Li

ver
:
Ent
eralnut
ri
ti
onispr
efer
redoverparenter
alnut
ri
ti
onwhent
reat
ing
pat
ient
swithsev
ere,
acutepancreat
iti
sbecause:

A)
Ent
eral
nut
ri
ti
oni
smor
eexpensi
ve.
B)
Ent
eral
nut
ri
ti
oncanpr
eventpseudocy
stsf
rom dev
elopi
ng.
C)Fail
uret
ouset
hegast
roi
ntest
inal
tractexacer
bat
est
hest
ress
response.
D)
Iti
snott
hepr
efer
redr
out
eofnut
ri
ti
on.

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngmaybeprovidedt
oapat
ientwi
thchr
oni
c
pancr
eati
ti
stomini
mizest
eat
orr
hea?

A)
Wat
er-
sol
ubl
efor
m off
at-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns
B)
Pancr
eat
icenzy
mer
epl
acement
s
C)
Ant
aci
ds
D)
Prot
onpumpi
nhi
bit
ors

Whichoft
hef
oll
owingi
schar
act
eri
zedbyt
hepr
esenceofgal
l
stones
i
nthecommonbil
educt?

A)
Chol
angi
ti
s
B)
Chol
ecy
sti
ti
s
C)
Chol
edochol
i
thi
asi
s
D)
Cir
rhosi
s
:I
ncr
easedser
um aromat
icaminoaci
dsanddecr
easedser
um
br
anched-
chai
naminoaci
dsisassoci
atedwi
th

A)
scl
erosi
ngchol
angi
ti
s.
B)
acut
epancr
eat
it
is.
C)
hepat
icencephal
opat
hy.
D)
chol
ecy
sti
s.
Howi
sser
um al
kal
i
nephosphat
aseusedt
odi
agnosel
i
verdi
sease

A)
Iti
sdecr
easedi
nchol
est
asi
s.
B)
Iti
sincr
easedi
nchol
est
asi
s.
C)
Iti
ndi
cat
espr
olongedbl
eedi
ngt
ime.
D)
Itpr
ecedesj
aundi
ce.
Whichofthefol
lowi
nglaborat
orymeasuresi
sNOTi ncl
udedi
n
Ranson'
scri
teri
atocl
assif
ysev er
it
yofpancr
eat
it
is?

A)
WBC
B)
Bloodgl
ucose
C)
Ser
um cal
cium
D)
Ser
um amy
lase
:Whichoft hef
oll
owing,
whenconsumedbyapat
ientwi
thchr
oni
c
pancreat
it
is,maycausesympt
omst owor
sen?

A)
Fri
edf
oods,
foodswi
thahi
ghsucr
osecont
ent
,andcaf
fei
ne
B)
Car
bohy
drat
es,
low-
fatdai
rypr
oduct
s,andcof
fee
C)
Lar
gemeal
s,f
att
yfoods,
andal
cohol
D)
Redmeat
,sweet
s,andcof
fee
Adefici
encyofwhi
chnut
ri
enti
sassoci
atedwi
thWer
nicke'
s
encephal
opathy
?

A)
Copper
B)
Essent
ial
fat
tyaci
d
C)
Try
ptophan
D)
Thi
ami
n
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngfoodswouldberecommendedtobeav oi
ded
byapatientwi
thWil
son'
sdisease,
inwhichexcr
eti
onofcopperf
rom
thebodybecomesimpair
ed?

A)
Dri
edbeans,
dri
edf
rui
ts,
andshel
l
fish
B)
Eggs,
mil
k,andcheese
C)
Sweetpot
ato,
rice,
andoat
meal
D)
But
ter
,cr
eam,
oil
,andsal
addr
essi
ng
:Whichofthef
ollowi
ngisacommonsi
gnofpor
tal
hyper
tensi
on
secondar
ytoci
rrhosi
s?

A)
Asci
tes
B)
Car
diacar
rhy
thmi
as
C)
Incr
easedgast
roi
ntest
inal
mot
il
it
yandper
ist
alsi
s
D)
Pul
monar
yfi
brosi
s
Whicht
ypeofi
mmunosuppr
essantdr
ugusedinthetr
eatmentofl
iv
er
t
ranspl
anti
smostl
i
kel
ytopromotesodi
um r
etenti
on,hy
pergl
ycemi
a,
andi
mpai
redabsor
pti
onofcal
cium?

A)
Azat
hiopr
ine
B)
Cycl
ospor
ine
C)
Glucocor
ti
coi
d
D)
Tacr
oli
mus
Whichofthefol
lowingsy
mptomsappearswhenpancreat
it
is
progr
essestowheretheabi
l
ityt
osecr
eteasuff
ici
entquanti
tyof
enzymesisimpair
ed?

A)
Const
ipat
ion
B)
Hyper
vit
ami
nosi
sA
C)
Steat
orr
hea
D)
Elev
atedser
um ammoni
a
Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngher
bal
suppl
ement
sisusedt
otr
eatl
i
ver
di
sease?

A)
Mil
kthi
stl
e
B)
Cent
ell
aasi
ati
ca
C)
ephedr
a
D)
Kav
a
Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngbi
ochemi
cal
measur
esi
sat
estoft
hel
i
ver
's
excr
eti
on?

A)
Ser
um al
kal
i
nephosphat
ase
B)
Dir
ectser
um bi
l
irubi
n
C)
Alani
neami
not
ransf
erase
D)
Prot
hrombi
nti
me
Whi
chofthefol
lowi
ng,
wheneat
enbyapat
ientwi
thchol
ecy
sti
ti
s,
maycausepai
n?

