Q1: A current of 2 A passing through conductor produces 80 J of heat in 10 seconds.

The
resistance of the conductor is
(a) 0.5 Ω
(b) 2 Ω
(c) 4 Ω
(d) 20 Ω
Q1: A current of 2 A passing through conductor produces 80 J of heat in 10 seconds. The
resistance of the conductor is
(a) 0.5 Ω
(b) 2 Ω
(c) 4 Ω
(d) 20 Ω

Solution:

(b) H = I2Rt
80 = (2)2 × R × 10
R= = 2Ω
Q2: When soft iron is present in the core of a current carrying solenoid, the magnetic
field (as compared to the case when soft iron is not present)
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) is zero
(d) first increases then decreases.
Q2: When soft iron is present in the core of a current carrying solenoid, the magnetic
field (as compared to the case when soft iron is not present)
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) is zero
(d) first increases then decreases.

Solution:

(a), When soft iron is present in the case of a current carrying solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is
increases.
Q3: Two resistances are connected in parallel and a current is sent through the
combination. The current divides itself
(a) in the inverse ratio of resistance
(b) in the direct ratio of resistance
(c) equally in both the resistances
(d) in none of the above manner
Q3: Two resistances are connected in parallel and a current is sent through the
combination. The current divides itself
(a) in the inverse ratio of resistance
(b) in the direct ratio of resistance
(c) equally in both the resistances
(d) in none of the above manner

Solution:

(a), When two resistors are connected in parallel, the current divides itself in the inverse ratio of resistance.
Q4: The general formula of the homologous series to which ethyne belongs is:
(a) CnH2n+2
(b) CnH2n–2
(c) CnH2n
(d) CnH3n
Q4: The general formula of the homologous series to which ethyne belongs is:
(a) CnH2n+2
(b) CnH2n–2
(c) CnH2n
(d) CnH3n

Solution:

(b) CnH2n–2
Q5: An element X on exposure to moist air turns reddish brown and a new compound Y
is formed. The substance X and Y are
(a) X = Fe, Y = Fe2O3.H2O
(b) X = Cu, Y = CuO
(c) X = Ag, Y = Ag2S
(d) X = Al, Y = Al2O3
Q5: An element X on exposure to moist air turns reddish brown and a new compound Y
is formed. The substance X and Y are
(a) X = Fe, Y = Fe2O3.H2O
(b) X = Cu, Y = CuO
(c) X = Ag, Y = Ag2S
(d) X = Al, Y = Al2O3

Solution:

(a) X = Fe, Y= Fe2O3.H2O

When the surface of iron is attacked by air and moisture, it turns reddish brown due to formation of Hydrated
Iron(III)Oxide which is Rust.
Q6: Which of the following compounds will not conduct electricity in aqueous solution?
(a) NaCl
(b) CCl4
(c) CaCl2
(d) KCl
Q6: Which of the following compounds will not conduct electricity in aqueous solution?
(a) NaCl
(b) CCl4
(c) CaCl2
(d) KCl

Solution:

(b) CCl4
CCl4 is a covalent compound. There are no free ions produced in the aqueous solution. Hence won't conduct electricity.
Q7: Which among the following is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon?
(a) C6H14
(b) C6H6
(c) C2H4
(d) None of these
Q7: Which among the following is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon?
(a) C6H14
(b) C6H6
(c) C2H4
(d) None of these

Solution:

(b) C6H6
Benzene (C6H6) is an unsaturated cyclic compound.
Q8: The correct sequence of circulation of blood in the human body is:
(a) Lungs - Pulmonary vein - Left ventricle - Left atrium - Aorta - Body organs - Vena cava -
Right Ventricle - Right atrium - Pulmonary artery Lungs
(b) Lungs - Pulmonary vein - Left atrium - Left ventricle – Aorta - Body organs - Vena cava -
Right atrium - Right ventricle - Pulmonary artery Lungs.
(c) Lungs - Left atrium - Left ventricle - Body organs - Vena cava - Right atrium - Right
ventricle - Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary vein - Aorta - Lungs.
(d) Lungs - Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary vein - Body organs - Vena cava Right atrium -
Right ventricle - Aorta - Left ventricle - Left atrium – Lungs
Q8: The correct sequence of circulation of blood in the human body is:
(a) Lungs - Pulmonary vein - Left ventricle - Left atrium - Aorta - Body organs - Vena cava -
Right Ventricle - Right atrium - Pulmonary artery Lungs
(b) Lungs - Pulmonary vein - Left atrium - Left ventricle – Aorta - Body organs - Vena cava -
Right atrium - Right ventricle - Pulmonary artery Lungs.
(c) Lungs - Left atrium - Left ventricle - Body organs - Vena cava - Right atrium - Right
ventricle - Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary vein - Aorta - Lungs.
(d) Lungs - Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary vein - Body organs - Vena cava Right atrium -
Right ventricle - Aorta - Left ventricle - Left atrium – Lungs

