LAB MANUAL: Fourth Year CSE- Semester 7

CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY LAB

L1

Explain security concepts, Ethics in Network Security.

L2

i) Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using the

following algorithms:

a. Ceaser Cipher

b. Substitution Cipher

c. Hill Cipher

a) Ceaser Cipher

import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import

java.io.InputStreamReader; import

java.util.Scanner;

public class CeaserCipher {

static Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

staticBufferedReaderbr=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(System.in));public
static void

main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// TODO code application logic here

System.out.print("Enter any String: "); String str = br.readLine();

System.out.print("\nEnter the Key: ");

int key = sc.nextInt();

String encrypted = encrypt(str, key);

System.out.println("\nEncrypted String is: " +encrypted);

Stringdecrypted=decrypt(encrypted, key); System.out.println("\nDecrypted String is:

"+decrypted);

System.out.println("\n");

public static String encrypt(String str, int key)

String encrypted ="";

for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

int c= str.charAt(i);

if (Character.isUpperCase(c))

c = c + (key % 26);

if (c > 'Z')

c = c - 26;

else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {

c = c + (key % 26);
if (c > 'z')

c = c - 26;

encrypted += (char) c;

return encrypted;

public static String decrypt(String str, int key)

String decrypted = "";

for(int i= 0; i< str.length(); i++)

int c= str.charAt(i);

if(Character.isUpperCase(c))

c = c - (key % 26);

if (c < 'A')

c = c + 26;

else if (Character.isLowerCase(c))

{
c = c - (key % 26);

if (c < 'a')

c = c + 26;

Output:

Enterany String: HelloWorld Enter the Key: 5

Encrypted String is: MjqqtBtwqi DecryptedStringis:HelloWor

b) Substitution Cipher

PROGRAM:

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

public class SubstitutionCipher

static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

staticBufferedReaderbr=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(System.in))

;public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

String a

String a= "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
String b = "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";

System.out.print("Enter any string: ");

String str = br.readLine();

String decrypt = "";

char c;

for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)

c=str.charAt(i);

int j = a.indexOf(c);

decrypt = decrypt+b.charAt(j);

System.out.println("The encrypted data is: " +decrypt);

Output:

Enter any string: aceho

The encrypted data is: zxvsl

c)HillCipher

PROGRAM:

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*; public class HillCipher {

staticfloat[][] decrypt= newfloat[3][1];

staticfloat[][] a= newfloat[3][3];

static float[][]b=newfloat[3][3];

staticfloat[][] mes=newfloat[3][1];

staticfloat[][]res= new float[3][1];

static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

//TODOcode applicationlogic here getkeymes();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<1;j++)

(int k=0;k<3;k++) {

res[i][j]=res[i][j]+a[i][k]*mes[k][j];

System.out.print("\nEncrypted string is : ");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

{ System.out.print((char)(res[i][0]%26+97));

[i][0]=res[i][0];

inverse();
for(int i=0;i<3; i++)

for(int j=0;j<1; j++)

for(int k=0; k<3;k++)

decrypt[i][j] = decrypt[i][j]+b[i][k]*res[k][j]; } System.out.print("\nDecrypted string is :

");

for(inti =0; i<3; i++)

System.out.print((char)(decrypt[i][0]% 26+97));

System.out.print("\n");

public static void getkeymes() throws IOException

System.out.println("Enter 3x3 matrix for key (It should be inversible): ");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

a[i][j]= sc.nextFloat();

System.out.print("\nEnter a 3 letter string: ");

String msg = br.readLine();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) mes[i][0]

= msg.charAt(i)-97;

public static void inverse()

floatp,q;

float[][] c= a;

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {

//a[i][j]=sc.nextFl oat();

if(i==j)

b[i][j]=1;

else

b[i][j]=0;

fo r(int k=0;k<3; k++)

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

p = c[i][k];

q = c[k][k];

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{

if(i!=k)

c[i][j] = c[i][j]*q-p*c[k][j];

b[i][j] =b[i][j]*q-p*b[k][j];

}}}}

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

{ b[i][j] = b[i][j]/c[i][i]; }

System.out.println(""); System.out.println("\nInverse Matrix is : "); for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<3;j++) System.out.print(b[i][j] + " ");

System.out.print("\n"); }

}}

Output:

Entera3letterstring:hai Encrypted string is :fdx Inverse Matrix is:

0.083333336 0.41666666 -0.33333334

-0.41666666 -0.083333336 0.6666667

0.5833333 -0.083333336 -0.33333334

Decrypted string is: hai

ii) Write a C program to perform encryption and decryption using the following
algorithms:

a. Ceaser Cipher
b. RSA

c. Hill Cipher

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Function to encrypt the text

void encrypt(char text[], int shift) {
for (int i = 0; text[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
char ch = text[i];
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
ch = (ch - 'a' + shift) % 26 + 'a';
} else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
ch = (ch - 'A' + shift) % 26 + 'A';
}
text[i] = ch;
}
}