A)
High-
prot
einf
oods
B)
High-
fatf
oods
C)
Compl
excar
bohy
drat
es
D)
Simpl
ecar
bohy
drat
es
:
Whi chi
sthemostcommonhepati
ti
svi
rust
hati
spr
imar
il
y
t
ransmit
tedbybl
oodandbodyf
lui
ds?

A)
A
B)
B
C)
D
D)
E
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngrecommendati
onsshoul
dbeincludedinthe
nutr
it
ioncar
eplanforapati
enti
ntheacut
epostli
vert
ransplant
phase?

A)
Cal
ori
erest
ri
cti
on
B)
Incr
easedsodi
um
C)
Decr
easedpr
otei
n
D)
Incr
easedpr
otei
n

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
susedi
nthemedi
cal
treat
mentofasci
tes?
A)
Shuntpl
acement
B)
Whi
ppl
epr
ocedur
e
C)
Par
acent
esi
s
D)
Shock-
wav
eli
thot
ri
psy

Inli
verdi
sease,
whi
chf
act
or(
s)af
fectt
hei
nter
pret
ati
onofser
um
albuminval
ues?

A)
Incr
easedsy
nthesi
sofal
bumi
nbyt
hel
i
ver
B)I
ncr
easedsy
nthesi
sofal
bumi
nbyt
hel
i
verandi
ncr
easedni
tr
ogen
ret
ent
ion
C)
Decreasedsynt
hesi
sofal
bumi
nbyt
hel
i
verandi
ncr
easedur
inar
y
ni
tr
ogenexcret
ion
D)Decr
easedsy
nthesi
sofal
bumi
nbyt
hel
i
verandt
hepr
esenceof
edemaandascit
es

Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngpar
amet
ersi
sincl
udedi
nSubj
ect
iveGl
obal
Assessment?

A)
Changei
nwei
ght
B)
Nit
rogenbal
ance
C)
Flui
dint
akeandout
put
D)
Liv
erenzy
mel
evel
s
DM:
Whatshoul
dtheper
sonwi
tht
ype1DM dowhenpl
anni
ngt
oexer
cise?

A)
Str
ict
lyadher
etodi
etar
yrest
ri
cti
ons.
B)Decreasei
nsul
i
ndosagedependenceondur
ati
onandi
ntensi
tyof
exerci
se.
C)
Plant
oexer
cisewhent
hei
nsul
i
nispeaki
ng.
D)
Takeanext
rai
nject
ionofi
nsul
i
n.
Whatmustapatientdemonstr
atet
obeacandi
dat
eforuseofor
al
gl
ucose-
lower
ingmedicat
ions?

A)
Funct
ioni
ngal
pha-
cel
l
sint
hepancr
eas
B)
Funct
ioni
ngbet
a-cel
l
sint
hepancr
eas
C)
Funct
ioni
nggast
roi
ntest
inal
mucosa
D)
Resi
stancet
oinsul
i
natal
lti
mes

Whi
chi
nsul
i
npeaksi
nact
ivi
ty2t
o3hour
saf
teri
nject
ion?

A)
Lispr
o(Humal
og)
B)
Det
emi
r(Lev
emi
r)
C)
NPH
D)
Regul
ar
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
saboutgl
ycemi
cindex(
GI)i
sTRUE?

A)
Consumi
ngl
ow-
GImeal
s(<70)i
mpr
ovesov
eral
lgl
ycemi
ccont
rol
.
B)
Speci
fi
ccar
bohy
drat
efoodscanhav
eav
ari
abl
eGI
.
C)
Whencompar edwit
hanequal
amountofst
arch,
sucr
osepr
omot
es
agreat
ergl
ycemicr
esponse.
D)
TheGIofgl
ucosei
slowert
hant
heGIofwhi
tebr
ead.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcont
ri
but
est
othedev
elopmentoft
ype1DM?

A)
Aut
oant
ibodi
est
hatcont
ri
but
etot
hedest
ruct
ionofbet
a-cel
l
s
B)
Insul
i
nresi
stanceandbet
a-cel
lfai
l
ure
C)
Incr
easei
ninsul
i
n-ant
agoni
sthor
monel
evel
s
D)
Dietandsedent
aryl
i
fest
yle

Whati
sther
ecommendat
ionf
orsel
f-moni
tor
ingofbl
oodgl
ucose?

A)
Ever
ymor
ningandev
eryni
ghtbef
orebed

B)
Whent
her
eisachangei
nact
ivi
tyl
evel
ordi
et

C)
Fourormor
eti
mesdai
l
yfort
ype1DM andonet
ofourt
imesf
ort
ype2

DM

D)
Atl
eastei
ghtt
imesadayf
ort
ype1DM
Scr
eeni
ngf
orgest
ati
onaldi
abet
esshoul
doccur

A)
whenassessmentofpr
egnancyi
sfi
rstest
abl
i
shed.

B)
at24t
o28weeks'
gest
ati
on.

C)
38t
o40weeksaf
terconcept
ion.

D)
byt
heendoft
hef
ir
stt
ri
mest
er.

Howdosul
fonyl
ureasandmegl
it
ini
deshel
ptol
owerbl
oodgl
ucose
l
evel
s?

A)
Promot
ingbet
a-cel
lsecr
eti
onofi
nsul
i
n

B)
Decr
easi
ngt
hei
nsul
i
nsensi
ti
vi
tyoft
her
ecept
orcel
l

C)
Incr
easi
nggl
ucosef
ormat
ionf
rom l
i
vergl
ycogen

D)
Decr
easi
ngdeami
nat
ionofpr
otei
n

_
___
___
__i
sNOTasympt
om oft
ype1DM.