Solution:

(b) Lungs - Pulmonary vein - Left atrium - Left ventricle - Aorta - Body organs - Vena cava - Right atrium - Right ventricle -
Pulmonary artery Lungs.
Q9: The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by a piece of black paper for a
period of 3 days. After 3 days, the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the
area under the black paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for
starch.

What was the experiment trying to test?

(a) If plants make their own food
(b) If light is required for plants to make food
(c) If plants can respire in the absence of light
(d) If plants can survive even in the absence of light
Q9: The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by a piece of black paper for a
period of 3 days. After 3 days, the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the
area under the black paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for
starch.

What was the experiment trying to test?

(a) If plants make their own food
(b) If light is required for plants to make food
(c) If plants can respire in the absence of light
(d) If plants can survive even in the absence of light
Solution:

(b) If light is required for plants to make food

Q10: The following results were obtained by a scientist who crossed the F₁ generation of
pure breeding parents for round and wrinkled seeds.

Dominant trait Recessive trait No. of F₂ off springs

Round seeds Wrinkled seeds 7524

From these results, it can be concluded that the actual number of round seeds he
obtained was:
(a) 1181
(b) 22572
(c) 2508
(d) 5643
Q10: The following results were obtained by a scientist who crossed the F₁ generation of
pure breeding parents for round and wrinkled seeds.

Dominant trait Recessive trait No. of F₂ off springs

Round seeds Wrinkled seeds 7524

From these results, it can be concluded that the actual number of round seeds he
obtained was:
(a) 1181
(b) 22572
(c) 2508
(d) 5643

Solution:

(d) 5643
Q11: The figure shows the movement of a stem. X is a part of the stem. The movement of
plant hormone auxin in cells regulates cell elongation and growth of plants in a particular
direction

What would the size of cells and the distribution of auxin at part X of the stem look like?
(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)
Q11: The figure shows the movement of a stem. X is a part of the stem. The movement of
plant hormone auxin in cells regulates cell elongation and growth of plants in a particular
direction

What would the size of cells and the distribution of auxin at part X of the stem look like?
(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)

Solution:

(b)
Q12: The diagram shows the reproductive system of a human female.
1, 2, 3 and 4 are four different parts of the system.

Fertilisation is the union of a sperm with a mature egg.

In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation take place?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Q12: The diagram shows the reproductive system of a human female.
1, 2, 3 and 4 are four different parts of the system.

Fertilisation is the union of a sperm with a mature egg.

In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation take place?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Solution:

(a) 1
Q13: An object 20 cm from a spherical mirror give rise to a virtual image 15 cm behind
the mirror. The type of the mirror and its focal length is
(a) concave, 8.5 cm
(b) convex, 30 cm
(c) concave, 60 cm
(d) convex, 60 cm
Q13: An object 20 cm from a spherical mirror give rise to a virtual image 15 cm behind
the mirror. The type of the mirror and its focal length is
(a) concave, 8.5 cm
(b) convex, 30 cm
(c) concave, 60 cm
(d) convex, 60 cm

Solution:

(d) Taking new Cartesian sign conventions

Q14: On passing excess Carbon Dioxide gas through lime water, the milkiness
disappears. This is due to formation of?
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Calcium Oxide
(c) Calcium Bicarbonate
(d) Calcium hydroxide
Q14: On passing excess Carbon Dioxide gas through lime water, the milkiness
disappears. This is due to formation of?
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Calcium Oxide
(c) Calcium Bicarbonate
(d) Calcium hydroxide

