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    Synthetic Dye - Part I - B SC - Sem II - DR Neeta Sinha - JCC

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    Synthetic Dye - Part I - B SC - Sem II - DR Neeta Sinha - JCC

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    Synthetic Dye - Part I - B SC - Sem II - DR Neeta Sinha - JCC

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    of 9

    Synthetic Dyes

    (Part I)

    B. Sc. (Chemistry) - Semester VI


    Core Course – 14

    Dr. Neeta Sinha

    Jamshedpur Co-operative College


    Jamshedpur
    Introduction

    When white light falls on a substance then following things may happen:

    i) If the light is completely reflected then the substance appears white.

    ii) If he light is completely absorbed then substance appears black.

    iii) And if a portion of light is absorbed ,then the substance has a colour of reflected
    light.
    If only a single band is absorbed , the sustance has the complementary colour of the
    absorbed band.
    Many theory has been given to correlate colour with the molecular structure. These
    are:
    i) Witt’s theory
    ii) Electronic theory of colour( will discuss in online classes)
    a) Valence bond theory
    b) Molecular orbital theory
    Dyes - A dye is a coloured substance that can be formely fixed to the substrate by
    chemical and physical bonding. Dyes are usually soluble in water.
    Azo dye : Azo dyes are organic compounds having the functional group
    R –N = N –R’ , in which R and R’are usually aryl group. Azo dyes constitute the
    largest class of synthetic dyes.

    Methyl orange:

    Synthesis - Methyl orange is obtained by the coupling of N,N- dimethyl aniline


    with diazotised sulphanilic acid.

    Methyl orange
    Uses – It is not a dye for textiles because it is sensitive to acid . Hence it is used
    as an indicator in acid base titration. It is yellow in basic solution and red in
    acidic solution
    Congo Red:
    Synthesis – It is obtained by coupling tetrazotised benzidine with two moles of
    naphthaonic acid.

    Uses – It is used as an indicator. It is blue in acidic solution and red in basic


    solution. It is not a good dye for textiles because the colour changes when the
    acid is added.
    Triphenyl methane dye : Triphenylmethane dyes are obtained by the
    introduction of -NR2, NH2, or – OH groups into the rings of
    triphenylmethane. The compounds so obtained are usually colourless
    known as leuco base. These leuco base on oxidation, converted into
    tertiary alcohol known as carbinol base. In presence of acids carbinol
    bases changes into benzenoid form to coloured quinonoid forms.

    Malachite green:

    Synthesis – Malachite green is prepared by the condensation of


    benzaldehyde and dimethyl aniline in 1:2 ratio in presence of
    concentrated sulphuric acid. The leuco base thus obtained is oxidised with
    lead dioxide in presence of glacial acetic acid to get malachite green.
    Synthesis-
    Uses - It is used for dye wool and silk directly and cotton mordanted with
    tanin. It is also a powerful antiseptic.

    Crystal violet:

    Synthesis - It is prepared by the condensation of phosgene with two


    molecules of N,N- dimethyl aniline in presence of POCl3.

    Crystal violet has a greenish brown metallic lusture. It dissolves in water


    to give a deep blue colour. In weak acid it is purpie and in strong acid the
    colour is green and in still more strongly acid solution the colour is
    yellow.

    It is used in the manufacture of ink, stamping pads and type writter


    ribbons .It is also used as indicator.
    Synthesis :

    Crystal violet

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