1.

Email Spam Detection

Scenario: An email service provider wants to filter out spam emails from a user's inbox.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

● Approach: Train a model using a dataset of emails labeled as "spam" or "not spam."
Features might include email content, sender information, and metadata.

● Outcome: The model classifies incoming emails into spam or non-spam categories to keep
the inbox clean.

2. Medical Diagnosis

Scenario: A healthcare provider wants to diagnose diseases based on patient symptoms and medical
history.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

● Approach: Use a dataset of patient records with labeled diagnoses (e.g., “diabetes,”
“hypertension”) and features like symptoms, age, and lab results.

● Outcome: The model helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately based on the
patient’s data.

3. Credit Scoring

Scenario: A financial institution wants to assess the risk of loan applicants.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification or Regression

● Approach: Train a model using historical data on loan applicants, including features like
income, credit history, and loan repayment records, with labels indicating whether the
applicant defaulted or repaid the loan.

● Outcome: The model predicts the likelihood of a new applicant defaulting on a loan, helping
in credit decision-making.

4. Stock Price Prediction

Scenario: An investment firm wants to predict future stock prices based on historical data.

● Supervised Learning Task: Regression

● Approach: Use historical stock prices and other relevant features (e.g., trading volume,
financial indicators) to train a model to predict future prices.

● Outcome: The model provides forecasts that help investors make informed decisions.

5. Image Classification

Scenario: A company wants to categorize images of products in an e-commerce platform.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

● Approach: Train a model using a labeled dataset of product images with categories such as
“electronics,” “clothing,” and “furniture.” Features come from image data.
 ● Outcome: The model automatically classifies new product images into the correct
categories, improving search and recommendation features.

6. Customer Churn Prediction

Scenario: A telecom company wants to predict which customers are likely to cancel their service.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

● Approach: Train a model using historical customer data with features like usage patterns,
billing information, and customer service interactions, along with labels indicating whether a
customer churned.

● Outcome: The model identifies at-risk customers, allowing the company to take preventive
actions to retain them.

7. Sentiment Analysis

Scenario: A company wants to analyze customer reviews to understand overall sentiment towards
its products.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

● Approach: Use a labeled dataset of reviews tagged with sentiments like “positive,”
“negative,” or “neutral.” Features are derived from the text of the reviews.

● Outcome: The model categorizes new reviews, helping the company gauge customer
sentiment and respond accordingly.

8. Speech Recognition

Scenario: A voice assistant application needs to transcribe spoken words into text.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification or Sequence Prediction

● Approach: Train a model using audio recordings paired with their transcriptions. Features
include audio signals and phonetic information.

● Outcome: The model converts spoken language into written text, enabling voice commands
and transcription services.

9. Predicting Housing Prices

Scenario: A real estate company wants to estimate the prices of houses based on their features.

● Supervised Learning Task: Regression

● Approach: Use a dataset with features such as location, size, number of bedrooms, and
historical sale prices of houses.

● Outcome: The model predicts the price of a house based on its features, aiding buyers and
sellers in making informed decisions.

10. Fraud Detection in Transactions

Scenario: A credit card company wants to detect fraudulent transactions in real-time.

● Supervised Learning Task: Classification

 ● Approach: Train a model using a dataset of past transactions labeled as “fraudulent” or
“non-fraudulent,” with features including transaction amount, location, and time.

● Outcome: The model identifies potentially fraudulent transactions, helping to prevent fraud
and protect customers.

. Customer Segmentation

Scenario: A retail company wants to identify different customer segments based on purchasing
behavior.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Clustering

● Approach: Apply clustering algorithms like k-means or hierarchical clustering to customer

data, including features like purchase history, frequency, and spending patterns.

● Outcome: Identify distinct customer groups with similar behaviors, allowing for targeted
marketing strategies and personalized offers.

2. Anomaly Detection in Network Security

Scenario: An organization wants to detect unusual patterns in network traffic that may indicate a
security breach.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Anomaly Detection

● Approach: Use algorithms like Isolation Forest or One-Class SVM to analyze network traffic
data and identify patterns that deviate significantly from normal behavior.

● Outcome: Detect potential security threats or anomalies in real-time, enhancing network

security.

3. Topic Modeling for Document Analysis

Scenario: A news agency wants to discover the main topics within a large corpus of news articles.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Topic Modeling

● Approach: Apply techniques like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to the text data to extract
topics based on the distribution of words.

● Outcome: Automatically identify and label topics within documents, helping to organize and
summarize content.

4. Dimensionality Reduction for Visualization

Scenario: A data scientist wants to visualize high-dimensional data in a lower-dimensional space to

understand its structure.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Dimensionality Reduction

● Approach: Use algorithms like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or t-Distributed

Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to reduce the data’s dimensionality while preserving
important patterns.

● Outcome: Create visualizations that make it easier to explore and interpret complex
datasets.
5. Market Basket Analysis

Scenario: A supermarket wants to understand the co-occurrence of products in customer

transactions to improve product placement.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Association Rule Learning

● Approach: Apply algorithms like Apriori or FP-Growth to transaction data to discover

frequent itemsets and association rules.

● Outcome: Identify which products are often purchased together, informing store layouts
and promotions.

6. Image Compression

Scenario: A company wants to reduce the size of image files for faster loading without losing
significant quality.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Dimensionality Reduction

● Approach: Use techniques like autoencoders or PCA to compress image data while retaining
important features.