Solution:

(c) Calcium Bicarbonate

On passing excess Carbon Dioxide through lime water, Calcium bicarbonate is formed, Ca(HCO3)2 which is water
soluble, hence milkiness disappears.
Q15: Carbon atoms in graphite are combined with how many other carbon atoms?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Q15: Carbon atoms in graphite are combined with how many other carbon atoms?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Solution:

(c) 3
Each carbon atom in Graphite is covalently bonded to 3 other carbon atoms.
Q16: By what percentage water is present in the rectified spirit?
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 7%
(d) 8%
Q16: By what percentage water is present in the rectified spirit?
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 7%
(d) 8%

Solution:

(a) 5%
Q17: Assertion (A): Alkanes give addition reaction.
Reason (R): Addition reactions are a characteristic property of unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
Q17: Assertion (A): Alkanes give addition reaction.
Reason (R): Addition reactions are a characteristic property of unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true

Solution:

(d) A is False but R is true

Q18: Assertion: The allele for tallness in pea plants is dominant.
Reason: The allele for tallness can express itself even in a heterozygous condition.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
Q18: Assertion: The allele for tallness in pea plants is dominant.
Reason: The allele for tallness can express itself even in a heterozygous condition.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true

Solution:

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Q19: Assertion: Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multicellular
organisms.
Reason: Diffusion is a fast process but only occurs at the surface of the body.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
Q19: Assertion: Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multicellular
organisms.
Reason: Diffusion is a fast process but only occurs at the surface of the body.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true

Solution:

(c) A is true but R is false

Q20: Assertion: The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is
independent of its length and cross sectional area.
Reason: The magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
Q20: Assertion: The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is
independent of its length and cross sectional area.
Reason: The magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true

Solution:

(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
Q21: Name the substance obtained by action of chlorine on dry slaked lime. Write a
chemical equation of the reaction.
OR
How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in the
river difficult?
Q21: Name the substance obtained by action of chlorine on dry slaked lime. Write a
chemical equation of the reaction.
OR
How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in the
river difficult?

Solution:

Bleaching powder
i.e. calcium oxychloride is obtained. [1 mark]
Chemical equation:
[1 mark]

OR
Acid rain water when flows into the river, the pH of river water changes which makes the aquatic life difficult to survive.
[1 mark]
The pH range suitable for aquatic survival is 7.0 to 7.8 but due to acid rain water, pH of river water decreases. [1 mark]
Q22: In birds and mammals the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give
reasons.
Q22: In birds and mammals the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give
reasons.

Solution:

The separation keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing allowing a highly efficient supply of oxygen to
the body. This is useful in animals that have high energy needs (birds and mammals) which constantly use energy to
maintain their body temperature.
Q23: Patients whose gallbladder are removed are recommended to eat less oily food.
Why?
Q23: Patients whose gallbladder are removed are recommended to eat less oily food.
Why?

Solution:

Gallbladder stores bile which helps in (½ x 4 = 2 Marks) emulsification of lipids (1 Mark). In the absence of stored bile,
emulsification of fats will be negligible/ affected/ less (1 Mark) and thus fat digestion will be slow. Hence there are such
diet restrictions.
Q24: A person has a sweet tooth and consumes banana milkshakes and sweets every
day.
1. Which hormone is expected to increase in the blood of this person if he consumes
banana milkshakes regularly?
2. Which gland of the body secretes that hormone?
3. What is the name of the disease associated with high blood sugar levels?
4. Is there a way this hormone imbalance can be treated?
Q24: A person has a sweet tooth and consumes banana milkshakes and sweets every
day.
1. Which hormone is expected to increase in the blood of this person if he consumes
banana milkshakes regularly?
2. Which gland of the body secretes that hormone?
3. What is the name of the disease associated with high blood sugar levels?
4. Is there a way this hormone imbalance can be treated?

Solution:

1. Insulin
2. Pancreas
3. Diabetes
4. As a treatment, they might be taking injections of insulin.
Q25: A student observes the phenomenon in the lab as a white light passes through a
prism. Among many other colours, he observed the position of the colours red and
violet.

What is the phenomenon called? What is the reason for the violet light to bend more
than the red light?
Q25: A student observes the phenomenon in the lab as a white light passes through a
prism. Among many other colours, he observed the position of the colours red and
violet.

