SHS

Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 2: Week 3&4 – Module 2

1
HUMSS- Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship

Grade 12 Quarter 2: Week 3 & 4-Module 2

First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written
permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Bernadette A. Aspiras, T-I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resources Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph. D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Delia P Hufalar, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Mapeh

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

12

Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 2: Week 3&4 – Module 2
 Target

In the previous learning material, you learned that there are several forms of
community engagement that contribute to community development through
solidarity. You were, as well, already intimated with the nature of solidarity, which,
incidentally, is one of the three components of this subject.
In the first learning material for the second quarter, you were already
introduced to the core principles of community engagement, namely human rights,
social equity, gender equality, and participatory development and these are the
indicators which will be used in the assessment which we will be conducting as a
part the first lesson of this learning material.
The second lesson of this learning material shall give you the different
manners by which you can implement your community action initiatives during the
last two or three weeks of the semester.
Lesson 1 Learning Competency

Assess Selected Community Action Initiatives based on its Core Values and
Principles. HUMSS_CSC12-lld-g-11.

Learning Objectives

Before the completion of this learning material, you are expected to:

1. Name and discuss the indicators in assessing community action initiatives.

2. Prepare a Needs Assessment questionnaire in preparation for your community
action initiative in your respective communities.

Lesson 2 Learning Competency

Explain the Methodologies and Approaches in Community Action

HUMSS_CSC12Iva-d-17
Learning Objectives

1. Identify the different Methodologies and Approaches in Community Action.

 2. Cite examples of or instances where the different Methodologies and
Approaches in Community Action could be applied.
3. Prepare a community action plan that is executionary based on the core
principles of community engagement and employing any of the given
methodologies and approaches in community action.

Jumpstart

The assessment which we shall perform later on after the discussion proper
is primarily based from the core values of community engagement, namely, human
rights, social equity, gender equality, and participatory development. In line with
this, let us find out how familiar are you with these concepts by putting a check (/)
mark if the scenario is related with human rights; an (X) for the scenario related to
social equity; an arrow ( ) down mark for scenarios which have something to do
with gender equality and arrow up ( ) mark if the cited scenario talks about
participatory development.
1. Coed system of education.
2. Involvement in the community activity requires no gender neither age.
3. Enjoyment of the most basic right to live.
4. Laws shall be applicable to everyone regardless of the socio-economic status
of the people.
5. The community caters to the needs of the entire population, not only that of
the rich.
6. The community folks were all tapped to prepare for the patronal feast day
celebration.
7. Spouses Pedro and Petra Madlang-bigay were allowed to put up their abode
at Sitio Naasi after the lockdown.
8. Men and women are now found in like wok areas.
9. Public academic institutions admit learners from all walks of life.
10. Progress entails not only the endeavors of the officials of the barangay but of
the entire community as well.

Thank you for performing that brief activity. Let us now proceed
to the discussion of the topic at hand.
“Today a reader, tomorrow and leader.” (Margaret Fuller)
 Lesson

