(DM 21)

ASSIGNMENT - 1, MAY - 2015.

M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - I : TOPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.

1) a) Let X be a topological space. Then show that any intersection of closed sets in X is
closed, and any finite union of closed sets in X is closed.

b) Let X be a non-empty set. Then show that the family of all topologies on X is a
complete lattice with respect to the relation “is weaker than”. Further more, this lattice
has a least member and a greatest member.

2) a) Prove that any continuous image of a compact space is compact.

b) Prove that every sequentially compact metric space is compact.

3) a) State and prove Tychonoff’s theorem.

b) Prove that a metric space is sequentially compact⟺ it has the Bolzano-Weierstrass

property.

4) a) Prove that the product of any non-empty class of Hausdorff space is a Hausdorff space.

b) State and prove Urysohn’s Lemma.

5) a) Prove that the product of any non-empty class of connected spaces is connected.

b) Let X be a topological space and A a connected subspace of X. If B is a subspace of X

such that A⊆B⊆ then show that B is connected; in particular is connected.

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 (DM 21)
ASSIGNMENT - 2, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - I : TOPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.

1) a) If N is a normed linear space and x0 is a non-zero vector in N, then show that there
exists a functional f in N* such that f0(x0) = ||x0|| and ||f0|| = 1.

b) If N is a normed linear space, then show that the closed unit sphere S* in N* is a
compact Hausdorff space in the weak* topology.

2) a) State and prove the closed graph theorem.

b) State and prove the union boundedness theorem.

3) a) If M and N are closed linear subspaces of a Hilbert space H such that M  N , then
prove that the linear subspace M + N is also closed.

b) Prove that every non-zero Hilbert space contains a complete orthonormal set.

4) a) Let H be a Hilbert space, and let F be an arbitrary functional in H*.Then show that
there exists a unique vector y in H such that f(x) = (x, y) for every x in H.

b) Prove that an operator T on H is self-adjoint⟺ (Tx, x) is real for all x.

5) a) If N1 and N2 are normal operators on H with the property that either commutes with the
adjoint of the other, then show that N1 + N2 and N1N2 are normal.

b) If P and Q are the projections on closed linear subspaces M and N of H, then show that
M⊥N⟺PQ = 0 ⟺QP = 0.

———————–––
 (DM 22)
ASSIGNMENT - 1, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - II : MEASURE AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.

1) a) Prove that the Intersection O1∩O2 of two open sets O1 and O2 is open.

b) Prove that the Intersection of any Collection C of closed sets is closed.

2) a) Prove that the Interval (a,∞ ) is measurable.

b) Prove that let E⊂[0, 1) be a measurable set then for each y∈[0, 1) the set E+y
 is

measurable and m ( E+y

 ) = mE .

3) a) Let f be an extended real-valued function whose domain is measurable. Then prove that
the following statements are equivalent.

i) For each real number  the set {x: f(x)>d} is measurable.

ii) For each real number  the set {x: f(x)≥} is measurable.

b) If f is a measurable function and f = g a.e, then show that g is measurable.

 n
4) a) Let    ai E i with
, Ei  E j   for i≠j. Suppose each set Ei is a measurable set of
i 1 n

finite measure. Then prove that

 ö   ai mEi .
i 1

b) If f and g are non-negative measurable functions, then prove that

i)  cf  c  f , c0 ii)  f g  f g

E E E E E

5) a) Let f and g be two non-negative measurable functions. If f is Integrable over E and

g(x)<f(x) on E, then prove that g is also Integrable on Ef and
g 
  f g
E E E
b) Show that if f is Integrable over E, then so is | f | and
 f  | f |
E E
——————
 (DM 22)
ASSIGNMENT - 2, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - II : MEASURE AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.
1) a) State and prove vitali Lemma

b) If f is of bounded variation on [a, b] then show that Tab  Pab  N ba .

2) a) State and prove Holder Inequality.

b) Prove that A normed linear space X is complete if and only if every obsolutely
summable series is summable.


 
3) a) If Ei ∈B then prove that µ   E i    µE i
 i 1  i 1

b) If f and g are Integrable over E, and suppose that <fn> is a sequence of measurable
functions such that on E |fn(x)|≤g(x) and such that almost every where on E. fn(x)→f(x)
then show that f  lim  f n.
E E

4) a) State and prove labesgue Decomposition Theorem.

b) State and prove Hahn Decomposition Theorem.

5) a) Let µ be a measure on an algebra Q, µ* the outer measure induced by µj and E any set.
Then prove that for å>0 there is a set A∈Q with E⊂A and µ*A≤µ*E + å . There is
also a set BåQ with E⊂B and µ*E = µ*B.

b) If µ* is a Caratheodory outer measure with respect to , then show that every function
 is µ*-measurable.