What is the phenomenon called? What is the reason for the violet light to bend more
than the red light?

Solution:

The phenomenon is called dispersion.

The speed of violet light inside the prism is slowest and that of red is highest. Hence, deviation of violet light is
maximum and that of red is minimum.
Q26: DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would the
trophic levels in the following food chain be affected. Justify your answer.
Which organism will be affected the most
Q26: DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would the
trophic levels in the following food chain be affected. Justify your answer.
Which organism will be affected the most

Solution:

DDT being a nonbiodegradable pesticide will enter the food chain from the first trophic level i.e Plankton. (½ Mark)
Non biodegradable pesticides accumulate progressively at each trophic level. This phenomenon is known as biological
magnification.
HAWK will have the highest level of pesticide. mark (½ Mark)
Q27: Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days- these could be returned
to the vendors, cleaned and reused. Later, Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups.
Now, paper cups are used for serving tea. What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic
to Kulhads and then finally to paper cups?
Q27: Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days- these could be returned
to the vendors, cleaned and reused. Later, Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups.
Now, paper cups are used for serving tea. What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic
to Kulhads and then finally to paper cups?

Solution:

Reuse of Plastic cups raised the concern towards hygiene thus they were replaced by disposable plastic cups. Plastic
cups are non-biodegradable and harm the environment. They were thus replaced by Kulhads. Making Kulhad made of
clay on a large scale resulted in the loss of top fertile soil. Now, disposable paper cups are used because - the paper can
be recycled, it is biodegradable and is eco-friendly material which does not cause environmental pollution.
Q28: Mention and explain the function of an earth wire. Why it is necessary to earth
metallic appliance?
Q28: Mention and explain the function of an earth wire. Why it is necessary to earth
metallic appliance?

Solution:

Many electric appliances of daily use like electric press, heater, toaster, refrigerator, table fan etc., have a metallic body.
if the insulation of any of these appliances melts and makes contact with the metallic casing, the person touching it is
likely to receive a severe electric shock. This is due to the reason that the metallic casing will be at the same potential as
the applied one. Obviously, the electric current will flow through the body of the person who touches the appliance. To
avoid such serious accidents, the metal casing of the electric appliance is earthed. Since the earth does not offer any
resistance, the current flows to the earth through the earth wire instead of flowing through the body of the person.
Q29: Study the image carefully and answer the following:

a. What does the diagram given below depict?

b. What are A and B?
c. Which vessel carried deoxygenated blood to lungs and which vessel brings oxygenated
blood from lungs to heart?
OR
Justify the statement: Food gets completely digested in small intestine.
Q29: Study the image carefully and answer the following:

a. What does the diagram given below depict?

b. What are A and B?
c. Which vessel carried deoxygenated blood to lungs and which vessel brings oxygenated
blood from lungs to heart?
OR
Justify the statement: Food gets completely digested in small intestine.
Solution:

(a) Double circulation.

(b) A - pulmonary circulation.
B - systemic circulation.
(c) Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins.
OR
(a) Small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal.
(b) It is the site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
(c) The secretions of liver and pancreas are released in this part.
(d) Bile juice, a secretion of liver, helps to change the acidic food into alkaline which is essential for the action of
pancreatic enzymes.
(e) Bile salts break down the large globules of fats into smaller globules, increasing the efficiency of enzyme action.
(f) Pancreatic lipase helps in breakdown of fats and converts them into fatty acids and glycerol.
• Trypsin converts proteins into amino acids and pancreatic amylase converts carbohydrates to glucose.
Q30: An electric appliance takes 5 A from a 220 V line. Determine its power and the
energy consumed in 2 hours
OR
Study the I-V graph for four conductors A, B, C and D having resistance RA, RB. RC and RD
respectively, and answer the following questions:

(i) Which one of these is a best conductor?

(ii) If all the conductors are of same length and same material, which is the thickest?
(iii) If all the conductors are of same thickness and of same material, which is the longest?
(iv) If the dimensions of all the conductors are identical, but their materials are different
which one would you use as (a) resistance wire, (b) connecting wire?
Q30: An electric appliance takes 5 A from a 220 V line. Determine its power and the
energy consumed in 2 hours
OR
Study the I-V graph for four conductors A, B, C and D having resistance RA, RB. RC and RD
respectively, and answer the following questions:

(i) Which one of these is a best conductor?