1 Selected Community Action Initiatives

based on its Core Values and Principles

Discover

Community action initiatives must be anchored from the core principles of

participatory development. The next thing to do after preparing the community
action initiative plan and after its implementation is to ask the question “would this
plan meet its objectives?” or “did the community action initiative meet the
objectives?” The moment you have answered these questions, you already have a
gauge on whether the activity is successful or not. This further means that assessing
or evaluating the community action initiative- plan and implementation, would also
help you determine the value of your work or of your efforts.
Practically, there could be two instances of the assessment or evaluation.
First is the planning or pre-implementation assessment and the second is the
postimplementation assessment. The first evaluation or assessment becomes a tool
for gathering or obtaining data to help you lay your plan for the community action
initiative. In other words, this is called the needs assessment, which is indeed the
very first part of the planning. According to Melegrito et al (2016, p124), needs
assessment is an “investigation of the problems and issues concerning the life and
environment of the people in the community through a research collaboration with
them.” This means that the first instance of assessment will help you identify which
core value of community engagement should be targeted; who your participants
would be; what appropriate activity or activities must be conducted; what time frame
should you consider; what post-implementation evaluation tool should you prepare;
and, other concerns involved in the community action initiative. This phase of the
assessment is vital in the implementation of an excellent community action initiative.
 The concept of needs assessment is not new to you as this was intimated
earlier in another specialized subject in the Humanities and Social Sciences strand.
So that you should know by now that the Needs Assessment questionnaire may be
structured in the simplest manner possible to be readily understood by your
respondents, especially so, that you shall be administering the assessment in your
community, and the questions to be asked must be appropriate to your target
respondents or target sector of the community. The NA could be administered
through a questionnaire or interview, whichever is more convenient and more
effective. Either way, the NA must include but not limited to the following: the
demographic profile of the community and of the individual respondent or
participant; questions pertaining to on-going activities or what activities the
respondents are clamoring for; possible questions pertaining to present predicament
of the individual respondent and of the community, to include problems or issues
they are presently faced with; queries about the existing infrastructures or
amusement provisions, as the case may be, and any other relevant questions. Below
is an example of a needs assessment questionnaire to be administered to the target
participants.
Name (Optional)
Occupation
Marital Status
Gender

Questionnaire Proper. Please read the questions on the left and answer by checking Yes or
No on the right side, and please answer the follow-up question.
Yes No
1. Is there any existing program in the barangay where you are involved?
What is the name of the program? _________________________
__________________________________________________________.

2. Is there any existing program in the barangay where you are a

beneficiary?
What is the name of the program? _________________________
__________________________________________________________.

3. Is the existing program being satisfactorily implemented?

4. Does the program cater to your needs?

5. If yes (#3), would you recommend that it continues to be implemented?

If no (#3), would you recommend for another program?
What program would you recommend? __________________
_________________________________________________________

6. Is there any particular activity you would personally want to be involved

in?
What is the name of the activity? ________________________
_________________________________________________________.

7. (and other related questions)

 As a part of the needs assessment, it is incumbent in the community action
implementors to have an internal needs assessment which shall guide them in the
drafting of the action plan, where they must determine the number of participants
vis-à-vis the entire population of the target sector; the resources needed and who
must be involved in the prospective activities.

The second instance or phase of evaluation comes after the activity, purposely
to assess the result of the community action initiative. This after-program
assessment would serve as the measure with regards the attainment of the
objective/s of activity and program objective/s and with regards the conduct of the
activity/ies. This reflects the success or failure of the community initiative. This tool
is a necessary measure for the activity implementors to identify success or failure
indicators which would serve as an incentive for the hard work and a job well done
and/or a guide to improve the succeeding community action programs or activities.
The questions in this assessment could either be open-ended or answerable with yes
or no. You please refer to the next page for an example of the (after) program
assessment.

Name (Optional)
Age
Gender

Questionnaire Proper. Please read the questions on the left and answer by checking Yes or
No on the right side, and please answer the follow-up question.
Yes No
1. The activity started on time.
2. The time for conducting the training was appropriate for the activity.
3. The time for the activity was properly allocated.
4. The venue was appropriate for the activity.
5. The venue was well-ventilated.
6. The materials needed for the activity were provided for.
7. The activity facilitators were cordial and approachable.

8. The activity facilitators were helpful to the participants.

9. The trainees participated actively.
10. The talk was clearly delivered.
11. The talk was aligned to the topic.
12. There was a part in the talk which was offensive to the
rights of the participants.
What particular right was offended? __________________
 ___________________________________________________________. 12.
There was a part in the activity which insinuated social inequity.
What part of the activity insinuated social inequity?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
13. There was a part in the activity which encouraged gender
inequality.
What part of the activity encouraged gender inequality?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
10. In the scale of 1-5, how do you rate the activity?
(5 being the highest score, 1 being the lowest score)
____________________
11. Do you have any comments and recommendations?
What are your comments and recommendations? _______
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Assessment Indicators
In the conduct of assessment, there are indicators to be considered and they
are as follows:
1. Human resources, which refers to the (number of) participants, the resource
speaker {if any}, activity facilitator/s, and the core group (which topic shall be
discussed in lesson 2.)
2. Financial resources, which refers to whatever money needed for the
realization of the community action program.
3. Equipment/materials required, which refers to whatever things that are
needed in the effective implementation of the activity/ies.
That’s it for the discussion. I hope you nurtured the information given
to you. Ready then for the activities?

