supported by numerical evidence fora the resus 100) ‘The candidate has stated thatthe results should be reproducible. The ‘explanation concerning the repeats is acceptable and ls supports by numerical tevdence fom the resus, ‘seni “The candidate has stated that a mean shoul be taken, but has not explained | how todo this. However, te reterence to roducing the effect of random eros ‘means that this answer worth more than just 1 mark. 10) ‘The answer clearly implies that the candiato understands the meaning ofthe {erm ‘anomalous result ‘and the candidate has quoted an example from the results to support this. 1) ‘The most probable cause ofthe largest error has been dented, and a suggestion mae as how to deal with his. However, there is no explanation Fegarcing how tis might reduce the eror ‘Both axes are labeled correct, eventhough It would be mare conventional to abel them the other way round. The shape of the Ine i aporoprat, ab \e) “The candidate has recognised that Case Study 1 and Case Study 2 bath support the hypothesis. However, there is no reference to Case Study 3. “There is sufcient in the way of dtaled explanation for Case Studies 1 and 2 to allow 2 marks to be awarded. 2b) “The candidate has made a correct qualtatve statement about Case Study 4, which, by implication, shows thatthe data supports the hypothesis, and hae ‘quoted some quantiative data in suppor. The candidat has also made reference tothe intations of the evidence. Because ofthis, the candidate can be awarded 3 mark. ‘An appropriate idea hs ben reiatod tothe context, and ideas from the research have Geely been applied, abet na simple way. ‘Both axes are labelled correctly and the plo are correct. However, the candidate would have done better by drawing the graph by hand instead of using Excel as the line isnot a fine of best ft ‘Total for Section 2 25 ‘Total for both sections 450i Toe MSSCr Siow ener nui wepy amy oath ye yu oe aoe Seton | ark ‘Renesas tose won lavsnersne farncwhcnsccemm se | | SCENE ES T Thanase ma | A General Certificate of Secondary Education AQY vro20 Additional Science / Physics (Specimen) AS4P/PH4P/PU2.X Controlled Assessment ISA PU2.x Friction - Section 2 For moderation in May 20yy For this paper you must have: Tests ables td chars or graphs rom your own vestigation your Canta Research nice = Secondary Osta Sheet panel ad ur “Yeu use aca. “Time allowed 50 minutos Instructions Information "Use back nk or lack ballpoint pen ‘The mars for questions are shown in * Filin te boxes at a op ofthis pope. brackets {+ Answer all uostins inthe spaces provises «The masini mark fr Seton 2820, + Dosa rough workin this Book. Cross hough a ton *The maximum mark othe Cota eens fh any work you donot” agsassmont Unt 0, + You ae reindod fo nod or good Engl ard oar pesenaton a your Detals of adaRiona eslatance (Wf any, Haa he candidat roaved sy helper oration For enone ae thane stecttoocors) nthe pecucton aris wort? Ith arewers ys go tha dis lo cons spas page, he] [a the canada take an active part inthe practical? ‘vee [¥] No ‘Teacher Declaration: Sere sc a et venom Signature of teacher Titer Date... ietermtona men cease emma eae eames Saimn setae oie metros Ort “ann now NA capes a ata Pit A 88 ine vn Phy Sn some100) 100) 10) 4) (0) ‘Do your resus support the hypothesis you investigated? ‘You should use any patter that you can see in your resis to support your arswer. ‘You should include examples from your results oe thay &, The haven the Kah, the yresten the frst My graph ehowe a pattern, the lie ie oop puarde, Wher the ich meghed 11 rants, the height th plac hd tobe lfed was saly 27 0, bat wher (read the meght fo #1 rants, hd ta ft the plaak $B 6m ha ihr th ef the plat ft, th ret he rae yoo pl the Kook dan the cle, wt mh re ft hat had to erotne ne pester : (marks) Reproducibity is important in experiments. (Do you think that your resus are reproducible by other people? Use examples from your results o explain the reason for your answer. 1 thick ng reales would be repredeibl f thay weed the sine Boch ed the come pla that (dd (hd the hase (repute the print tee tn fu each igh, ed ll the reabte wore pri ele te eth tthe... res For exarpl, wb pl ft at th, te i were 47, #8 ard #9 om, eimarks) Describe in cota how you could use repeated readings to bain more accurate resus, GU coctl ax shar pple’ results ox well ac wine (wal have noe to ae to salealate the average, td that wold mee tht en rardoneorore wuld hare lee cijot, (wre wake tre tht thre ware oa exanales recut ithe gr, eccase (uodd have ta gt wil of those fret bfere working oxt the average a10) 10) Dia you got any anomalous results? Explain your answer, ‘Your explanation should include examples from your resus, Yes, (dil pt ot lart oe eanalns rece, The svcd try whee the might was 1 sewton (att the Keck sete oun) ws 25m, bt the ft ad last trce ware 20 and 19 om, 25 segue 0 ht ware percetagonite end (thc the was probly wren, chal have doe thie wo spe. (Simars) “Most experiments contain erors or uncertainties. \What do you think was the cause of the largest eroror uncertainty in your investigation? The biggect error was it jel whee the Mook had etarted slag, (teal really ave been