‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ‪6‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ‪:‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪2024‬‬

 ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬
‫❑ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫❑ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫➢ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫➢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫➢ ﺣﺬﻑﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫➢ ﺣﺬﻑﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫➢ ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬

‫❑ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ‬
‫➢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫➢‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎءﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫➢ ﻧﺪﺍء‬
‫➢ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫❑ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪2024‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺉﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ= ]'ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎء'‪' ،‬ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎء'‪[2000 ،1997،‬؛‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)"ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ ‪(":2‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔ]‪([2‬‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔ]‪2001= [2‬؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪:2‬‬

‫‪1997‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)"ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ ‪(":2‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪:2‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔ]‪([2‬‬
‫‪2001‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪Tuples:‬‬
‫➢ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻚﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫➢ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺏ‪34.56,12) =1‬‬
‫;('‪(;tup2 = )'abc', 'xyz‬‬

‫‪ #‬ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ '‪ 'tuple‬ﻻ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ‬
‫‪ #‬ﺗﻮﺏ‪100 = [0]1‬؛‪#‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺤﺬﻑ‪#‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ ‪TypeError:‬‬

‫‪ #‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺸﺊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺏ‪ )=3‬؛ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪tup1 + tup2‬ﺗﻮﺏ‪;(3‬‬
‫)‪، 'abc'، 'xyz'(34.56 ،12‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻛﻞﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ )‪ ،(:‬ﺍﻝﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻲءﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲﺃﻗﻮﺍﺱ ﻣﺠﻌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻓﺎﺭﻍﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.{}:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢﻧﻜﻮﻥﻓﺮﻳﺪﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻗﻴﻢﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻗﻴﻢﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ‪−‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ=}'ﺍﺳﻢ'‪':‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪',‬ﻋﻤﺮ'‪',7:‬ﻓﺼﻞ'‪':‬ﺃﻭﻻ'ً{‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)" ‪'[:‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ']‪,"dict‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﺳﻢ'[(‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)" ‪'[:‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ']‪,"dict‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﻋﻤﺮ'[(‬
‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ']‪dict‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ']‪7dict‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﺰءﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪−‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ= }'ﺍﻻﺳﻢ'‪':‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪' ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ'‪' ،7:‬ﻓﺼﻞ'‪':‬ﺃﻭﻻ'ً{‬

‫ﺍﻃﺒﻊ)"['‪," :dict]'Alice‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺃﻟﻴﺲ'[(‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ']‪dict‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ)ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺓ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ"‪ ،"test.py‬ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ‪ ،4‬ﻓﻲ >‪<module‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﺒﻊ‬
‫"‪'Alice'[: ", dict]'Alice'[; KeyError: 'Alice‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪-‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻑﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ‪−‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ=}'ﺍﺳﻢ'‪':‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪' ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ'‪' ،7:‬ﻓﺼﻞ'‪':‬ﺃﻭﻻ ً'{ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'[ =‪#;8‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ'[ ="ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺩﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺇﺱ"؛‪#‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻃﺒﻊ)"‪']dict‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'[( ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ )"‪']dict‬‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ'[(‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ']‪8dict‬‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ']‪dict‬ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺩﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺇﺱ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺬﻑﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ‪ ً،‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪ .del‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ‪−‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ= }'ﺍﻻﺳﻢ'‪' :‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪' ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'‪' ،7 :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻒ'‪' :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ'{ ﺩﻳﻞﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﺳﻢ‬

‫'[؛‪ #‬ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ 'ﺍﻻﺳﻢ' ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪.‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ)(؛‬
‫‪ #‬ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫‪#‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻞﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ؛‬

‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ']‪dict‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ)ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺓ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺒﻊ)"‪']dict‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ'[( ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ )"‪']dict‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ"‪ ،"test.py‬ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ‪ ،8‬ﻓﻲ >‪<module‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﺒﻊ"‪:dict]'Age'[: ", dict]'Age'[; TypeError‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ'[(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ'‪ 'type‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺬﻑ‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱﻗﻴﻢﻳﻤﻠﻚﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻛﺎﺉﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺜﻮﻥ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺉﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍء ﻛﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﻧﻘﻄﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﻫﻤﺎﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪-‬‬

‫)ﺃ(ﻻ ﻳﺴُﻤﺢ ﺑﺈﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻜﺮﺭﻣﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﻔﻮﺯ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ‪-‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ= }'ﺍﻻﺳﻢ'‪':‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪' ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ'‪' ،7:‬ﺍﺳﻢ'‪':‬ﻣﺎﻧﻲ'{‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)"‪']dict‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﺳﻢ'[(‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫‪'[:‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ']‪dict‬ﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫)ﺏ(ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﻛﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴُﻤﺢ ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺜﻞ ]'‪ .['key‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ‪−‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ= }]'ﺍﺳﻢ'[‪':‬ﺯﺍﺭﺍ'‪' ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ'‪{7:‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)"‪']dict‬ﺍﻻﺳﻢ'[‪," :‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ]'ﺍﺳﻢ'[(‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ)ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺓ(‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ"‪ ،"test.py‬ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ‪ ،3‬ﻓﻲ >‪<module‬‬
‫'‪: 'list‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺰﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪{; TypeError:‬‬
‫‪dict = }]'Name'[: 'Zara', 'Age': 7‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪,‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻷﺩﺍء ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺫﻱ ﺻﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫▪‬

‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻚ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫▪‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻚ ‪ Python‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔﻳﺤﺐﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)(‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫▪‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫▪‬

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 ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫❑ ﺗﺒﺪﺃﻛﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﺩﻳﻒﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﺱ)) ((‪.‬‬

‫❑ ﺃﻱﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﺠﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪.‬‬

‫❑ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎً ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫❑ ﺗﺒﺪﺃﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺑـﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ )‪(:‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﻨﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫❑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﻳﻌﻮﺩ]ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ[ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﻣﻊﻻ ﺣﺠﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻨﺎءﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻳﻒﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)ﺷﺎﺭﻉ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻒﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ)ﺣﺪﻭﺩ(‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)ﺷﺎﺭﻉ(‬ ‫"ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ"‬

‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ‬

‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ]ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ[‬

‫‪17‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻒﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ)ﺃ‪,‬ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ #‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ=ﺃ‪+‬ﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻒﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)ﺷﺎﺭﻉ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ(‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)ﺷﺎﺭﻉ(‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ #‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ)‪(5,6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)"ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ"(‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎءﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫➢ ﻳﺆﺩﻱﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺉﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻤﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫➢ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺉﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‪ .Python‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎءﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪−‬‬

‫‪ #‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺩﻳﻒﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)‬

‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ #‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ )‪(str‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ؛‬

‫‪ #‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪printme‬‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)"ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ!"(‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ!‬
‫ﺍﻃﺒﻌﻨﻲ)"ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ"(‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﻳﻌﻮﺩ]ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ[ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪,‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻊﻻ ﺣﺠﺞﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲءﻳﻌﻮﺩﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺑﺈﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ #‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺩﻳﻒﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ)‬

‫ﺍﺭﺝ‪,1‬ﺍﺭﺝ‪:(2‬‬
‫‪ #‬ﺃﺿﻒ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪ ".‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ=ﺍﺭﺝ‪+1‬ﺍﺭﺝ‪2‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ)"ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪،" :‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ( ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ؛‬

‫‪//‬ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫‪ #‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪30:‬‬
‫=ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ) ‪( 20 ،10‬؛‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪30:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ)"ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪," :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ(‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍً‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪2024‬‬