Explore
After that brief discussion about community initiative assessment, let me
give you the first set of activities to find out if you understood the topic.

Enrichment Activity 1. Modified True or False

Direction. Write T if the statement is correct and M if incorrect then beside the
letter M write the word/s which makes the statement incorrect followed by the
word/s which would make the statement correct.
1. The Needs Assessment must be conducted before the preparation of an action
plan.
2. A post-program assessment is necessary for the community action
implementors to determine what activity should be conducted.
3. Community action assessment comes in three phases.
4. Success and failure indicators are identified in the conduct of the need’s
assessment.
5. Whether the community action objective/s was/were achieved would be
determined through the need’s assessment.

Assessment. “Essay Me”

Direction. Read and understand the question very well and answer briefly but
concisely.
1. Compare and contrast needs assessment and post-program assessment in
terms of a.) nature and b.) purpose.
2. Cite and discuss briefly the different indicators of assessment by giving an
example for each.

Rubric for the essay:

Content (8) Mechanics (6) Originality (4)
Relevant to the topic. Use of Proper Language Use Statements or sentences are
Related or of correct spelling or not copy-pasted.
connected vocabulary.
statements. Use of proper or correct
Grammatically correct punctuation marks.
sentences. Follow the prescribed
number of words/times.

You did very well with those activities. Let us now

proceed to the last activity to complete lesson 1.

Deepen

Activity 2. “Question Me”

Direction. Draft a needs assessment questionnaire to determine what community
initiative you are going to implement. Be guided by the following instructions:
1. Identify your target sector or group of participants.
2. Simplify your questions to be easily understood by your respondents.
 3. Consider the core values of community engagement (human rights, social
equity, gender equality, and participatory development) in drafting your
questionnaire.
4. The questionnaire must comply with the technical requirements: a. Font
size- 11.
b. Font theme- Arial or Bookman Old style.
c. 1.5 spacing.
d. Refer to the APA questionnaire format.
5. The questionnaire shall be evaluated according to the rubric below.
Category Points assignment
Comprehensive Lacking in Not presented in
presentation presentation. logical manner. No
Ideas as are logical Insufficiency of evidences presented.
and well-supported by related ideas and Unnecessary ideas are
Content evidences lacks evidences. excluded
Unnecessary ideas Unnecessary ideas (1-4pts.)
are excluded (10-15 are excluded (5-
pts) 9pts.)
Demonstrates Insufficiency of Copy pasted (1-3)
sufficient personal personal
interpretation or interpretation or
Originality insight insight
Demonstrates in depth Lacks in depth
critical thinking. (7- critical thinking. (4-
10pts.) 6 pts.)
Followed the technical Not all of the Not all of the technical
requirements. technical requirements are
Grammatically- requirements are followed.
correct sentence followed. Grammaticallyerroneous
structure and use of Minimal sentence construction
Mechanics
appropriate language. grammatical errors and some words used
(7-10pts.) and some words are not appropriate. (1-
used are not 3)
appropriate. 4-6 pts.)

Are you done with the Needs Assessment questionnaire? You should!

Lesson
Methodologies and Approaches in
2 Community Action

You will be needing that as the first step for your community action initiative!
Congratulations!!! Now you’re about ready to embark on the most interesting and
most fulfilling activity of the subject- CESC!
 Jumpstart

Do these concepts under the topic at hand ring a bell? Probably yes because
these were intimated to you earlier in another HUMSS specialized subject. Let us
then challenge that memory with the activity below.

Activity 1. True or false. Write T if the statement is correct and M if incorrect.

