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Reviewer in Gen Math

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27 views3 pages

Reviewer in Gen Math

Uploaded by

jikeeebedrosu.edu.ph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exponential Equations & Inequalities

2. Logarithmic Functions & Equations

Logarithmic Functions:

A logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function. The general form is:

y=log⁡b(x)y = \log_b(x)y=logb(x)

This means by=xb^y = xby=x, where bbb is the base of the logarithm.

Properties of Logarithms:

1. log⁡b(xy)=log⁡b(x)+log⁡b(y)\log_b(xy) = \log_b(x) + \log_b(y)logb(xy)=logb


(x)+logb(y) (Product Property)
2. log⁡b(xy)=log⁡b(x)−log⁡b(y)\log_b\left(\frac{x}{y}\right) = \log_b(x) -
\log_b(y)logb(yx)=logb(x)−logb(y) (Quotient Property)
3. log⁡b(xn)=nlog⁡b(x)\log_b(x^n) = n \log_b(x)logb(xn)=nlogb(x) (Power Property)
4. log⁡b(b)=1\log_b(b) = 1logb(b)=1
5. log⁡b(1)=0\log_b(1) = 0logb(1)=0

Logarithmic Equations:

To solve a logarithmic equation, we may need to use the exponential form of the equation.

General form:

log⁡b(x)=y⇒by=x\log_b(x) = y \quad \Rightarrow \quad b^y = xlogb(x)=y⇒by=x

Example:

Solve log⁡2(x+3)=4\log_2(x + 3) = 4log2(x+3)=4.

Solution:

• Rewrite the equation in exponential form: 24=x+32^4 = x + 324=x+3


• Simplify: 16=x+316 = x + 316=x+3
• Solve for xxx: x=13x = 13x=13

Logarithmic Inequalities:

To solve logarithmic inequalities, first isolate the logarithmic expression and then convert to
exponential form.
Example:
Solve log⁡3(x−2)≤2\log_3(x - 2) \leq 2log3(x−2)≤2.

Solution:

• Convert to exponential form: 32≥x−23^2 \geq x - 232≥x−2


• Simplify: 9≥x−29 \geq x - 29≥x−2
• Solve for xxx: x≤11x \leq 11x≤11

3. Simple Interest

Formula for Simple Interest (SI):

I=P×r×tI = P \times r \times tI=P×r×t

where:

• III = Interest earned or paid


• PPP = Principal (initial amount)
• rrr = Annual interest rate (decimal form)
• ttt = Time (in years)

To find the Total Amount (A) after interest, use:

A=P+IA = P + IA=P+I

Example:

If you invest $500 at an interest rate of 6% per year for 3 years, what is the interest?

Solution:

• P=500P = 500P=500, r=0.06r = 0.06r=0.06, t=3t = 3t=3


• Calculate interest: I=500×0.06×3=90I = 500 \times 0.06 \times 3 = 90I=500×0.06×3=90
• Total amount: A=500+90=590A = 500 + 90 = 590A=500+90=590

So, the interest earned is $90, and the total amount after 3 years is $590.

4. Compound Interest

Formula for Compound Interest (CI):


A=P(1+rn)ntA = P \left( 1 + \frac{r}{n} \right)^{nt}A=P(1+nr)nt

where:

• AAA = Total amount (principal + interest)


• PPP = Principal (initial amount)
• rrr = Annual interest rate (decimal form)
• nnn = Number of times the interest is compounded per year
• ttt = Time (in years)

To find the Compound Interest (CI), use:

CI=A−PCI = A - PCI=A−P

Example:

If you invest $1,000 at an interest rate of 5% per year, compounded quarterly, for 2 years, what is
the total amount?

Solution:

• P=1000P = 1000P=1000, r=0.05r = 0.05r=0.05, n=4n = 4n=4, t=2t = 2t=2


• Use the compound interest formula: A=1000(1+0.054)4×2A = 1000 \left( 1 +
\frac{0.05}{4} \right)^{4 \times 2}A=1000(1+40.05)4×2 A=1000(1+0.0125)8A = 1000
\left( 1 + 0.0125 \right)^8A=1000(1+0.0125)8 A=1000×(1.0125)8A = 1000 \times
(1.0125)^8A=1000×(1.0125)8 A=1000×1.104486A = 1000 \times
1.104486A=1000×1.104486 A≈1104.49A \approx 1104.49A≈1104.49

So, the total amount after 2 years is approximately $1104.49.

Summary

• Exponential equations: Solve by equating exponents or using logarithms.


• Exponential inequalities: Solve by comparing exponents or using logarithms.
• Logarithmic equations: Convert to exponential form to solve.
• Simple interest: Use the formula I=P×r×tI = P \times r \times tI=P×r×t.
• Compound interest: Use the formula A=P(1+rn)ntA = P \left( 1 + \frac{r}{n}
\right)^{nt}A=P(1+nr)nt.

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