Geo Ch4 - Industries

Geography
Ch4: Industries
Class notes
Industries:
It refers to the economic activities that are concerned with the production of goods, extraction
of minerals and provision of services.
Notebook making is a part of manufacturing industry
Industries are involved in the Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
Eg: mining industry (Primary sector), notebook manufacturing (Secondary sector) and tourism
industry (tertiary sector).
Classification:
Majorly industries can be classified as per following basis:
a. Raw material
b. Size
c. Ownership
a. Raw material:
i. Agro-based: use plants and animal-based products as their raw material
eg. Textile, dairy products.
ii. Mineral-based- use mineral ore as their raw material eg. iron and steel
industry.
iii. Marine-based- use products from seas and ocean as their raw material
fishing industry, salt making industry, shipping industry.
iv. Forest-based- use forest products as their raw material honey, timber
industry etc.
b. Size:
i. Small-scale-products are made by hand, by artisans, use less capital and
technology, produce less products like bidi making, basket weaving etc.
ii. Large-scale- products are made by machines, use more capital and
technology, and produce more production. Eg. TISCO, Maruti etc.
c. Ownership:
i. Joint sector- owned and operated by the state and individual. NDPL
(TATA and Government) Indian oil etc.
ii. Private sector-owned and operated by an individual or group of
individuals. Reliance, TATA, Airtel etc.
iii. Co-operative sector- owned and operated by the producers and suppliers
of raw material, workers or both like Amul etc.
Factors affecting location of an industry:

1. Raw material
2. Capital
3. Labor
4. Market
5. Land
6. Water
7. Power
Industrial System:
1. Input: Raw materials, labor and cost of land, transport ,power and other infrastructure
2. Process: Wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished product
3. Output: End product and the income earned from it
Industrial disasters prevention:
● Residential areas to be separated from industrial areas
● People living near industrial areas should be aware of the storage of toxins or hazardous
substances and effective measures in case of an emergency.
● Firefighting and disaster fighting systems will be improved.
● Storage capacity of the toxic substances should be limited.
Distribution of Major Industries

● The countries in which iron and steel industry is located are Germany, USA, China, Japan
and Russia
● Textile industry is concentrated in India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.
● The major hubs of the Information technology industry are the Silicon valley of Central
California and the Bangalore region of India.
Iron and Steel industry:

● Inputs for the iron and steel industry include raw material such as iron ore, coal along
with labor, capital, site and other infrastructure.
● Process of converting iron ore into steel includes many stages: The raw material is put in
the blast furnace where it undergoes smelting. It is then refined. The output obtained is
steel.
● Uses of steel: Uses by other industries as raw materials. Backbone of modern industries.
Almost everything is made up of steel like wire, alloys can be made, ships, trains, trucks,
and autos are made largely of steel. Even the safety pins and the needles we use are
made from steel etc.
● Earlier factories were located near raw materials. Later close to railways. Today it should
be near seaports on flat land.
TISCO: TATA Iron and Steel Company Ltd.

● TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and
Kharkai in Jharkhand. Later on, Sakchi was renamed as Jamshedpur. Geographically,
Jamshedpur is the most conveniently situated iron and steel center in the country.
● Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons:
○ This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur
railway line.
○ It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata,
which provided a large market.
○ The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.
Pittsburg
● Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while the iron ore comes from
the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.
● Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes for shipping ore
cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway. Trains carry the ore from the Great Lakes
to the Pittsburgh area. Rivers: The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers.
● The Pittsburgh area has many factories other than steel mills. These use steel as their
raw material to make many different products such as railroad equipment, heavy
machinery and rails.

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Geography

Factors affecting location of an industry:

● Storage capacity of the toxic substances should be limited.

Distribution of Major Industries

Iron and Steel industry:

TISCO: TATA Iron and Steel Company Ltd.

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