A)
Hyper
gly
cemi
a

B)
Lossoft
hir
stsensat
ion

C)
Wei
ghtl
oss

D)
Pol
ydi
psi
a

Whatdoesi
nsul
inpr
omot
einr
egar
dtot
hemet
abol
ism ofl
ipi
ds?
A)
Lipol
ysi
sint
hel
i
ver

B)
Ani
ncr
easei
nser
um f
reef
att
yaci
ds

C)
Lipogenesi
sint
hel
i
ver

D)
Thebr
eakdownoff
atst
oresi
nadi
poset
issue

Whichoft
hefoll
owingcr
it
eri
aisNOTappr
opr
iat
efort
hedi
agnosi
sof
di
abetesmel
li
tus?

A)
Fast
ingpl
asmagl
ucoseofgr
eat
ert
han126mg/
dl

B)
HbA1cofgr
eat
ert
han7.
0%

C)
Post
load(
2hour
)pl
asmagl
ucoseof200mg/
dlorgr
eat
er

I
ntheDi
abet
esCont
rolandCompl
icat
ionsTr
ial(
DCCT)
,whi
choft
he
f
oll
owi
ngwasdemonstr
ated?

A)
Str
ictcont
rol
ofpr
otei
nint
ake,
par
ti
cul
arl
yani
mal
prot
ein,
impr
oves

gl
ucosecont
rol
.

B)
Mini
miz
ingt
henumberofmeal
sandsnacksperdaydecr
eases

hy
per
gly
cemi
cepi
sodes.

C)
Str
ictcont
rol
ofcar
bohy
drat
eint
ake,
par
ti
cul
arl
ysi
mpl
esugar
s,

i
mpr
ovesgl
ucosecont
rol
.

D)
Str
ictcont
rol
ofbl
oodgl
ucoser
educesl
ong-
ter
m compl
i
cat
ionsof

di
abet
es.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTt
rueaboutamyl
in?

A)
Iti
sagl
ucor
egul
ator
yhor
mone.

B)
Iti
spr
oducedi
npancr
eat
icbet
a-cel
l
s.

C)
Itcount
eract
stheef
fect
sofi
nsul
i
n.

D)
Def
ici
encyi
sassoci
atedwi
thTI
DM.

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngwoul
dNOTr
esul
tinpost
prandi
al(
react
ive)
hypogl
ycemia?

A)
Rapi
dgl
ucoseabsor
pti
on

B)
Excessi
vei
nsul
i
nsecr
eti
on

C)
Insuf
fi
cientgl
ucagonsecr
eti
on

D)
Excessi
vehepat
icgl
uconeogenesi
s

Ifapat
ientwi
thtype2DM recei
vesanut
ri
ti
onprescr
ipt
ionf
ora2000-
kcaldi
et,whi
chofthef
oll
owingshoul
dbeused?

A)
50%car
bohy
drat
e,20%pr
otei
n,30%f
at

B)
40%car
bohy
drat
e,30%pr
otei
n,30%f
at

C)
20%car
bohy
drat
e,40%pr
otei
n,40%f
at

D)
Amacr
onut
ri
entdi
str
ibut
ioni
ndi
vi
dual
i
zedbasedont
hepat
ient
's

met
abol
i
cpr
ofi
l
e
Whatcondi
ti
onoccurswhenr
eboundhyper
glycemi
afol
lowsan
epi
sodeofhypogl
ycemia?

A)
Somogy
ief
fect

B)
Cushi
ngsy
ndr
ome

C)
Dawnphenomenon

D)
Hyper
gly
cemi
chy
per
osmol
arst
ate

Whi
chofthefoll
owi
ngi
soneoft
heADA'
sMNTgoal
sforal
lpeopl
e
wi
thdi
abetes?

A)
Promot
ewei
ghtl
oss.

B)
Achi
evebl
oodgl
ucosecont
rol
.

C)
Limi
tdi
etar
ychol
est
erol
.

D)
Limi
tint
akeofsi
mpl
ecar
bohy
drat
es.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTapot
ent
ialacut
ecompl
icat
ionoft
ype1
DM?

A)
Hypogl
ycemi
a

B)
Hyper
gly
cemi
a

C)
Ket
oaci
dosi
s

D)
Bloodv
essel
damage

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTami
crovascul
ardi
seaseassoci
atedwi
th
hyper
glycemi
cpat
ient
s?

A)
Ret
inopat
hy

B)
Neur
opat
hy

C)
Nephr
opat
hy

D)
Per
ipher
alv
ascul
ardi
sease

CDV:

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngl
ipopr
otei
nsi
sconsi
der
edt
obet
hemost
at
herogenic?

A)
Chy
lomi
crons

B)
VLDL

C)
LDL

D)
HDL

TheMNTf
orpat
ient
swi
thhyper
tri
glycer
idemi
ashoul
dincl
ude

A)
highamount
sofcar
bohy
drat
e.

B)
soypr
otei
n.
C)
2to4gEPAandDHAperday
.

D)
1gEPAandDHAperday
.

Whichmedicalprocedur
eusedtotreatpat
ient
swi
thasympt
omat
ic
i
schemiaoranginainvol
vesaball
oon?