1. In the conduct of any community action program, the implementors proceed

directly with the activity sans the needs assessment.
2. An effective community action initiative is one which would involve a
particular sector of the community which is identified before the needs
assessment is conducted.
3. A community action initiative is implemented before a plan is conceived.
4. The activity evaluation conducted after the implementation of the program is
an option.
5. The community action implementors are expected to anchor their programs
from the core values of community engagement.

“Reading should not be presented to children as a chore or a duty. It should be

offered as a gift.” (Kate DiCamillo)

Discover

Methodologies? Approaches? What are these concepts? What have they to

do with community action initiatives? Are these concepts significant? These are just
some of the questions we are bound to ask when we hear these concepts.
 First, let us take on methodologies. According to www.merriam-webster.com,
methodology refers to the “body of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a
discipline or it is a particular procedure or set of procedures.” Simply put,
methodologies are the step-by-step rules which need to be strictly followed by the
community action planners, as the case may be. As a standard in the preparation
of a community action initiative, the following methodologies must be complied with
to ensure the effectiveness of the would-be program or activity.

1. Community Profiling.
“It is a comprehensive description of the resources that exist within that
community, carried out with the active involvement of the community itself for the
purpose of developing an action plan or other means of improving the quality of life
of the community.” (Melegrito et al, 2016, p119). According to this step, the
community action initiators must first conduct a community profiling in the
barangay or place where they intend to implement the activity. Since barangays now
are mandated to keep a file record of the demographic details and other
barangayrelated data, community profiling is now made more accessible and faster
where the community action planners could just coordinate with the barangay
secretary or whoever keeps such record. However, for a more updated information,
the person/s charged with the community profiling could conduct an additional
interview or survey therein, which could be done together with the needs assessment
to save time.
Whatever data gathered must be collated to be able to move to the next step.

2. Needs Assessment
The second step is the conduct of a need’s assessment. And as mentioned in
Lesson 1, needs assessment refers to the ““investigation of the problems and issues
concerning the life and environment of the people in the community through a
research collaboration with them.” This is then to reiterate that in this step, you
should come up with a clear picture of how the community is and what is/are the
action/s or program/s needed by your target sector or participants. It is in this step
where you will come to know of the actual scenarios in the community and among
your prospective participants. The needs assessment is the best pre-program
indicator on whether or not you are treading the right program path. For a sample
needs assessment questionnaire, please refer to lesson 1.

3. Working with a Core Group of Leaders/ Leadership Development

After collating the community profile and the result of the needs assessment,
it is incumbent in the community action initiator/s to go back to the community in
search for a so-called core group, who could be incumbent community leaders or
those who have leadership potential and raring to be groomed for leadership. Since
the core group is composed of community-based leaders, it is highly presumed that
they are more familiar with the whereabouts of the community thus, they could
provide the necessary and needed guidance to keep the community action program
going. The core group becomes your dependable partner in sustaining the
community action initiative.

4. Action Planning
According still to Melegrito et al (2016 p148), this fourth step is called
“participatory action planning.” True to this, the planning stage necessarily takes
the participative nature where the members of the community are enjoined to take
part in the preparation of the program. Participation does not necessitate the
community members to be always physically or personally working with the
community action initiators, rather, the cooperation and willingness they exude
during the need’s assessment is participation enough already, and that whatever
data is gathered therein would be used as the basis for the community action
program plan. It is in this step where the framework of the program is laid down,
and this is anchored from the collated needs assessment data. The prospective
activities, objective/s of the activity/ies, the time frame of the activity, the people
involved in the implementation of the activity, resources (to include the materials/
equipment and logistics, if need be), and the expected outcome/s shall be the
contents of the action plan. Below is a sample community action plan.