// Function to decrypt the text

void decrypt(char text[], int shift) {
for (int i = 0; text[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
char ch = text[i];
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
ch = (ch - 'a' - shift + 26) % 26 + 'a';
} else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
ch = (ch - 'A' - shift + 26) % 26 + 'A';
}
text[i] = ch; }
}int main() {
char text[100];
int shift;
printf("Enter a message to encrypt: ");
gets(text);
printf("Enter shift amount: ");
scanf("%d", &shift);

encrypt(text, shift);
printf("Encrypted message: %s\n", text);

decrypt(text, shift);
printf("Decrypted message: %s\n", text);

return 0;
}

b. RSA

//Write a C program to implement RSA Algorithm

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

long int p, q, n, t, flag, e[100], d[100], temp[100], j, m[100], en[100], i;

char msg[100];

int prime(long int);

void ce();
long int cd(long int);
void encrypt();
void decrypt();

int main() {
printf("\nENTER FIRST PRIME NUMBER\n");
scanf("%ld", &p);
flag = prime(p);
if (flag == 0) {
printf("\nWRONG INPUT\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("\nENTER ANOTHER PRIME NUMBER\n");
scanf("%ld", &q);
flag = prime(q);
if (flag == 0 || p == q) {
printf("\nWRONG INPUT\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("\nENTER MESSAGE\n");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%[^\n]", msg);
for (i = 0; msg[i] != '\0'; i++)
m[i] = msg[i];
n = p * q;
t = (p - 1) * (q - 1);
ce();
printf("\nPOSSIBLE VALUES OF e AND d ARE\n");
for (i = 0; i < j - 1; i++)
printf("%ld\t%ld\n", e[i], d[i]);
 encrypt();
decrypt();
return 0;
}

int prime(long int pr) {

int i;
if (pr == 1)
return 0;
for (i = 2; i <= sqrt(pr); i++) {
if (pr % i == 0)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

void ce() {
int k = 0;
for (i = 2; i < t; i++) {
if (t % i == 0)
continue;
flag = prime(i);
if (flag == 1 && i != p && i != q) {
e[k] = i;
flag = cd(e[k]);
if (flag > 0) {
d[k] = flag;
k++;
}
if (k == 99)
break;
}
}
}

long int cd(long int x) {

long int k = 1;
while (1) {
k = k + t;
if (k % x == 0)
return (k / x);
}
}

void encrypt() {
 long int pt, ct, key = e[0], k, len;
i = 0;
len = strlen(msg);
while (i != len) {
pt = m[i];
pt = pt - 96;
k = 1;
for (j = 0; j < key; j++) {
k = k * pt;
k = k % n;
}
temp[i] = k;
ct = k + 96;
en[i] = ct;
i++;
}
en[i] = -1;
printf("\nTHE ENCRYPTED MESSAGE IS\n");
for (i = 0; en[i] != -1; i++)
printf("%c", en[i]);
}

void decrypt() {
long int pt, ct, key = d[0], k;
i = 0;
while (en[i] != -1) {
ct = temp[i];
k = 1;
for (j = 0; j < key; j++) {
k = k * ct;
k = k % n;
}
pt = k + 96;
m[i] = pt;
i++;
}
m[i] = -1;
printf("\nTHE DECRYPTED MESSAGE IS\n");
for (i = 0; m[i] != -1; i++)
printf("%c", m[i]);
}

c) Hill Cipher
// C++ code to implement Hill Cipher
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Following function generates the

// key matrix for the key string
void getKeyMatrix(string key, int keyMatrix[][3])
{
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
keyMatrix[i][j] = (key[k]) % 65;
k++;
}
}
}

// Following function encrypts the message

void encrypt(int cipherMatrix[][1],
int keyMatrix[][3],
int messageVector[][1])
{
int x, i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 1; j++)
{
cipherMatrix[i][j] = 0;

for (x = 0; x < 3; x++)

{
cipherMatrix[i][j] +=
keyMatrix[i][x] * messageVector[x][j];
}

cipherMatrix[i][j] = cipherMatrix[i][j] % 26;

}
}
}

// Function to implement Hill Cipher

void HillCipher(string message, string key)
{
 // Get key matrix from the key string
int keyMatrix[3][3];
getKeyMatrix(key, keyMatrix);

int messageVector[3][1];

// Generate vector for the message

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
messageVector[i][0] = (message[i]) % 65;

int cipherMatrix[3][1];

// Following function generates

// the encrypted vector
encrypt(cipherMatrix, keyMatrix, messageVector);

string CipherText;

// Generate the encrypted text from

// the encrypted vector
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
CipherText += cipherMatrix[i][0] + 65;

// Finally print the ciphertext

cout << " Ciphertext:" << CipherText;
}

// Driver function for above code

int main()
{
// Get the message to be encrypted
string message = "ACT";

// Get the key

string key = "GYBNQKURP";

HillCipher(message, key);

return 0;
}

Snap_Shorts of Crypttool_Exercise
Snap_Shorts of Wireshark_Exercise