A)
Car
diaccat
het
eri
zat
ion

B)
Per
cut
aneouscor
onar
yint
erv
ent
ion

C)
Cor
onar
yst
ent

D)
CABG

Whichofthefoll
owingl
ipopr
otei
nsnormallyret
urnsmostoft
he
chol
est
eroltotheli
verf
ordisposalvi
areverset
ranspor
t?

A)
Chy
lomi
crons

B)
VLDL

C)
LDL

D)
HDL

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcausesbl
oodpr
essur
etoi
ncr
ease?

A)
Vasodi
l
ati
on

B)
Decr
easedcar
diacout
put

C)
Decr
easedv
ascul
arr
esi
stance
D)
Incr
easedper
ipher
alr
esi
stance

The"accept
abl
e"r
angef
orLDLchol
est
eroli
n2-t
o19-
year
-ol
d
chi
ldr
enandyoungadul
tsi
s

A)
lesst
han170mg/
dL.

B)
115t
o129mg/
dL.

C)
lesst
han110mg/
dL.

D)
80t
o100mg/
dL.

Whichclassofdr
ugsr
educesLDLl
evel
sbyi
nhi
bit
ingt
hesynt
hesi
sof
chol
esterol
?

A)
Bil
eaci
dsequest
rant
s

B)
Nicot
ini
caci
d

C)
HMGCoAr
educt
asei
nhi
bit
ors

D)
Fibr
icaci
dder
ivat
ives

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngdecr
easesi
ncongest
ivehear
tfai
lur
e?

A)
Bet
a-nat
ri
uret
icpept
ide

B)
Eject
ionf
ract
ion

C)
Car
diacr
emodel
i
ng

D)
Int
erl
euki
n-1
I
nregar
dtof
oodl
abel
s,whati
sthedef
ini
ti
onof"
sodi
um f
ree?
"

A)
Nosodi
um orsodi
um chl
ori
deatal
l

B)
Lesst
han1mgofsodi
um perser
vingandnosodi
um chl
ori
de

C)
Lesst
han5mgofsodi
um perser
vingandnosodi
um chl
ori
de

D)
Lesst
han10mgofsodi
um perser
vingandnosodi
um chl
ori
de

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngl
ipopr
otei
nsi
sconsi
der
edt
obet
ri
glycer
ider
ich?

A)
VLDL

B)
IDL

C)
LDL

D)
HDL

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngl
ipopr
otei
nsi
spr
imar
ychol
est
erolcar
ri
eri
n
bl
ood?

A)
Chy
lomi
crons

B)
VLDL

C)
LDL

D)
HDL

CVDi
sthel
eadi
ngcauseofdeat
hint
heUni
tedSt
atesi
n
A)
menonl
y.

B)
womenonl
y.

C)
Afr
icanAmer
icanWomenbutnotwhi
tewomen.

D)
menandwomen.

Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngpromot
eshomeost
ati
ccont
rolofbl
ood
pr
essurei
ntheshor
tter
m?

A)
Kidneycont
rol
off
lui
dlev
els

B)
Sympat
het
icner
voussy
stem secr
eti
onofnor
epi
nephr
ine

C)
Secr
eti
onofr
eni
nfr
om t
henephr
ons

D)
Act
ivat
ionoft
her
eni
n-angi
otensi
nsy
stem

Di
uret
icswor
ktol
owerbl
oodpr
essur
eby

A)
promot
ingv
asodi
l
ati
on.

B)
inhi
bit
ingt
her
eni
n-angi
otensi
nsy
stem.

C)
decr
easi
ngbl
oodv
olume.

D)
incr
easi
ngpot
assi
um r
etent
ion.

Whichofthef
oll
owingi
sNOToneoftherecommendat
ionsoft
heTLC
di
etforl
oweri
nghighbl
oodchol
est
erol
?

A)
Reduct
ionoft
otal
fatt
olesst
hanorequal
to20%oft
otal
cal
ori
es
B)
Reduct
ionofsat
urat
edf
att
olesst
han7%oft
otal
cal
ori
es

C)
Reduct
ionoft
otal
chol
est
erol
tol
esst
han200mg

D)
Upt
o20%oft
otal
cal
ori
esasmonounsat
urat
edf
at

Whichofthefol
lowingi
sNOToneoft
hefactorsusedi
nthe
Fr
amingham PointScor
esf
ordet
ermi
ning10-yearCHDri
sk?

A)
Age

B)
HDL

C)
LDL

D)
Smoki
ng

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTassoci
atedwi
thl
ower
ingbl
oodpr
essur
e?

A)
Hawt
hor
nber
ry

B)
Mint

C)
Gar
li
c

Whatisthecondi
ti
oninwhi
chsever
econgesti
vehear
tfai
lur
eis
char
acteri
zedbyastat
eofsever
emalnut
ri
ti
on?

A)
Anor
exi
aner
vosa

B)
Car
diaccachex
ia

C)
Hypoal
bumi
nemi
a
D)
Tissuehy
pox
ia

Whichofthefoll
owingisNOTaproi
nfl
ammatorymarkert
hati
ncr
eases
whenendotheli
aldysf
uncti
onl
eadstounst
abl
eplaquefor
mati
onin
at
heroscl
erosi
s?

A)
Int
erl
euki
n-6

B)
Fibr
inogen

C)
Nit
ri
cox
ide

D)
C-r
eact
ivepr
otei
n

Pul
monar
y:

Whatist
heeff
ectofpul
monar
ydi
seaseonapat
ient
'sener
gy
r
equir
ement
s?