(ii) If all the conductors are of same length and same material, which is the thickest?
(iii) If all the conductors are of same thickness and of same material, which is the longest?
(iv) If the dimensions of all the conductors are identical, but their materials are different
which one would you use as (a) resistance wire, (b) connecting wire?
Solution:

Here, I = 5 A, V = 220 V, t = 2 h = 2 × 60 × 60 = 7200s

Power, P = VI = 220 × 5 = 1100 W
Energy consumed, E = VI t = 220 × 5 × 7200 = 7920000 J
OR
1 Slope = is least for RA.
So, RA > RB > RC > RD
(i) D is the best conductor, as it has the least resistance among A, B, C and D.
(ii) Area of cross-section
So, D is the thickest.
(iii) Resistance ∝ length. So, A is the longest.
(iv) (a) Resistance wire - A
(b) Connecting wire – D
Q31: What is hypermetropia? Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation of an
object by
(i) Hypermetropic eye
(ii) Correction made with a suitable lens for hypermetropic eye.
Q31: What is hypermetropia? Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation of an
object by
(i) Hypermetropic eye
(ii) Correction made with a suitable lens for hypermetropic eye.
Solution:

(i) Hypermetropia: It is a defect in an eye in which a person is not able to see nearby object distinctly but can see far
objects clearly.
Hypermetropia is caused due to following reasons: Shortening of the eyeball and large focal length of crystalline lens.
(a)

Hypermetropia can be corrected by using convex lens of appropriate focal length.

(b)
Q32: An ore on treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid produces brisk effervescence.
What type of ore is this? What steps will be required to obtain metal from the enriched
ore.
Q32: An ore on treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid produces brisk effervescence.
What type of ore is this? What steps will be required to obtain metal from the enriched
ore.

Solution:

It is a carbonate ore.
(i) Calcination: Carbonate ore is heated in limited supply of air and oxide is obtained, e.g.
ZnCO3(s) ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
(ii) Reduction with carbon: Oxide ore is heated with carbon.
ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
Q33: What is a homologous series of carbon compounds? List its two characteristics.
Write the name and formula of the next higher homologue of HCOOH.
Q33: What is a homologous series of carbon compounds? List its two characteristics.
Write the name and formula of the next higher homologue of HCOOH.

Solution:

Homologous series: A group of organic compounds having the same functional group in which the successive
members differ by a –CH2 group or 14 u molecular mass. [1 mark]
Characteristics of homologous series:
• Members of a homologous series can be represented using the same general formula.
• Members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties. [½ + ½ marks]
Next higher homologue of HCOOH:
Name: Ethanoic acid
Formula: CH3COOH [½ + ½ marks]
Q34: (a) Two carbon compounds P and Q have the molecular formula C3H6 and C3H8
respectively. Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction? Justify your
answer. Also give the chemical equation to explain the process of addition reaction in this
case.
(b) (i) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in air.
(ii) What two forms of energy are liberated from burning alcohol?
(c) What is a saponification reaction?
OR
Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name suffixed
with `-ol' and having two carbon atoms in the molecule. State its two properties. With the
help of a balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with
excess of conc. H2SO4. What role does conc. H2SO4 play in this reaction?
Q34: (a) Two carbon compounds P and Q have the molecular formula C3H6 and C3H8
respectively. Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction? Justify your
answer. Also give the chemical equation to explain the process of addition reaction in this
case.
(b) (i) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in air.
(ii) What two forms of energy are liberated from burning alcohol?
(c) What is a saponification reaction?
OR
Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name suffixed
with `-ol' and having two carbon atoms in the molecule. State its two properties. With the
help of a balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with
excess of conc. H2SO4. What role does conc. H2SO4 play in this reaction?
Solution:

(a)
C3H6 (CnH2n) is likely to show addition reaction because it has a double bond between Carbon atoms. [1 Mark]
Addition Reaction:
CH2 = CH — CH3 + H2 CH3 — CH2 — CH3 [1 Mark]