● Outcome: Achieve reduced file sizes with minimal loss of visual information, improving
storage and transmission efficiency.

7. Data Preprocessing for Supervised Learning

Scenario: A data scientist needs to prepare data for a supervised learning model by identifying and
removing redundant features.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Feature Selection or Extraction

● Approach: Apply dimensionality reduction techniques like PCA or feature selection methods
to identify and remove irrelevant or redundant features.

● Outcome: Enhance the performance and efficiency of supervised learning models by

providing them with cleaner and more relevant data.

8. Genomic Data Analysis

Scenario: Researchers want to find patterns in genetic data to understand gene expression profiles.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Clustering or Dimensionality Reduction

● Approach: Use clustering algorithms or dimensionality reduction techniques on gene

expression data to identify groups of genes with similar expression patterns.

● Outcome: Discover underlying biological patterns or relationships, aiding in research and

development.

9. Recommendation Systems

Scenario: An online streaming service wants to recommend movies to users based on their viewing
habits.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Clustering or Collaborative Filtering

 ● Approach: Apply clustering to group users with similar viewing patterns or use matrix
factorization techniques to identify latent factors in user preferences.

● Outcome: Generate personalized movie recommendations based on user behavior and

preferences.

10. Document Clustering

Scenario: A large organization wants to categorize documents into different topics for better
organization and retrieval.

● Unsupervised Learning Task: Clustering

● Approach: Use clustering algorithms like k-means or DBSCAN on document features (e.g.,
TF-IDF scores) to group similar documents.

● Outcome: Automatically organize documents into clusters, making it easier to manage and
access them.

1. Game Playing

Scenario: Developing an AI that can play complex games like chess, Go, or video games.

● Approach: Use RL algorithms such as Q-learning or deep reinforcement learning (e.g., Deep
Q-Networks) to train the AI agent by having it play the game repeatedly, learning optimal
strategies through rewards and penalties.

● Outcome: The AI improves its performance over time and can defeat human players or
achieve superhuman performance, as seen in AlphaGo and OpenAI's Dota 2 agent.

2. Robotic Control

Scenario: Training a robot to perform tasks such as walking, grasping objects, or assembling parts in
a factory.

● Approach: Implement RL techniques to teach the robot to achieve specific goals by trial and
error in a simulated or real environment. For example, using Proximal Policy Optimization
(PPO) for continuous control tasks.

● Outcome: The robot learns to perform complex tasks with greater efficiency and
adaptability, improving manufacturing processes or personal assistance.

3. Autonomous Vehicles

Scenario: Developing self-driving cars that can navigate roads, avoid obstacles, and follow traffic
rules.

● Approach: Apply RL to train autonomous vehicles using simulated environments or real-

world driving data, optimizing for safety, efficiency, and adherence to traffic regulations.

● Outcome: The vehicle learns to make safe and effective driving decisions, leading to
improved autonomous driving systems.
4. Personalized Recommendations

Scenario: Creating a recommendation system that adapts to user preferences in real-time, such as
suggesting products or content.

● Approach: Use RL to optimize recommendations based on user interactions and feedback,

adjusting recommendations to maximize user engagement and satisfaction.

● Outcome: The system provides increasingly accurate and personalized recommendations,

enhancing user experience on platforms like Netflix or Amazon.

5. Resource Management

Scenario: Managing resources in a data center, such as optimizing the allocation of computing
resources or energy consumption.

● Approach: Implement RL to dynamically allocate resources based on current demands and

operational goals, learning policies that maximize efficiency and reduce costs.

● Outcome: Improved management of resources, leading to cost savings and more efficient
operations.

6. Finance and Trading

Scenario: Developing an algorithmic trading strategy that adapts to market conditions to maximize
returns.

● Approach: Use RL to train trading agents by simulating market conditions and optimizing
trading actions based on rewards tied to financial performance.

● Outcome: The trading strategy improves its performance over time, potentially leading to
higher returns and better risk management.

7. Healthcare and Treatment Planning

Scenario: Creating a system to personalize treatment plans for patients based on their responses to
different therapies.

● Approach: Apply RL to optimize treatment strategies by analyzing patient data and

outcomes, learning which treatments provide the best results over time.

● Outcome: More effective and personalized treatment plans that improve patient outcomes
and reduce side effects.

8. Industrial Automation

Scenario: Optimizing the operation of industrial processes such as chemical manufacturing or supply
chain management.

● Approach: Use RL to control processes, adjust parameters, and make decisions that
maximize production efficiency and quality.

● Outcome: Enhanced productivity, reduced waste, and more efficient operations in

manufacturing or logistics.

9. Smart Grid Management

Scenario: Managing a smart electricity grid to balance supply and demand and integrate renewable
energy sources.

● Approach: Implement RL to optimize the grid’s operation, adjusting power distribution and
storage based on real-time data and demand forecasts.

● Outcome: Improved grid stability, better integration of renewable energy, and reduced
energy costs.

10. Customer Service and Chatbots

Scenario: Designing a chatbot that can handle a variety of customer service tasks, such as answering
queries or resolving issues.

● Approach: Use RL to train the chatbot on interactions with users, learning to improve
responses and handle complex scenarios by receiving feedback in the form of rewards or
penalties.

● Outcome: A more effective and adaptable chatbot that provides better customer service and
can handle a wider range of inquiries.