A)
Decr
easedneedf
orener
gybecauseofl
ossofl
eanbodymass

B)
Incr
easedneedf
orener
gybecauseofi
ncr
easedwor
kofbr
eat
hing

C)
Decr
easedneedf
orener
gybecauseofal
ackofphy
sical
act
ivi
ty

D)
Decr
easedneedf
orener
gybecauseofst
arv
ati
on

Whichofthefoll
owingexpl
ainswhynut
ri
ti
onalwast
ingi
scommonl
y
seeninpati
entswit
hCOPD?
A)
Incr
easedener
gyex
pendi
tur
e,decr
easedener
gyi
ntake,
andi
mpai
red

ox
ygenat
ion

B)
Decr
easedox
ygenconsumpt
ionandi
ncr
easedener
gyex
pendi
tur
e

C)
Decr
easedener
gyex
pendi
tur
eanddecr
easedox
ygenconsumpt
ion

D)
Incr
easedox
ygenconsumpt
ionandi
ncr
easedener
gyi
ntake

Whi
chofthef
oll
owingisTRUEr
egar
dingpancr
eat
icenzyme
r
epl
acementt
herapy?

A)
Iti
sneededt
otr
eatal
lpat
ient
swi
thCF.

B)
Iti
sneededt
otr
eatCFpat
ient
swi
thmal
absor
pti
on.

C)
Iti
spr
ovi
dedi
nappr
oxi
mat
elyt
hesamedosagesf
oral
lCFpat
ient
s.

D)
Iti
snotusedt
otr
eatCFpat
ient
s.

Whichofthef
oll
owingr
ecommendat
ionsshoul
dbemadetothe
par
entsofaninf
antwhohasbot
hBPDandesophagealr
efl
ux?

A)
Thi
ckenf
ormul
awi
thbabycer
eal
.

B)
Thi
nfor
mul
awi
thagl
ucosesol
uti
on.

C)
Feedt
hei
nfantposi
ti
onedi
nthesupi
neposi
ti
on.

D)
Del
ayi
ntr
oduct
ionofbabyf
oodunt
il9mont
hsofage.

Whati
sthecur
rentnamef
orbr
onchopul
monar
ydyspl
asi
a?
A)
Chr
oni
clungdi
seaseofpr
emat
uri
ty

B)
Respi
rat
orydi
str
esssy
ndr
ome

C)
Acut
erespi
rat
orydi
str
esssy
ndr
ome

D)
Ast
hma

Whatvit
aminsuppl
ement
ati
onmaybenecessar
yforpat
ient
swi
th
t
ubercul
osi
s?

A)
Vit
ami
nsCandE

B)
Fol
ateandv
itami
nB12

C)
Vit
ami
nsB6andD

D)
Pyr
idox
ineandf
olat
e

Whatpul
monar
ycondi
ti
oni
sacommoncompl
icat
ionofcr
it
icali
ll
ness?

A)
Corpul
monal
e

B)
Emphy
sema

C)
Pneumoni
a

D)
Acut
erespi
rat
orydi
str
esssy
ndr
ome

Whati
sther
ecommendat
ionf
ordet
ermi
ningener
gyneedsf
orpat
ient
s
wi
thCOPD?

A)
Prov
ide30t
o35kcal
/kgofbodywei
ght
.
B)
Prov
ide130%t
o150%oft
heBEE.

C)
Usei
ndi
rectcal
ori
met
ry.

D)
Prov
idet
heEER.

Whi
chr
esul
tsf
rom asweatt
esti
ndi
cat
ethatapat
ientmayhaveCF?

A)
Elev
atedl
evel
sofsodi
um andchl
ori
de

B)
Decr
easedl
evel
sofsodi
um andchl
ori
de

C)
Elev
atedl
evel
sofsodi
um andpot
assi
um

D)
Decr
easedl
evel
sofpot
assi
um andchl
ori
de

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTt
rueofpul
seoxi
met
ry?

A)
Iti
sapul
monar
yfunct
iont
est
.

B)
Itgi
vesi
nfor
mat
iononl
ungv
olume.

C)
Itusesl
i
ghtwav
est
omeasur
eox
ygensat
urat
ionofar
ter
ial
blood.

D)
Itmeasur
est
heabi
l
ityoft
her
espi
rat
orysy
stem t
oex
changeO2and

CO2.

Mor
ningheadacheandconf
usi
onar
esympt
omsof

A)
decr
easedsur
fact
antpr
oduct
ion.

B)
tuber
cul
osi
s.
C)
pul
monar
yedema.

D)
hyper
capni
a.

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ssynt
hesi
zedi
nthel
ungs?

A)
Angi
otensi
nI

B)
Arachi
doni
caci
d

C)
Prost
agl
andi
ns

D)
Hemogl
obi
n

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sTRUEaboutchr
oni
cobst
ruct
ivepul
monar
y
di
sease?

A)
COPDi
srar
elycausedbychr
oni
cbr
onchi
ti
s.

B)
COPDcanpr
ogr
esst
ocorpul
monal
e.

C)
COPDl
eadst
oemphy
sema.

D)
COPDi
snotseeni
nobesepat
ient
s.

Whichvi
tami
nsaret
houghtt
obeofpar t
icul
ari
mpor t
anceint
he
pr
eventi
onandt
reat
mentofbronchopul
monarydysplasi
a?

A)
Pyr
idox
ine,
niaci
n,andf
olat
e

B)
Vit
ami
nsA,
C,andE

C)
Fol
ate,
B12,
andK
D)
Thi
ami
n,r
ibof
lav
in,
andv
itami
nD

Whichoft
hefoll
owingi
sthemostimpor
tantnut
ri
ti
onalassessment
par
ametertoeval
uatei
nthei
nfantwi
thBPD?