Activity Objective Persons Resources Time Expected

involved frame outcome
To intimate Resource (indicate the . (First day The talk about
to the Speaker things or of the leadership
participant anything community skills was
the Participants needed for the action successfully
Talk about knowledge implementation program) or delivered as
of the activity whenever
Leadership and other Core Group indicated by
and the venue you want
skills know-how the overflowing
as well.) the activity
about positive
to take
leadership. reaction from
place.
the
participants.
 Activity (indicate the (Second The workshop
Facilitators equipment or until the on leadership
materials or third day of skill was
Participants anything the successfully
needed for the community conducted as
Leadership implementation action
Core Group indicated by
skills of the activity program) or
the gradual
workshop and the venue whenever
you want transformation
as well.)
the activity exuded by the
to take participants.
place.

*NOTE: A last cell should be included for the monitoring scheme.

4. Resource Mobilization
After the community action plan has been drafted, it is now incumbent in the
program implementors to check on the availability of the resources deemed necessary
in the implementation of the activities. If equipment and funds are not enough, this
stage dictates that the persons involved must proceed with the sourcing activity,
where they must get in touch with their prospective benefactors or any other
person/s who could help provide the lacking materials and logistics. Practically, this
is an important step to be embarked on for the proper and effective implementation
of the community action program because first, no matter how small amount the
budget is, there is still a need to raise the needed logistics; and, second, training
materials and equipment must be secured before the program proper to avoid
cramming and possible delay in the conduct of the activity. It is worthy to note that
whatever amount or anything that is sourced out must be documented for reference
and to avoid any financial misconduct.

5. Program Implementation
This fifth stage obviously refers to the program implementation proper where
the activities indicated in the community action plan are carried out. In this step, the
community action implementors may modify an activity indicated in the plan as the
need arises but must not completely deviate from the action plan.

6. Program Evaluation
The seemingly final step to be done is the program evaluation. Recalling
lesson 1, this step is the second of the two assessments needed in the implementation
of community action program, and this is a final gauge of the success or failure of
the community activity. There is a need to prepare a program evaluation tool to find
out if the community action program objectives were met or not and if the activities
were satisfactorily conducted or not. Whatever the result of the program evaluation
is, this becomes the success or failure indicator which shall serve as either a reward
to their hard work efforts or as a guide for the community action implementors to
improve their craft. Refer to lesson 1 for an example of program evaluation
questionnaire.

7. Program Monitoring
A community action activity or a program should not just be conducted for
the sake of compliance, rather it must be implemented with a long-range effect in
mind- that the expected outcome should last not only for a day or two or for a week
or a month, but must have an effect to the life and perspective of the participant/s.
Thus, monitoring must be conducted. A possible issue would be, “who will conduct
the monitoring?” This may come easily by turning over the program to the next set
of community action implementors or by endorsing the program to the core group
in the community.

Let us now proceed to the approaches in the conduct of community action

initiatives. According to www.universalclass.com , the following are the standard
approaches to be anchored on in terms of community action development programs:
1. Evaluation of Social Capital
Social capital could be defined as a theory which involves concerns about the
existing community culture and any other details regarding the relationships,
interactions and aggrupation within the community. This approach then insinuates
that there is a need for the community action implementors to have a sociological
evaluation of the entire community with emphasis on the target sector or group.

2. Resource Collection
This approach is the counterpart of resource mobilization in the
methodologies as mentioned earlier. Under this approach, it is theorized that where
the community does not have the needed resources, the community action
implementors are given some options on how to procure needed resources
(equipment/materials) and these are the options:
a. Fund-raising, which must be conducted after objectives have been clearly
spelled out and any fundraising activity must be properly coordinated with the
authorities. Examples of fundraising activities are “Funrun for a cause”,
“selling of tickets with corresponding prizes and duly authorized by the
concerned offices”, “Concert for a cause”, and others.
b. Donations, which may come from benefactors.
 c. Through Advertisement, which, as the term suggests, may be done through
a posted call to bring awareness to other people outside of the concerned
community about the need for the community action program. This could be
accomplished using all forms of (social media, radio or television, flyers or
tarpaulin or billboard).