engshereaithic¢nsre of what (ete mearred. \What you could do to reduce the sizeof tis error you were to repeat the investigation? Explain your answer. U don't thick there 2 wach 1 coahd do other thar delete mare repeate.24) 2(b) 4 ‘You have been given a Secondary Data Sheet that provides results from similar investigations. ‘Draw a sketch graph ofthe results in Case study 4 ‘The graph should show how the amount of ction varie with the roughness ofthe surface. Raghrese eee eee ee eee (2marks! Farce ‘A manufacturer of car tyres is investigating how to increase the friction between the tyre ‘and tho roa. “The manutacturo’s hypothesis "The rougher the road surface the greater the fletion between the road and the tyre? 2(b)(), Look at Case studies 1, 2 and 3 Explain whether or not the resus n Case studies 1, 2 and 3 suppor this hypothesis. ‘To gain full marks, your explanation should include appropriate examples from Case Studies 1,2 and 8. Case Stady 1 des eygpart the marefectaree hypothe, Thi ic bcsase the reeplar the surface the mare farce i rede t yet it novi, Case Stady 2 ler exports the hypothe beesace on the ensoth conemele cnrfuce the graph chou that the car tok «lot lager to ep, Thir eae that there wast have beer las frist thax thare war on the rough tare, (merks)2 (OY) Look at Case Sudy 4, Towhat extent do te resuts shown support tha manufacturer's hypothesis? Explain your answer. Case Stady 4 ales expparte the hypothesic. The graph chews that at all speede the clap dance it yreater on ice than it iron @ dog read, Far example at 60 1h the soypg ditarse i 50 wotres va day road bat 120 motoes 4 blsh ie share there is mach lese friction becaase ii ensther, The tale thagh cone yt «lt of ari ad shay dope shan thige lle the type of tyre gor are ang, Tyra C in th bast 0 dry reads, bt thre tet nach dfercac betwcor then el nwt roe o og rade (marks) 3 How could the resuts from your investigation be useful inthe context you have researched? ‘You may use information from your Candidate Research Notes to help you to anewer this question. My invert tet gag C0 be mach help to red deapare beoaase [was investigating if the weight wade eng difference tothe friton and you cue t nals spl 100 ey veg hey €0%6 os The infrnaton othe data thet sald be atefad cate it chow that rnghar reed eure give mare friction ie ax emergoney etep, have fra st that afte act before dageroa rani Chat et down 6 apecitlexface that ir reaghar thar the rest of the rou, They do't wale the wwhle read the thie busses yon dont ato» mach fron arlae yar dog ex emergeneg Sip... (@merks) 4 Make sure that you hand in your Cancldate Research notes, results tables, and chart or ‘raph with this paper. ‘You wil be awersed up to four marks for your chart or graph, (4 marks) END OF QUESTIONS: ‘ony 92012 ADA a essa A heeFalsalsla : ¥ |Jelalslal el a & 2 a 3 2| S| 8} &} 3) S| 2s z Aalaial as 3e4 H -|=|5/ 5] 5| Wo upesyes sem yuerd yBI0H Weight of block in newtonseae Pees Suc une Additional Science / Physics PU2.x Friction Case Study 1 {A student invstigated how the roughness ofa surface affected frition. ‘The student measured the force needed to make a block start moving on diferent surfaces, Surface that is — Block [> Force Here are some ofthe student's results. The surfaces are listed in order of roughness, Roughness of wurface Force needed to start BIoeK moving in Gass (east roush) Wood! iat ‘Sandpaper (most rough) ieee Case Study 2 ‘A local authorty is planning to resurface a major road and have asked the Transport and Road Laboratory (TRL) to do sore testing for them. The TRL has tested two diferent types of road surface, For cach surface they measured the stopping dstance when tyes of diferent tread depth were used “The tread depth isthe depth ofthe grooves that are cut into the surface ofthe te. ‘The reals are shown onthe graph below. "20 oy 30 35 70 a Be ‘Stopping distance in metresCase Study 3 “The diagram below shows the thinking distances, braking cstances and total stopping dlistancas at citferent speeds, Soe Ta Bt nays [spot 10mis nie ame eae Ttngaien Mage lites aero sesereremms “EE ‘Ria oping ccm mates. tread on Spm 30 mis en ak a i a a ee Case Study 4 ‘A tyre manufacturer has produced three new types of ye. ‘Their scientists testd the tyres by diving thom st 80km/h, then braking hard When they brakes hard, the wheals locked and stopped turing so that the car sli to hat ‘They then moasured the distance that the car si ‘Some oftheir resis are shown in the table below, and some are shown on the graph, Distance of slide in metres 1 1° T pry Read | Wet Road | tey Road | Mean a 100) 110 130 113 BS 30 720 140) 713) € 66 130 140 412, 80. 200} 20 Black too Stopping 200) aisanoe nmetes 150 100) ‘Bry rad surtace +0} °o te 20 504080 60 70 60 G0 100 ‘Spoed n miles per hourWOU BENT oF egETOT se TOOT ‘5 pousyod 04 0} aney sedeyns yEnas a1aym Buonoys y00q Ly aduuexe Ue pun}, !0@ pt UOREUEIEKO 1090 8 50 IER Uy ies exo eve se2euns yyoous osneaeq su HK 709 Po uonUEKKe JeoUT Ue 0 dw LW | jeuoropHy 284849 von ey ‘coeuns 10 ook o4n abueLe 14649 YUNA , 9 PNCO sTEEYPOdy 7 edweXD UY "ean 9 Red ‘ywo powered ou. | sk. 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