A)
Lengt
h

B)
Wei
ght

C)
Headci
rcumf
erence

D)
Ser
um al
bumi
n

Whichvi
tami
nsar
emostl
ikel
ytobedef
ici
enti
nachi
ldwi
thcyst
ic
f
ibr
osis?

A)
Vit
ami
nsA,
E,andC

B)
Wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
nsandK

C)
Vit
ami
nsA,
D,E,
andK

D)
Fat
-sol
ubl
evi
tami
nsandB12

Thepr
imar
ycauseofaspi
rat
ionpneumoni
ais

A)
dri
nki
ngwat
erorot
hert
hinl
i
qui
ds.

B)
tubef
eedi
ngatahi
ghr
ateperhour
.

C)
weakmuscl
es.

D)
excessi
vel
ungsecr
eti
on.
Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngi
sadi
etar
ymodi
fi
cat
ionneededf
ort
reat
ment
ofcyst
icf
ibr
osi
s?

A)
Incr
easedsodi
um f
ori
nfant
s

B)
Reduct
ionoff
att
olesst
han20%ofcal
ori
es

C)
Incr
easedcar
bohy
drat
es

D)
Addi
ti
onal
wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns

Whatt
ermr
efer
stor
api
dbr
eat
hing?

A)
Dyspnea

B)
Hemopt
ysi
s

C)
Tachy
pnea

D)
Aspi
rat
ion

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sadi
seaseofbr
onchi
alhyper
responsi
veness?

A)
Cyst
icf
ibr
osi
s

B)
Emphy
sema

C)
Tuber
cul
osi
s

D)
Ast
hma
Renal
:

Ther
enni
n-angi
otensi
nmechani
sm

A)
regul
atescal
cium andphosphor
usbal
ance.

B)
regul
atesbl
oodpr
essur
e.

C)
ist
hef
ir
stf
unct
ionoft
heki
dneyt
odet
eri
orat
einAFI
.

D)
isr
esponsi
blef
ort
hepr
oduct
ionofEPO.

Renaladaptat
ionsthatper
mit"
nor
mal"f
unct
ionevent
ual
lyf
ail
,causi
ng
aprogressi
ont owar
dESRDbecauseof

A)
lossofnephr
ons.

B)
uremi
a.

C)
incr
easesi
nbl
oodpr
essur
e.

D)
imbal
ancesbet
weengl
omer
ularandt
ubul
arf
unct
ions.

Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngf
oodsdoesNOTpot
ent
ial
lyi
ncr
easet
heaci
dit
y
ofuri
ne?

A)
Lemons

B)
Cranber
ri
es

C)
Chi
cken

D)
Spaghet
tinoodl
es
Whi
chki
dneycondi
ti
oni
sassoci
atedwi
thhemat
uri
a?

A)
Nephr
it
icsy
ndr
ome

B)
Nephr
oti
csy
ndr
ome

C)
Pyel
onephr
it
is

D)
Renal
tubul
araci
dosi
s

Areducti
oninwhichofthef
oll
owingparameter
sisthefi
rstalt
erat
ion
t
hatleadstothedevel
opmentofchr
onicrenalf
ail
ureorend-st
age
r
enaldisease?

A)
Bloodpr
essur
e

B)
Lef
tvent
ri
cul
arej
ect
ion

C)
Bloodv
olume

D)
Glomer
ularf
il
tr
ati
onr
ate

Atl
easthowmuchproteinshoul
dbeprovi
dedbythedi
etofapat
ient
whorecei
veshemodi
alysi
sthreeti
mesperweek?

A)
0.6g/
kgofbodywei
ght

B)
1g/
kgofbodywei
ght

C)
1.2g/
kgofbodywei
ght

D)
1.5g/
kgofbodywei
ght

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
nggui
del
inesshoul
dbef
oll
owedbyapat
ientwho
hasahi
stor
yofki
dneyst
ones?

A)
Decr
easef
lui
dint
aket
okeepur
ineout
putt
olesst
han1Lperday
.

B)
Decr
easei
ntakeofmagnesi
um-
cont
aini
ngant
aci
ds.

C)
Incr
easef
lui
dint
aket
omai
ntai
nur
inar
yout
putatorabov
e2Lperday
.

I
ntakeofwhichoft
hefol
lowi
ngnutr
ient
sisgener
all
yNOTdecr
eased
i
nthenutr
it
ionther
apyofpat
ient
swithESRD?

A)
Sodi
um

B)
Phosphor
us

C)
Cal
cium

D)
Pot
assi
um

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngbl
oodpar
amet
ersi
sassoci
atedwi
thur
emi
a?

A)
Sodi
um gr
eat
ert
han145mEq/
L

B)
Bloodur
eani
tr
ogengr
eat
ert
han100mg/
dL

C)
Creat
ini
nel
evel
bet
ween0.
6and1.
5mg/
dL

D)
eKT/
Vgr
eat
ert
han1.
2

Duri
ngwhichst
ageofchroni
ckidneydi
seasedoestheNati
onalKi
dney
Foundat
ion(
NKF)recommendthataprotei
nint
akeof0.6g/kg/
daybe
i
nit
iat
ed?

A)
Foracut
eki
dneyi
njur
y

B)
WhenHDi
sst
art
ed

C)
Whent
heGFRf
all
sbel
ow25mL/
min

D)
Prot
einshoul
dnev
erbeasl
owas0.
6g/
kg/
day
.