(b)
(i) CO2 and H2O are formed. [1 Mark]
C2H5OH(I) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(I) + Heat + Light
(ii) Heat energy and light energy. [½ + ½ Mark]
(c) Saponification in the process in which an ester is treated with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salt of acid and
alcohol is formed. [1 Mark]
OR
It is ethanol, its molecular formula is C2H6O [½ + ½ Mark]
Properties of ethanol:
(i) It has specific smell [1 Mark]
(ii) It is soluble in water. [1 Mark]
Ethanol forms ethene, when heated with conc. H2SO4
[1 Mark]

Conc H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent. [1 Mark]

Q35: (a) Differentiate between germination and fertilization.
(b) State in brief the functions of the following parts of the human male reproductive
system:
(i) Scrotum
(ii) Testes
(iii) Vas deferens
OR
(a) Draw a neat diagram to show fertilization in a flower and label on in the following
parts:
(i) Stigma
(ii) Pollen tube
(iii) Ovary
(b) State the function of pollen tube.
(c) List in tabular form any two differences between a male gamete and a female gamete.
Q35: (a) Differentiate between germination and fertilization.
(b) State in brief the functions of the following parts of the human male reproductive
system:
(i) Scrotum
(ii) Testes
(iii) Vas deferens
OR
(a) Draw a neat diagram to show fertilization in a flower and label on in the following
parts:
(i) Stigma
(ii) Pollen tube
(iii) Ovary
(b) State the function of pollen tube.
(c) List in tabular form any two differences between a male gamete and a female gamete.
Solution:

(a) Germination: Development of embryo present in seed into a seedling is termed as germination. (1 Mark)
Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization. (1 Mark)
(b) (i) Scrotum provides an optimal temperature for the formation of sperms. This temperature is 1°C-3°C lower than the
temperature of the body. (1 Mark)
(ii) The testes not only produce male gametes (sperms) but also the male hormone (testosterone). (1 Mark)
(iii) Vas deferens is a tube like passage through which the sperms formed in testis are delivered to urethra. (1 Mark)
OR
(a)

(Diagram: ½ Mark, 3 labels: ½ Mark each)

(b) Function of pollen tube: To transfer a male germ cell from stigma to embryo sac of ovule where female germ cell is
present. (1 Mark)
(c) (½ Mark each)

Male gamete Female gamete

(i) These are smaller. These are larger because they contain food reserve.
(ii) They are motile. They are non-motile.
Q36: A student focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex
lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under
Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen =
88.0 cm
(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens?
(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards the lens at a position
of 31.0 cm?
(iii) What will be the nature of the image formed if he further shifts the candle towards
the lens?
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case (iii) as said above.
Q36: A student focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex
lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under
Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen =
88.0 cm
(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens?
(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards the lens at a position
of 31.0 cm?
(iii) What will be the nature of the image formed if he further shifts the candle towards
the lens?
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case (iii) as said above.
Solution:

Distance of object (candle) from lens,

u = 12 cm – 50 cm = –38 cm
Distance of image from lens, v = 88 cm – 50 cm = 38 cm
(i) Using lens formula,

(ii) New position of object,

u = 31 cm – 50 cm = –19 cm
From lens formula,
The image forms at infinity.
(iii) If the student further shifts the candle towards the lens, the candle will lie between focus and optical centre of the
convex lens. Therefore, the image will be enlarged, virtual and erect and on the same side of the lens as the object.
(iv)
Q37: Question numbers i - iii are based on the table given below. Study the table and
answer the following questions.

S. No. Generation Phenotypic ratio

1. F1 generation 23 pairs
2. F2 generation 22 pairs

(i) Define Heredity.

(ii) What is the dominant allele?
(iii) Define the term phenotype.
OR
(iii) What is the meaning of genotype?
Q37: Question numbers i - iii are based on the table given below. Study the table and
answer the following questions.

S. No. Generation Phenotypic ratio

1. F1 generation 23 pairs
2. F2 generation 22 pairs

(i) Define Heredity.

