Rubrics form for Power Electronics Lab

Lab #: 06

Lab Title: Single phase Full wave controlled rectifier

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Names Registration #

Daniyal Shabbir FA21-BEE-014

Bilal Tariq FA21-BEE-001

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R1: Not able to identify Rarely able Occasionally Often ableto Able to identify
Equipment identification the equipment and to describe describe the use describe the equipment as
& never describes the use of of equipment use of well as
Equipment usage the use of equipment equipment its
equipment compo-
nents and describe
the use of
equipment
R2: No submission Very little or no The hypothesis The hypothesis Clear background
Objectives & / background is not clearly is partial stated information based
No effort exhibited information stated on
Introduction
thoroug
h literature
research

R3: Not able to use lab Able to slightly use Able to Able to Able to fully use
Displays skills to work observations lab work somewhat use lab moderately use lab
perform into mathematical observations into work lab work wor
calculation mathematical observations into observations into k
mathema-
calculation mathema- mathematical observations
tical calculations using the
tical calculation calculation into
observation from the lab mathematical
calculation

R4: Demons- trates Demons- Demons- Demons Demons-

Tools minimal or no trates slightly trates - trates trates skillful
ability to ability to describe somewhat ability modera- ability to describe
Evaluation
describe and/or and/or explain the to describe and explain
tely ability to
explain the and/or explain describe and/or
the
principle principles behind principle explain the the principles
s behind s behind
principles
and applicability and applicability of and applicability behind and behind and
of engineering engineering tools of engineering applicability of applicability of
tools tools engineering engineering tools
tools

R5: Never participate Rarely participate Occasionally Often Frequently

Individual & participate and participat participate and
contribute e and contribute contribute
Team work
 Lab No. 6

Single–phase Full Wave controlled Rectifier

Introduction:

A Single-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier is a type of power converter that utilizes controlled
semiconductor switches to rectify an AC input signal. Unlike half-wave rectifiers, a full-wave rectifier uses
both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, which increases the efficiency of power
conversion. By employing controlled switches such as thyristors, the circuit enables control over the output
DC voltage level, allowing for flexibility in applications that require varying power levels, such as motor
drives, battery chargers, and regulated power supplies.

In this experiment, we use two thyristors (or SCRs) arranged in a bridge configuration. The conduction of
the thyristors is controlled through a gating circuit, allowing them to be triggered at specified points in the
AC cycle. By adjusting the firing angle, we control the portion of the AC waveform that passes through to
the load, thereby controlling the DC output voltage.

Objectives

 Understand the operation of a single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier circuit.

 Analyze the waveform of the rectified output and study the impact of varying the firing angle.
 Calculate the output voltage and observe its dependency on the firing angle.
 Explore power control in AC to DC conversion applications.

Equipment:
 Single-Phase AC Power Supply: Provides the AC input voltage (usually 230V, 50Hz or as specified in
the lab setup).

 SCRs (Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers): Two or four SCRs are used in the full-wave controlled rectifier
circuit to control the conduction phase of each half-cycle of the AC waveform.

 Diodes (optional): Used in combination with SCRs in some configurations to complete the full-wave
rectification.

 Gate Trigger Circuit: This is used to control the firing angle of the SCRs. It could be a standalone
trigger circuit or an integrated firing circuit module capable of adjusting the delay for firing pulses to the
SCRs.

 Isolation Transformer: Used to isolate the circuit from the main AC power supply for safety, especially
in laboratory setups.

 Load Resistor/Inductor: A resistive or inductive load connected to the rectifier output, allowing you to
analyze the DC voltage characteristics under different load conditions.

 Oscilloscope: For visualizing the waveforms of the input AC, the firing pulses, and the rectified output
DC voltage, which helps analyze the behavior of the circuit and the effect of the firing angle on the
waveform.
 Digital Multimeter: For measuring the DC output voltage across the load and confirming the
calculations.

 Connecting Wires and Probes: Used to make connections between components, the power supply, and
measuring instruments.

 Heat Sink (for SCRs): Since SCRs generate heat during operation, heat sinks are often used to prevent
overheating and ensure safe operation.

 Protective Devices (Fuses or Circuit Breakers): Used for circuit protection to prevent damage to
components due to overcurrent or short circuits.

Procedure:
1. Set Up Circuit: Connect the SCRs, AC power supply, and load in a bridge rectifier configuration.
2. Connect Isolation Transformer: Place the isolation transformer between the AC supply and the
circuit for safety.
3. Adjust Firing Angle:

 Use the gate trigger circuit to set an initial firing angle.

 Gradually increase α\alphaα to observe changes in output.

4. Measure Output Voltage:

 Use a digital multimeter to measure the output DC voltage across the load.
 Record voltage readings for different values of α\alphaα (e.g., 0∘ 0^\circ0∘ , 30∘ 30^\circ30∘ ,
45∘ 45^\circ45∘ , 60∘ 60^\circ60∘ , 90∘ 90^\circ90∘ ).

5. Observe Waveforms:

 Use an oscilloscope to view the AC input, firing pulses, and rectified output waveforms.
 Note how varying α\alphaα affects the output.

6. Record Extinction Angle (β):

 For inductive loads, observe and record the current extinction angle (β\betaβ) on the oscilloscope.

7. Analyze Results:

 Compare theoretical and measured output voltages.

 Note the effects of α\alphaα and β\betaβ on output voltage.

8. Turn Off and Disconnect:

 Power off the AC supply.

 Safely disconnect all components.
1. Single–phase Full Wave controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load

Circuit Diagram:

Output Waveform:
2. Single–phase Full Wave controlled Rectifier with RL Load:
 α is the firing angle: the point in the AC cycle where the thyristor is triggered to start conducting.

 β is the current extinction angle: the point in the AC cycle where the current through the thyristor
naturally drops to zero, causing it to stop conducting.

 ϕ is the load angle: the phase angle due to the load, typically arising in inductive loads where the current
lags the voltage.

i) Case 1: α < ϕ

ii) Case 2: α = ϕ
iii) Case 3: α > ϕ

Noise:
Gate Pulse:

Harmonics:
Calculation:

The output dc voltage across the resistive load is given by

Average load current is given by

The expression for rms value of load voltage for a given firing angle α is

RMS value of load current is given by

The output dc voltage across the resistive load is given by

Average load current is given by

The expression for rms value of load voltage for a given firing angle α is
RMS value of load current is given by

Conclusion:
in this experiment, we demonstrated how a Single-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier can adjust the DC
output voltage by varying the firing angle (α\alphaα) of the SCRs. As the firing angle increased, the output
voltage decreased, showing effective control over power delivery to the load. For inductive loads, we
observed the current extinction angle (β\betaβ), illustrating the influence of load type on rectifier behavior.
Overall, this rectifier provides flexible DC voltage control, useful in applications like motor drives and
power supplies.