Whenacut
ekidneyi
njury(
AKI)i
scausedbyhyper
trophyoft
he
pr
ost
ate,t
heARFisclassi
fi
edas__
___AKI.

A)
secondar
y

B)
prer
enal

C)
int
ri
nsi
c

D)
post
renal

Thepr
imar
ycauseofanemi
athatpr
esent
sinchr
oni
crenalf
ail
urei
s

A)
lackofhemeandnonhemei
roni
ntake.

B)
lossofi
ront
hrought
hedi
seasedki
dney
.

C)
def
ici
encyoft
hehor
moneer
ythr
opoi
eti
n.

D)
lossofbl
oodt
hroughdi
aly
sis.

Thetypeofr
enalt
her
apyt
hatr
equi
rest
hepat
ientt
orest
ri
ctf
lui
d
i
ntakeis
A)
impai
redr
enal
funct
ion.

B)
hemodi
aly
sis.

C)
CAPD.

D)
CCPD.

I
nchi
ldr
enwi
thCKDt
hepr
imar
ygoalofMNTi
s

A)
tocont
rol
ofhy
per
tensi
on.

B)
fl
uidbal
ance.

C)
nor
mal
growt
handdev
elopment
.

D)
adher
encet
opr
otei
nrest
ri
cti
on.

Whi
chofthef
ollowi
ngcanminimi
zetheresor
pti
oneffect
sof
i
ncr
easedpar
athormoneonbonecal
cium t
hatoccur
sinrenaldi
sease?

A)
Eli
minat
ingcar
bonat
edbev
eragest
odecr
easephosphat
es

B)
Usi
ngt
hiaz
idedi
uret
icst
oel
i
minat
ecal
cium

C)
Suppl
ement
ingcal
cium ear
lyi
nthedi
sease

D)
Decr
easi
ngpr
otei
npr
oduct
shi
ghi
nphosphat
e

Whichofthefol
lowi
ngdiseasesisNOTamongt
het
opt
hree
consi
der
edt ocausenephrot
icsyndr
ome?

A)
Kidneycancer
B)
Diabet
es

C)
Lupus

D)
Amy
loi
dosi
s

Themostcommonr
enalst
onescont
aincal
cium pr
eci
pit
atesof

A)
oxal
ate.

B)
phosphat
e.

C)
phy
tat
e.

Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ncr
easest
heexcr
eti
onofur
inar
ycal
cium and
ur
icaci
d?

A)
Ani
mal
prot
ein

B)
Car
bohy
drat
e

C)
Fat

D)
Incr
easedwat
eri
ntake

Whi
cht
ypeofdi
alysi
str
eat
menti
susual
lydoneatni
ght
?

A)
Cont
inuousambul
ator
yper
it
oneal
dial
ysi
s

B)
Cont
inuouscy
cli
cper
it
oneal
dial
ysi
s

C)
Hemodi
aly
sis

D)
Int
ermi
tt
entdi
aly
sis
Acompli
cati
onofintradi
alyt
icpar
ent
eralnut
ri
ti
ont
hati
sNOT
commonlyassoci
atedwithusualPNi
s

A)
vit
ami
ndef
ici
ency
.

B)
hypophosphat
emi
a.

C)
inf
ect
ion.

D)
hypogl
ycemi
a.

Cancer
:

Chemopr
event
ioni
sthe

A)
phar
macol
ogi
cuseofnut
ri
ent
stosuppr
essorr
ever
secar
cinogenesi
s.

B)
phar
macol
ogi
cuseofmedi
cat
ionst
otr
eatcancer
.

C)
useofCAM t
her
apyt
opr
eventort
reatcancer
.

D)
reduct
ionofcar
cinogeni
cgr
owt
hfact
orsi
nthebl
ood.

Whi
chofthefoll
owingpresentswit
hthesymptomsofpr ogr
essi
ve
wei
ghtl
oss,anorexia,
general
izedwast
ingandweakness,and
i
mmunosuppression?

A)
Radi
ati
on-
inducedent
eri
ti
s

B)
Xer
ost
omi
a
C)
Veno-
occl
usi
vedi
sease

D)
Cancercachex
ia

Incar
cinogenesi
s,whi
chst
epdoesNOTnecessar
il
yoccuri
ntumor
devel
opment ?

A)
Ini
ti
ati
on

B)
Promot
ion

C)
Progr
essi
on

D)
Met
ast
asi
s

Whatcauti
onsshoul
dbemadetoacancerpat
ientconsi
der
inguseofa
macrobi
oti
cdietf
ortr
eat
ment
?

A)
Itmaynotpr
ovi
deenoughener
gyandi
sdef
ici
enti
ncal
cium andv
itami
n

B12.

B)
Itmaybehi
ghi
nener
gy,
fat
,andpr
otei
nandl
owi
nvi
tami
nB12.

C)
Itmaybel
owi
npr
otei
nandhi
ghi
nener
gyandf
at.

D)
Itmaybehi
ghi
npr
otei
nandl
owi
nener
gyandf
at.

Whichofthefol
lowingi
saprotei
nthataf
fect
sfatst
oresdur
ingcancer
andinducesastat
eofanor
exia?

A)
Insul
i
n

B)
Growt
hhor
mone
C)
Tumornecr
osi
sfact
or(
cachect
in)

D)
Glucagon

Epi
demi
ologi
cst
udieshavedemonst
rat
edmostof t
enanassoci
ati
on
bet
weenbodywei
ghtorBMIandwhichsit
e-speci
fi
ccancer
s?