(ii) What is the dominant allele?
(iii) Define the term phenotype.
OR
(iii) What is the meaning of genotype?
Solution:

(i) According to the law of dominance, the parent contains two alleles out of which one is the dominant allele while the
other is the recessive allele.
(ii) The allele that expresses itself and reduces the expression of other alleles is termed as the dominant allele.
(iii) The set of the morphological characteristics of an organism that are resulted from the interactions of the genes is
known as the phenotype of the individual. For example, in pea plants, tallness is a phenotypic trait.
OR
(iii) The set of the alleles in DNA that carries the information for the expression of a trait in an individual is known as its
genotype. For example, genotype 'TT' expresses the tallness in plants.
Q38: (a) Match column A with column B.

Column A (Compound) Column B (Name)

P. Na2CO3 .10H2O 1. Plaster of paris
Q. CaSO4 ½H2O 2. Baking soda
R. NaHCO3 3. Bleaching powder
S. CaOCl2 4. Washing soda

(b) A student detected the pH of four unknown solutions A = 11, B = 5, C = 7 and D = 2.

Predict the nature of the solution.
OR
What is the chemical formula for Plaster of Paris? How is it prepared? State the common
and chemical names of the compound formed when Plaster of Paris is mixed with water.
Q38: (a) Match column A with column B.

Column A (Compound) Column B (Name)

P. Na2CO3 .10H2O 1. Plaster of paris
Q. CaSO4 ½H2O 2. Baking soda
R. NaHCO3 3. Bleaching powder
S. CaOCl2 4. Washing soda

(b) A student detected the pH of four unknown solutions A = 11, B = 5, C = 7 and D = 2.

Predict the nature of the solution.
OR
What is the chemical formula for Plaster of Paris? How is it prepared? State the common
and chemical names of the compound formed when Plaster of Paris is mixed with water.
Solution:

(a)

Column A (Compound) Column B (Name)

P. Na2CO3 .10H2O 4. Washing soda
Q. CaSO4 ½H2O 1. Plaster of paris
R. NaHCO3 2. Baking soda
S. CaOCl2 3. Bleaching powder

(b)
A is basic. [1/2 Mark]
B is acidic. [1/2 Mark]
C is neutral. [1/2 Mark]
D is strongly acidic. [1/2 Mark]
OR
Chemical formula for plaster of paris is CaSO4 ½H2O [1 Mark]
It is prepared by heating gypsum at 373 K as shown by the following equation: [1 Mark]
[1 Mark]

When Plaster of Paris is mixed with water, gypsum (common name) is formed again. Chemically it is known as calcium
sulphate dihydrate. [1 Mark]
Q39: The curved surface of a spoon can be considered as a spherical mirror. A highly
smooth polished surface is called mirror. The mirror whose reflecting surface is curved
inwards or outwards is called a spherical mirror. Inner park works as a concave mirror
and the outer bulging part acts as a convex mirror. The center of the reflecting surface of
a spherical mirror is called pole and the radius of the sphere of which the mirror is
formed is called radius of curvature.
(a) When a concave mirror is held towards the sun and its sharp image is formed on a
piece of carbon paper for some time, a hole is burnt in the carbon paper. What is the
name given to the distance between the mirror and carbon paper?
(b) In a convex spherical mirror, at which surface reflection of light takes place?
(c) The focal length of a convex mirror is 15 cm. If an insect is located at 25 cm from this
mirror find the location of its image.
Q39: The curved surface of a spoon can be considered as a spherical mirror. A highly
smooth polished surface is called mirror. The mirror whose reflecting surface is curved
inwards or outwards is called a spherical mirror. Inner park works as a concave mirror
and the outer bulging part acts as a convex mirror. The center of the reflecting surface of
a spherical mirror is called pole and the radius of the sphere of which the mirror is
formed is called radius of curvature.
(a) When a concave mirror is held towards the sun and its sharp image is formed on a
piece of carbon paper for some time, a hole is burnt in the carbon paper. What is the
name given to the distance between the mirror and carbon paper?
(b) In a convex spherical mirror, at which surface reflection of light takes place?
(c) The focal length of a convex mirror is 15 cm. If an insect is located at 25 cm from this
mirror find the location of its image.
Solution:

(a) The focal length of a concave mirror is the distance between its pole and principal focus.
(b) Reflection of light take place at bulging out surface.
(c) Given that, = 15 cm
Radius of curvature of a convex mirror is given as
R = 2F
∴ R = 2 × 15 = 30 cm
From mirror formula