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Smart Heart rate monitoring system using Arduino-Uno

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 Smart Heart rate monitoring system using Arduino-Uno
Md. Abdullah Al Hasan(CSE), Md. Asif Imties Alvy(EEE), Md. Abdullah Al Hossain(EEE)
School of Engineering, Technology and Sciences
Independent University, Bangladesh
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- The importance of a doctor's presence deliver heart rate readings that are more trustworthy and
for effective patient care remains undeniable. Yet,
precise.
the impracticality of continuous physical presence
has spurred the development of remote patient
Body temperature serves as a general indicator of an
monitoring. The challenge of limited internet access
individual's physical condition. The established average
in rural regions has inspired a project that
human body temperature stands at (98.6 °F ± 0.7°F),
capitalizes on the world’s telecom network. This
although this value can fluctuate based on factors such
project entails a system that employs an infrared
as the person's activity level and the location of
heart rate sensor and an Arduino Uno to measure
measurement. When an individual experiences elevated
and transmit vital data, such as heart rates. The
body temperature, the blood vessels in their skin dilate,
Smart Heart Rate Monitoring System using Arduino
facilitating the transportation of excess heat to the skin's
Uno is designed to continuously monitor a patient's
surface. This physiological response triggers
heart rate, temperature, and humidity and transmit
perspiration, which subsequently evaporates, aiding in
this data remotely. The affordability of the device
the cooling of the body. In situations where an
further enhances its viability as a practical solution
individual's body temperature drops significantly, their
for home-based patient monitoring.
blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow to the skin,
thus conserving body heat. Consequently, the person
Keywords- Arduino Uno, Heartbeat
may begin to shiver, an involuntary and rapid muscle
sensor(Max301000), Display , DHT 22 Temperature
contraction that serves to generate additional warmth.
and Humidity Sensor.
The effectiveness of medical therapy can be
significantly improved by doing early assessments of
1. INTRODUCTION body temperature and heart rate. Prioritizing human
health is more crucial than ever in the contemporary
period, which is characterized by environmental
The heart rate is one of several variables that the human degradation. Any attempt is rendered meaningless in the
body depends on for optimal performance. Heart rate face of disease or death. Today's society spends a lot of
measurements can provide information about a person's money on staying in good health. Unfortunately, there
general state of health. Cardiac arrests occurring with is frequently a regrettable wait in acquiring the proper
insufficient access to necessary medical equipment are medical care, which makes circumstances irreversible
becoming more common, especially in rural areas and causes unexpected accidents as a result of treatment
where there is a shortage of prompt medical care. delays.
Residents in these isolated places have a higher risk of
serious health issues because they may be less aware of Given that heart rate and body temperature are two
the warning signs of a heart attack or lack access to the fundamental and noteworthy indicators of human health,
right care. the availability of an economical device for measuring
these indicators would significantly contribute to public
Regular heart rate monitoring becomes crucial to well-being. Traditional medical equipment typically
reducing the likelihood of such cardiac crises. The incurs high costs. Furthermore, certain devices can
traditional way of measuring heart rate is putting a provide raw medical data to both patients and doctors,
finger on an artery to feel the pulse, counting for about but patients with limited or no medical background may
30 seconds, then doubling the result to get the heart rate. struggle to interpret these measurements in terms of
However, this method is imprecise and does not meaningful diagnoses.
produce reliable results. Later, additional cutting-edge
options for heart rate measurement appeared, including In critical situations, expediting medical intervention is
monitoring systems with electrode leads connected to of utmost importance. Additionally, circumstances
the chest in pairs. These developments are meant to sometimes necessitate continuous monitoring.
Consequently, the development of an automated system
capable of continuously measuring heart rate and body 2.2 Heartbeat Sensor (MAX301000)
temperature emerges as an indispensable requirement.
Furthermore, the system could prove advantageous in The MAX30100 is an integrated pulse oximetry and
monitoring the well-being of diverse patients located heartrate monitor sensor solution. It combines two
remotely. The remainder of the document elaborates on LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise
current methodologies, our system's conceptual analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and
framework, the process of system development, and heart-rate signals. The MAX30100 operates from 1.8V
culminates with an evaluation of system performance. and 3.3V power supplies and can be powered down
through software with negligible standby current,
permitting the power supply to always remain
connected.
2. COMPONENTS
Benefits and Features:
The arrangement of equipment is contingent upon the
utilization of an embedded system that employs a • Integrated LEDs, Photo Sensor, and
microcontroller from the Microchip brand. This setup
• High-Performance Analog Front end
involves the integration of a microcontroller and a
• Tiny 5.6mm x 2.8mm x 1.2mm 14-Pin Optically
heartbeat sensor. To measure heart rate, input is
extracted from the user's finger. The heartbeat sensor • Enhanced System-in-Package
generates digital readings for each heartbeat, which are • Ultra-Low-Power Operation Increases
then quantified through the connection between the • Programmable Sample Rate and LED Current for
sensor and the microcontroller. Following the • Power Savings
accumulation of heartbeat counts over a minute, the • Ultra-Low Shutdown Current (0.7µA, type)
computed heart rate value is transmitted to a display.

