Let's address the questions step by step, focusing on the relevant mathematical and

logical concepts.

### 1. What does a node mean in an arrow diagram?

A node in an arrow diagram represents a point of activity or an event in a project. It

indicates the start or end of an activity.

### 2. What does an arrow mean in an arrow diagram?

An arrow in an arrow diagram represents the direction of the flow of activities. It connects
nodes and indicates the sequence in which activities must be performed.

### 3. What does a node mean in a node diagram?

In a node diagram, a node represents an event or milestone in a project. It signifies the

completion of one or more activities.

### 4. What does a line mean in a node diagram?

A line in a node diagram represents the relationship or dependency between nodes. It

shows how one activity leads to another.

### 5. What are the main differences between bar charts and networks?

- **Bar Charts**: Visual representation of project timelines, showing start and end dates of
activities.

- **Networks**: Focus on the logical relationships and dependencies between activities,

often used for critical path analysis.

### 6. What are the differences between arrow and node networks?

- **Arrow Networks**: Use arrows to represent activities and nodes to represent events.

- **Node Networks**: Use nodes to represent activities and lines to show dependencies.
### 7. Arrow networks have another name; what is it? What is the reason for this name?

Arrow networks are also known as **Activity-on-Arrow (AoA)** diagrams. This name comes
from the fact that activities are represented by arrows.

### 8. What are the main advantages of node networks over arrow networks?

Node networks (Activity-on-Node, AoN) allow for easier visualization of complex

relationships and can represent multiple dependencies more clearly.

### 9. What is the main advantage of arrow networks over node networks? How was it
overcome?

The main advantage of arrow networks is their simplicity in representing sequential

activities. This was overcome by using node networks, which can represent more complex
relationships and dependencies.

### 10. What are time-scheduled logic diagrams? Discuss their practicality.

Time-scheduled logic diagrams are visual representations that show the timing and
sequence of activities in a project. They are practical for planning and managing project
timelines effectively.

### 11. What are the main advantages of networks over bar charts? How did bar charts
manage to stay popular despite the advantages of networks?

Networks provide a clearer view of dependencies and critical paths, while bar charts are
simpler and easier to understand for quick overviews. Bar charts remain popular due to
their straightforwardness and ease of use.

### 12. Did logic networks and the critical path method replace bar charts as a scheduling
technique? Explain your answer.
No, logic networks and the critical path method did not completely replace bar charts.
While they provide more detailed insights into project management, bar charts are still
widely used for their simplicity and effectiveness in presenting project timelines.

### 13. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{lc}

\hline Activity & IPA \\

\hline A & - \\

B & A \\

C & A \\

D & B \\

E & B, C \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**

```

A→B→D

→E

A→C

```
**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [B] → [D]

→ [E]

→ [C]

```

### 14. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{lc}

\hline Activity & TPA \\

\hline A & - \\

B & - \\

C & A \\

D & A, B \\

I & C, D \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**

```
A→C

A→D

B→D

C→I

D→I

```

**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [C]

→ [D] → [I]

[Start] → [B] → [D]

```

This concludes the step-by-step solutions for the questions provided.

Let's draw the arrow and node networks for each of the projects step by step.

### 15. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{lc}

\hline Activity & IPA \\

\hline A & - \\

B & A \\
C & A \\

D & A \\

E & B \\

F & B, C \\

G & D, E, F \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**

```

A→B→E

→F

→C

→D

G←D

G←E

G←F

```

**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [B] → [E]

 ↘

→ [F]

→ [C]

→ [D]

[Start] → [D]

[Start] → [E]

[Start] → [F]

```

### 16. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}

\hline Activity & IPA & Activity & IPA \\

\hline A & - & F & D \\

\hline B & - & G & D, E \\

\hline C & - & H & C, F, G \\

\hline D & A, B & I & C, G \\

\hline E & B & J & H, I \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**
```

A→D

B→D

B→E

C→H

D→F

D→G

C→I

G→H

H→J

I→J

```

**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [D]

[Start] → [B] → [D]

[Start] → [B] → [E]

[Start] → [C] → [H]

[D] → [F]

[D] → [G]

[C] → [I]

[G] → [H]

[H] → [J]

[I] → [J]

```
### 17. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{lccc}

\hline Activity & IPA & Activity & IPA \\

\hline A & - & H & C, D \\

B & A & I & D \\

C & A & J & E, F, G \\

D & A & K & F, G, H \\

E & B & L & H, I \\

F & B, C & M & K, L \\

G & C & & \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**

```

A→B

A→C

A→D

B→E

B→F

C→F

C→G
C→H

D→H

D→I

E→J

F→K

G→J

H→K

K→M

L→M

```

**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [B] → [E]

→ [F]

→ [C] → [G]

→ [D] → [H]

→ [I]

→ [J]

→ [K]
 ↘

→ [L]

→ [M]

```

### 18. Draw both the arrow network and the node network for the following project:

Given the activities:

$$

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}

\hline Activity & PA & Activity & IPA \\

\hline A & - & - & - \\

\hline B & - & H & D, E \\

\hline C & A & I & D, E, F \\

\hline D & A, B & K & F \\

\hline E & A, B & K & C, H, I \\

\hline F & B & - & I, J \\

\hline G & C & M & I \\

\hline - & - & N & G, K \\

\hline

\end{tabular}

$$

**Arrow Network:**

```

A→C
A→D

B→D

B→E

B→F

C→G

D→H

D→I

E→H

E→I

F→K

F→I

G→N

K→M

```

**Node Network:**

```

[Start] → [A] → [C] → [G]

→ [D] → [H]

→ [I]

→ [E] → [H]

→ [I]
 ↘

→ [F] → [K]

→ [M]

→ [N]

```

This concludes the step-by-step drawings for the arrow and node networks for the provided
projects.
It seems like there are multiple problems here, and I'll be happy to help you with each one.
However, I'll need to choose one to start with. Let's go with the first one, problem 15.

## Step 1: Understand the problem

The problem asks us to draw both the arrow network and the node network for a given
project. The project consists of 7 activities (A-G) with their respective Immediate
Predecessor Activities (IPA).

## Step 2: Draw the arrow network

To draw the arrow network, we'll represent each activity as a node, and the IPA relationship
between activities will be represented by arrows pointing from the predecessor to the
successor.

## Step 3: Draw the node network

Similarly, to draw the node network, we'll represent each activity as a node, and the IPA
relationship between activities will be represented by arrows pointing from the
predecessor to the successor.

## Step 4: Create the arrow network

Based on the given information, the arrow network can be drawn as follows:

A -> B

A -> C

A -> D
B -> E

B -> F

C -> F

D -> G

E -> G

F -> G

## Step 5: Create the node network

The node network can be drawn as follows:

/|\

B C D

/\ /\

E F G

The final answer is:

There is no numerical answer for this problem. However, I can provide you with a graphical
representation of the arrow and node networks.

Arrow Network:

A -> B
A -> C

A -> D

B -> E

B -> F

C -> F

D -> G

E -> G

F -> G

Node Network:

/|\

B C D

/\ /\

E F G