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Methodology

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17 views3 pages

Methodology

Uploaded by

rcsu1108
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methodology
As for task 1, a quadratic function, f(x) = x2 − 2x + 5 which is in a form of
f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C is given
where,

A is the coefficient for x2


B is the coefficient for x and
C is a constant
In order to obtain f(x) into a form of f(x) = k(x − p)2 + q,where k , p and q are
constants, f(x) experienced completing the square. Next, by using desmos, the
curve y = f(x) is sketched on the xy-plane and the curve is reflected about the line
y = q, a new curve y = F (x) is obtained. The roots of F (x) = 0, x1 and x2 is
located on the graph. After that, a circle with its centre at (p, 0)which passes through
both roots, x1 and x2 on the same xy-plane is drawn. x1 and x2 , the points of
contact of the circle, are respectively labelled as coordinate A and coordinate B. The
circle is rotated 90º anti-clockwise at the centre (p, 0) such that the points A and B
go to new points, A’ and B’ respectively. Coordinate A’and B’ are stated. The
mentioned steps are repeated for the following quadratic functions:

1. 2x2 + 4x + 5
2. x2 − 4x + 7
3. −x2 + 4x − 7
4. 3x2 − 2x + 1
5. −x2 + 4x − 9
The roots of f(x) = 0 and coordinates of A’ and B’ are tabulated with the obtained
results.

f(x) Roots of f(x) =0 Coordinate of A’ Coordinate of B’

x2 − 2x + 5
2x2 + 4x + 5
x2 − 4x + 7

Methodology 1
−x2 + 4x − 7
3x2 − 2x + 1
−x2 + 4x − 9

By observing the results, the relationship between the coordinates A’ and B’


together with the complex roots of f(x) = 0 are found and a conclusion has been
made.

For task 2, a cubic function with one real root,x1 = 1 and two complex roots,x1 and
x3 , g(x) = x3 − 9x2 + βx − 17 where β is a constant. The complex roots of
g(x) = 0 can be determined by the following methods:
1. Method 1

Used formula,

x2 − (Sum of Roots)x + (P roduct of Roots) = 0

where

Sum of roots= x1 + x2
Product of roots= x1 x2

= x3 − 9x2 + βx − 17 is being compare with the


The cubic function, g(x)
equation, g(x) = (x − 1)(x2 − (x2 + x3 )x + x2 x3 ). The equations are then be
expanded. By comparing the coefficient numbers of the equations, the value of x2
and x3 are found.

2. Method 2

The value of β , a constant can be found by using factor theorem where the factor is
1. By subsituting g(1) = 0, the value of β is found. Hence, a cubic function g(x) =
Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D where A,B,C and D are all constant are found.
As the β value is obtained, long division is used to obtained the cubic function in a
form of g(x) = (x − x1 )(ax2 + bx + cx) where,
x1 = the factor of the function,
A= the coefficient of x2 ,

B= the coefficient of x and

Methodology 2
C= a constant

Next, after the quadratic function is obtained, a formula

−b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
2a
is used to find the complex roots of g(x) = 0, x2 and x3 .

3. Method 3

By using the value of β that determined in method 2, the complex roots of g(x)=0 is
found by performing the following steps:

(a) The curve y = g(x) is sketched on the xy-plane by using Desmos.


(b) g(x) is expressed in g(x) = (x − 1)G(x), where G(x) is a quadratic function
with complex roots.

(c) The gradient of the line y = mx + c which passes through the real root, x1 and
the point (a, g(a)) for various numbers of a is determined.

All the results are tabulated as below.

a g(a) g ′ (a) m

: : : :

g′ (a) = m is determined and the relation between these values of a, m and the
complex roots of g(x) = 0 is obtained by observing the results.

Methodology 3

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