2.1 Arduino Uno

The ATmega328 is the center of the microcontroller

board known as the Arduino Uno (datasheet). There are
14 digital input/output pins on this board, and six of
them may be used as PWM outputs. It also has a USB
port, a power connector, an ICSP header, six analog
inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, and reset buttons. It
is simple to connect the microcontroller to a computer
using a USB connection or to power it using an AC-to- Fig. MAX301000
DC converter or battery to start operation because all
the components required to support the microcontroller Working of a Heartbeat Sensor
are present.
The basic pulse sensor consists of a light-emitting diode
and a sensor like a light-sensitive resistor or a
photodiode. Changes in the blood flow caused by
heartbeats result in variations in different parts of the
body. When a tissue is exposed to the light emitted by
the diode, it either reflects the light (as in the case of
finger tissue) or transmits it (as in the case of ear
cartilage). Some of the light is absorbed by the blood,
and the transmitted or reflected light is captured by the
light sensor. The amount of light absorbed depends on
the volume of blood in that tissue. The output of the
sensor is in the form of an electrical signal, which is
proportional to the heart rate.

Fig. Arduino Uno

 sintering semiconductive materials, such as ceramic or
2.3 DHT 22 polymers to large change in a resistor with small
(Temperature and Humidity Sensor) changes in temperature. As temperature changes, there
is a change in the value of resistance by which we
DHT22 output calibrated digital signal. It utilizes measure the temperature of our environment.
exclusive digital-signal-collecting-technique and
humidity sensing technology, assuring its reliability and
stability. Its sensing elements is connected with 8-bit
single-chip computer. Every sensor of this model is
temperature compensated and calibrated in accurate
calibration chamber and the calibration-coefficient is
saved in type of programme in OTP memory, when the
sensor is detecting, it will cite coefficient from memory.
Small size & low consumption & long transmission
distance(20m) enables DHT22 to be suited in all kinds
of harsh application occasions.

Parameters:

• Low cost
• 3 to 5V power and I/O
Fig. DHT 22
• 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while
requesting data)
2.4 LCD Display (16 x 2)
• Good for 0-100% humidity readings with 2-5%
accuracy
This is a high quality 16 character by 2-line intelligent
• Good for -40 to 80°C temperature readings display module, with back lighting, Works with almost
±0.5°C accuracy any microcontroller. This is a popular 16×2 LCD
• No more than 0.5 Hz sampling rate (once every 2 display. It is based on the hd44870 display controller
seconds) hence it is easy to interface with most micro controllers.
• Body size 27mm x 59mm x 13.5mm (1.05" x It works of 5v and has a green back light which can be
2.32" x 0.53") switched on and off as desired. The contrast of the
• 4 pins, 0.1" spacing screen can also be controlled by varying the voltage at
• Weight (just the DHT22): 2.4g the contrast control pin (pin 3).

It consists of two main parts one measure temperature Features:

and the other is used for humidity measurement it also
has IC to send data to Microcontroller. Discuss these • 16 Characters x 2 Lines
components one by one.
• 5×7 Dot Matrix Character Cursor
• HD44780 Equivalent LCD Controller/driver
Humidity Sensing Component
Built-In
For humidity measurement, it uses the humidity • 4-bit or 8-bit MPU Interface.
measurement component, which has two electrodes
with moisture holding substrate between them. As
humidity changes, the conductivity of substrate changes
or resistance between electrodes changes. These
changes in resistance are measured, then processed by
IC which makes it ready to be read by Microcontroller.

Temperature Measuring Component

To measure temperature this sensor uses an NTC

temperature sensor or Thermistor. A thermistor is a
variable resistor that changes its resistance with a
change of temperature. These sensors are made by
Fig. LCD Display (16 x 2)
 3.PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig: Device Starts

This shows the proposed system. The heartbeat sensor

will provide digital signal to Arduino Uno. This
internally does the calculation as per programming &
display heart rate, Temperature, and humidity on LCD
along with the information.

4.SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Circuit Diagram

Fig. Device processing the information after

fingertip is placed.