A)
Bladderandl
ung

B)
Breastandpr
ost
ate

C)
Col
on,
pancr
eas,
andt
hyr
oid

D)
Esophagus,
endomet
ri
um,
gal
l
bladder
,andki
dney

Whi
cht
ypeofcancert
reat
menti
ssyst
emi
cther
apy?

A)
Chemot
her
apy

B)
Sur
ger
y

C)
Radi
ati
ont
her
apy

D)
Syngenei
chemat
opoi
eti
cst
em cel
ltr
anspl
ant

Par
ent
eralnut
ri
ti
onsuppor
tshoul
dber
out
inel
yconsi
der
ed

A)
foral
lcancerpat
ient
s.

B)
aft
erhemat
opoi
eti
ccel
ltr
anspl
ant
ati
on(
HCT)
.

C)
forwel
l
-nour
ishedcancerpat
ient
sinwhom or
ali
ntakei
sabout50%of

t
hedesi
redgoal
.
D)
forpat
ient
swi
thadv
ancedcancerwhosedi
seasei
sunr
esponsi
vet
o

chemot
her
apyorr
adi
ati
on.

Gr
aft
-ver
sus-
hostdi
sease(
GVHD)

A)
shoul
dnev
erbet
reat
edwi
thpar
ent
eral
nut
ri
ti
on.

B)
alway
soccur
simmedi
atel
yaf
tert
ranspl
ant
.

C)
isami
norcompl
i
cat
ionofchemot
her
apy
.

Anaut
ologoushemat
opoi
eti
cst
em cel
ltr
anspl
anti
sonei
nvol
ving

A)
stem cel
l
sdonat
edbyasi
bli
ngorpar
ent
.

B)
stem cel
l
sdonat
edbyat
win.

C)
stem cel
l
spr
evi
ousl
ytakenf
rom t
hepat
ient
.

D)
stem cel
l
sfr
om anunr
elat
eddonororcadav
er.

For___
__cancer,
epidemiol
ogicst
udiesi
ndicat
edthatal
cohol
consumpti
onincreasest
heriskofdevel
opment.

A)
ovar
ian

B)
prost
ate

C)
mout
h

D)
pancr
eat
ic

Commonsi
deef
fect
sofr
adi
ati
on-
inducedent
eri
ti
scombi
nedwi
th
smal
lbowelr
esect
ioni
ncl
ude

A)
sor
ethr
oat
,mucosi
ti
s,andsev
eredent
alandgum dest
ruct
ion.

B)
nausea,
vomi
ti
ng,
anddi
arr
hea.

C)
mal
digest
ion,
mal
absor
pti
on,
dehy
drat
ion,
andmal
nut
ri
ti
on.

D)
edema,
asci
tes,
andwei
ghtgai
n.

Whi
chofthefol
lowi
ngmaybeavoidedaf
tercancert
her
apyast
he
r
esul
tofal
ter
ati
onintast
esensat
ion?

A)
Sweet
s

B)
Sal
tyf
oods

C)
Meat
s

D)
Dai
rypr
oduct
s

Thegoalofnut
ri
ti
ont
her
apydur
ingpal
li
ati
vecar
eist
o

A)
repl
eni
shnut
ri
entst
ores.

B)
promot
ewei
ghtgai
n.

C)
impr
oveal
bumi
nst
atus.

D)
all
evi
atesy
mpt
oms.

Forwhichofthefoll
owi
ngprobl
emsassoci
atedwi
thcancertr
eatment
shoul
dahi gh-cal
ori
edi
etsuppl
ement
edwithcal
ori
cal
lydensefoods
beprovided?
A)
Const
ipat
ion

B)
Xer
ost
omi
a

C)
Anor
exi
a

D)
Neut
ropeni
a

(
Mul
ti
pleChoi
ce)

Whi
chofthef
oll
owingisrecommendedinthemedicalnut
ri
ti
on
t
her
apyforapat
ientundergoi
ngsur
gicalt
reat
mentofesophageal
t
umors?

A)
Placementofaf
eedi
ngt
ubeatt
het
imeofsur
ger
y

B)
Oral
li
qui
ddi
etwi
thsuppl
ement
s

C)
Regul
ardi
etwi
thmul
ti
vi
tami
nsuppl
ement
ati
on

D)
Tot
alpar
ent
eral
nut
ri
ti
on

Whichdiet
arymodi
fi
cat
ionwoul
dbeusedwhenapat
ienthas
neutr
openi
a?

A)
Prov
idebl
andl
i
qui
dsandsof
tsol
i
ds.

B)
Avoi
dst
rongf
lav
orsandaci
dicorspi
cyf
oods.

C)
Prov
idespeci
alhandl
i
ngofr
awmeat
s.

D)
Prov
idesaucesandgr
avi
eswi
thf
oods.
Whi
chdi
agnost
icmechani
sm i
susedt
odet
ermi
net
umorsi
ze?

A)
Stagi
ng

B)
Tumorbi
opsy

C)
Tumormar
ker
s

D)
Cyt
oki
nes

Accor
dingtot
heevi
dencef
rom cur
rentr
esearch,
whatrol
edoes
dr
inki
ngregul
aramount
sofcof
feeorteahaveoncancerdevel
opment
?

A)
Ther
eisast
rongcausal
rel
ati
onshi
pbet
weencof
feei
ntakeandcancer
.

B)
Ther
eisasuggest
edcausal
rel
ati
onshi
pbet
weencof
feei
ntakeand

cancer
.

C)
Cof
feemayhav
eanant
icanceref
fect
.

D)
Ther
eisast
rongcausal
rel
ati
onshi
pfort
eabutnotf
orcof
fee.