——————
 (DM 23)
ASSIGNMENT - 1, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - III : ANALYTICAL NUMBER THEORY AND GRAPH THEORY
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.
1) a) Show that if x≥1 and  > 0, ≠1, we have

(  1) 1
  ( x)  x  0( x ),
n x  1

where  = max{1, }.

6
b) Prove that set of lattice points visible from the origin has density .
2

2) a) Show that for x≥2 we have

x
  p  log p  x log x  0( x).
p x  

where the sum is extended over all primes ≤x.

b) Prove that two lattice points (a, b) and (m, n) are mutually visible if, and only if, a–m
and b–n are relatively prime.

x
3) a) Show that for x≥2 we have (t ) and
( x)  ( x) log x   dt
2
t
 x
( x ) (t )
( x )   dt.
log x 2 t log 2 t

b) Prove that for n≥1 the nth prime Pn satisfies the inequalities

1  12 
n log n  Pn  12 n log n  n log 
6  e. 

4) a) Prove that there is a constant A such that

1  1 
  log log x  A  0  for all x≥2.
p x p  log x 

M( x)
lim  0.
b) Show that the prime number theorem implies x  x

5) a) Show that if a graph has exactly two vertices of odd degree, there must be a path
joining these two vertices.

b) Prove that a given connected graph G is an Euler graph if and only if all vertices of G
are of even degree.

——————
 (DM 23)
ASSIGNMENT - 2, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - III : ANALYTICAL NUMBER THEORY AND GRAPH THEORY
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.
1) a) Show that in a complete graph with n vertices there are (n–1)/2 edge-disjoint
Hamiltonian circuits, if n is an odd number≥3.

b) Discuss the Travelling-Salesman problem.

2) a) Prove that any connected graph with n vertices and n–1 edges is a tree.

b) Show that every connected graph has at least one spanning tree.

3) a) Prove that every circuit has an even number of edges in common with any cut-set.

b) Show that the maximum vertex connectivity one can achieve with a graph G of n
vertices and e edges (e≥n–1) is the integral part of the number 2e/n; that is, [2e/n].

4) a) Define planar graph and prove that the complete graph of five vertices is nonplanar.

b) Show that a connected planar graph with n vertices and e edges has e – n + 2 regions.

5) a) Show that the set consisting of all the circuits and the edge-disjoint unions of circuits
(including the null set ) in a graph G is an abelion group under the ring-sum

operation .

b) Prove that the ring sum of two circuits in a graph G is either a circuit or an edge-disjoint
union of circuits.
———————–––
 (DM 24)
ASSIGNMENT - 1, MAY - 2015.
M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - IV : RINGS AND MODULES
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.

1) a) Prove that in any Boolean algebra a'' = (a')' = a.

b) If A, B and C are additive subgroups of R, then show that (AB)C = A (BC) and

AB⊂C⟺A⊂C: B, AB⊂C⟺B⊂A: C.

2) a) Show that a module is Noetherian if and only if every submodule is finitely generated.

b) Show that a module has a composition series if and only if it is both Artinian and

Noetherian.

3) a) Let B be a submodule of AR. Show that A is Artinian if and only if B and A/B are
Artinian.

b) Prove that the central idempotents of a ring R form a Boolean algebra B(R).

4) a) Prove that the ideal M of the commutative ring R is maximal if and only if R/M is a
field.

b) Show that every ring is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible rings.

5) a) Prove that every commutative regular ring is semiprime.

b) If R is any commutative ring, then show that Q(R) is rationally complete.

———————
 (DM 24)

ASSIGNMENT - 2, MAY - 2015.

M.Sc. (FINAL) SECOND YEAR DEGREE
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - IV : RINGS AND MODULES
Maximum : 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions.

1) a) If AR is an irreducible module, then show that its ring of endomorphisms D = HomR (A, A)
is a division ring.

b) Prove that every Primitive ideal is prime.

2) a) State and prove Wedderburn. Artin theorem.

b) Show that a regular ring every finitely generated right ideal is principal.

3) a) Prove that the prime radical of R is the smallest ideal K such that R/K is semiprime.

b) If R is semiprime and e2 = e∈R, then show that eR is a minimal right ideal iff eRe is a

division ring.

4) a) Prove that every free module is projective.

b) Show that every R-module is projective iff R is completely reducible.

5) a) Prove that an obelian group is injective iff it is divisible.

b) Show that M is injective iff M has no proper essential extension.

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