5.WORKING PRINCIPLE

4.2 Sensors with Microcontroller

The Smart Heart Rate Monitoring System is designed to 10 82.3 96 89.15 84.70
provide users with real-time insights into their heart
rate, oxygen level temperature, and humidity levels. It
operates by first positioning the Max30100 Heartbeat
sensor on a user's finger or earlobe to measure heart rate The table presents health-related data for ten subjects
using photoplethysmography (PPG), which detects (labeled 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 and 10 ). It
changes in blood volume with each heartbeat. includes their heart rates, oxygen levels, temperatures,
Simultaneously, the DHT22 Temperature and Humidity and humidity levels. Notable variations exist among the
Sensor monitors the surrounding environment. Both subjects, with differing heart rates, although oxygen
sensors relay their data to an Arduino Uno, which serves levels remain fairly consistent. Additionally, there are
as the system's central processing unit. The Arduino slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Further
processes the PPG data to calculate heart rate in beats investigation is required to draw meaningful
per minute (BPM) and collects temperature and conclusions or identify any potential health or
humidity readings from the DHT22 sensor. These environmental trends among these subjects.
processed data points are then displayed in real-time on
an integrated display, allowing users to monitor their
health and environmental conditions directly. The 6. Features of this project
system operates independently without the need for
Bluetooth or wireless communication, ensuring privacy Features of our project are as follows:
and simplicity in health monitoring.
• Highly compact portable.
• Low power consumption.
• Data Fusion.
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION • Real time monitoring of patient’s vital
parameters like heartbeat and temperature.
The heart rate ,oxygen level , humidity and temperature • Heart rate alerts.
were measured.

The measurement result is shown in the segment below. 7.DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
The experiment was performed for four subjects. The
test results are shown in Table I. While a Heart Rate Monitoring System using sensors
like a heart rate sensor, temperature humidity sensor,
and Arduino Uno can be a valuable tool for healthcare
and personal monitoring, it also comes with certain
Table I drawbacks and limitations.

• Accuracy and Reliability.

The Heart Oxygen Temp Humidity • Sensor Placement.
Subject Rate Level(%) (F) (%)
Number (BPM)
• Motion Artifacts.
• Skin Contact and Comfort.
01 70.4 98 89.06 86.10 • Environmental Interference.
• Limited Functionality.
02 67.9 96 89.06 86.00 • Power Consumption.
03 71.8 98 89.24 86.00 • Limited Monitoring Parameters.
• User Compliance.
04 85.2 98 89.05 84.00

05 75.5 96 89.20 84.60

8.CONCLUSION
06 77.2 95 89.35 85.25
Both developed and developing countries are
07 85.6 98 89.12 86.00 increasingly concerned with providing timely and
effective healthcare for the aging population. Even
08 78.5 98 89.23 85.00
though there are modern hospitals and care facilities for
09 80.1 98 89.25 85.55 the elderly, the fact that the bulk of them have chronic
illnesses and need ongoing physical parameters
monitoring makes them rather expensive. Furthermore, Physiological Parameters Monitoring System"
IEEE Vol.12 no. 3 March 2012
the majority of older people choose to stay at home
where they are still connected to their families and the [9] Reyes, I.; Nazeran, H.; Franco, M.; Haltiwanger, E.
community. This method might be quite useful in such Wireless photoplethysmographic device for heart
a situation. It may function autonomously in a domestic rate variability signal acquisition and analysis. In
Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International
setting. Thus, by enabling seniors to get high-quality Conferenceof the IEEE Engineering in Medicine
care in the comfort of their own homes, this technology and Biology Society, SanDiego, CA, USA, 28
can truly benefit the aged population. August–1 September 2012; pp. 2092–2095.

This paper presents the design of an embedded system

that can measure heart rate, oxygen level, temperature
and humidity. The result of our work showed in a lcd
display. Heart rate, oxygen level and body temperature,
which has a well-suited architecture that can be used in
medical and home appliances for patient health
monitoring. We conducted tests on the system using
valid signals such as heart rate and body temperature
and found that it performs better compared to traditional
manual measuring systems.

9.REFERENCES

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rate detection from plantar bioimpedance
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5116
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Lumpur, Malaysia, May 11-12, 2010

[3] .Navale, S. Damare, R. Chavan, R. Dube, and S.

Patil “Android Based Heart Monitoring and
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[6] Bandana Mallick, Ajit Kumar Patro, “Heart rate

monitoring system using fingertip through arduino
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[7] Arduino Uno data sheet www.arduino

[8] Karandeep Malhi, Subhas Chandra

Mukhopadhyoy "A Zigbee-Based Wearable

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