3. Resource Management
This approach talks about how the collected or procured resources should
be managed and taken care of. The following actions must be done by the
community action implementors:
a. Budgeting, which must be properly done with particular reference to whatever
amount of money donated. Proper allocation or distribution of budget must be given
strict scrutiny so as to avoid shortage in terms of logistics.
b. Inventory of whatever materials/ equipment donated or procured which is
deemed necessary to monitor the usage of the same and to avoid loss of tangible
resources.

4. Policy Reforms
This approach says that the community action implementors need to look into
the existing community rules so as to allow a room for adjustment for the conduct of
the community action program. It also suggests that the community action
implementors move for a possible policy reform should a policy be found to be
outdated.

5. Power and Leadership Balance

This approach suggests that the community action implementors must have
a prior knowledge about the actual status of the community leadership and
participation capability of the people as these would have an implication to the
success or failure of the community action program.

There you have it; the discussion is done. Let us have some
activities again to make sure that the information intimated to you
was read and understood and not just seen by the eyes.

Explore

Assessment. “Essay Me”

Direction. Read and understand the question very well and answer briefly but
concisely.
1. Cite and discuss each of the methodologies of community action.

Rubric for the essay

Content (6) Mechanics (6) Originality (2)
Relevant to the topic. Use of Proper Language Use Statements or sentences are
Related or of correct spelling or not copy-pasted.
connected vocabulary.
statements. Use of proper or correct
Grammatically correct punctuation marks.
sentences.

Let us have additional activities to make sure that

you did understand the lesson.

Deepen

Activity 2. “Action Plan”

Direction. Prepare an action plan of a prospective community action program, based

from the methodologies discussed earlier.
Guidelines for the action plan.

1. Be realistic with your resources, particularly the logistics.

2. The community action program is to be conducted within two to three weeks;
thus, the time frame must be within the period.
3. This draft will be the basis of the final community action plan.
*Rubric for the activity.
Category Points assignment

Content Comprehensive Lacking in Not presented in

presentation presentation. logical manner. No
Ideas as are logical Insufficiency of evidences presented.
and well-supported by related ideas and Unnecessary ideas are
evidences lacks evidences. excluded
Unnecessary ideas Unnecessary ideas (1-4pts.)
are excluded (10-15 are excluded (5-
pts) 9pts.)
Originality Demonstrates Insufficiency of Copy pasted (1-3)
sufficient personal personal
interpretation or interpretation or
insight insight
 Demonstrates in depth Lacks in depth
critical thinking. (7- critical thinking. (4-
10pts.) 6 pts.)

Mechanics Followed the technical Not all of the Not all of the technical
requirements. technical requirements are
Grammatically- requirements are followed.
correct sentence followed. Grammaticallyerroneous
structure and use of Minimal sentence construction
appropriate language. grammatical errors and some words used
(7-10pts.) and some words are not appropriate. (1-
used are not 3)
appropriate. 4-6 pts.)

To complete the module, please accomplish this last activity. Congratulations!!!

Gauge

Activity 3. Reflective Essay.

Direction. Please write a one-paragraph reflective essay of your most significant
learning about the topic (lesson 1 and lesson), with emphasis in drafting a needs
assessment and community action plan. Conceptualize your own title.
Rubric:
Content (10) Mechanics (6) Originality (4)

Relevant to the topic. Use of Proper Language Use Statements or sentences are
of correct spelling or not copy-pasted.
Related or
connected vocabulary.
statements. Use of proper or correct
punctuation marks.
Grammatically correct
sentences.

References

Printed Materials
• Taguibao and de Guzman. Community Engagement, Solidarity and
Citizenship. (2017). Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Publications.

• Macta, Ronaldo B., Melegrito, Lourdes F., and Mendoza, Diana J. Applied
Research: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods and Report
Writing (The Padayon Series).(2016). Manila, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing
House.
Weblinks

• https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/standard-approachesof-
cmmunity -development.html

• https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/assessmentmaterials-
indicators_assessment-indicators-graphic-en.pd

• http://mypeer.org.au/monitoring-evaluation/indicators-for-evaluation/
• https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/eRNDQ5Y
• https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/aessment/assessing-
communityneeds-and-resources/conducting-needs-assessment-
surveys/main