1.

A metallic ring is held horizontally and a magnet is allowed to fall vertically

through the ring, then the acceleration of this magnet is

 A. Equal to g

 B. More than g

 C. Less than g

 D. Sometimes less and sometimes more than g

When the magnet falls vertically down, the magnetic flux through the loop
increases.
So, according to Lenz's law, current will be induced in the loop in such a
way that the magnetic field due to the current will oppose the increase in
magnetic flux.
i.e current in the loop is induced in an anticlockwise direction.

Or, we can consider that the loop (with induced current) behaves like a
magnetic with reverse polarity to the magnet which is moving down.

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 Then the north pole of the loop magnet will repel the north pole of the bar
magnet. And due to this repulsion, the acceleration of the vertically falling
bar magnet will be less than g

Once the magnet has passed through the loop and is falling further, the
magnetic flux through the loop due to the magnet actually starts decreasing.
Therefore, to oppose the change in magnetic flux, current will be induced in
clockwise direction in the loop which leads to the loop behaving like a
magnet with polarity as shown in the figure.

The north pole of the loop will then attract the south pole of the falling bar
magnet and due to this attraction, the acceleration of the bar magnet is less
than g again. Thus, in all cases, the acceleration in less than g. Option (c) is
correct.

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 2. Flux ϕ (in weber) in a closed circuit of resistance 10 Ω varies with time t (in
seconds) according to the equation ϕ = 6t – 5t + 1. What is the magnitude of
2

the induced current at t = 0.25 s?

 A. 1.2 A

 B. 0.2 A

 C. 0.6 A

 D. 0.8 A

Induced emf in the loop is given by

dϕ
ϵ = −
dt
Induced current
1 dϕ
i = (− )
R dt

1 d
2
= (− (6t − 5t + 1))
R dt

1
= (5 − 12t)
10

At t = 0.25 s
5 − 12 × 0.25 5 − 3
i = =
10 10
= 0.2 A

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 3. → = 3^i − 5k
A uniform magnetic field exists in the region given by B ^. A rod of

length 5 m placed along y−axis is moved along x−axis with constant speed
1 ms
−1
. Then induced emf in the rod is

 A. Zero

 B. 25 V

 C. 5 V

 D. 10 V

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 Force acting on the charges in the moving rod
→ → →
F = q( v × B )

Now in the question,

F = qvB (only the perpendicular component of magnetic field will produce
z

a force)

The electrons in the rod will experience the force in the direction as shown.
As a result, they will accumuate at one end of the rod.

The motion of the electrons will stop only when the force due to the electric
field developed across the rod balances the force due to magnetic field.
At equilibrium,
qE = qvBz

⇒ E = vBz − −(1)

Then induced emf across the rod ϵ = V 1 − V2 = El = vBz l

(l is length of the rod)

∴ ϵ = (1 m/s) × (5 T ) × (5 m) = 25 V

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 4. In figure, the wires P 1 Q1 and P 2 Q2 are made to slide on the rails with the
same speed of 5 cm s . In this region, a magnetic field of 1 T exists. The
−1

electric current in the 2 Ω resistance when both the wires are moving
towards it is

 A. 0.2 mA

 B. 0.1 mA

 C. 2 mA

 D. Zero
Potential difference developed across a rod of length l moving with velocity
v through a perpendicular magnetic field B is
ϵ = Bvl
−2 −2
∴ ϵ = 1 × 5 × 10 × 4 × 10
−4 −3
= 20 × 10 = 2 × 10 V

So the rods can be replaced with batteries of equivalent emf in the circuit
diagram given below.

Applying KVL across the loop P 1 R 1 R 2 Q1 ,

−3
−i × 2 + 2 × 10 − 2i × 9 = 0
−3
⇒ 20i = 2 × 10
−4
⇒ i = 10 A = 0.1 mA

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 5. A rectangular loop ABCD is being pulled out of a magnetic field ′
B
′
with
uniform velocity v by applying an external force F . Length AB is l. Length
′ ′

AD is 3l and total resistance of the loop is R. The thermal power developed

in the loop and the force F respectively is

2 2 2 2 2

 A. B v l
,
B l v

R R

2 2 2 2 2

 B. 9B v l
,
9B l v

R R

2 2 2 2 2

 C. 8B v l
,
8B l v

R R

2 2 2 2 2

 D. 3B v l
,
3B l v

R R

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 When the loop is passing out of the magnetic field, the flux through the loop
decreases. Therefore, induced current will flow in such a direction as to
oppose the change in flux. Since the flux into the plane is decreasing,
current in the loop will flow in clockwise direction.

A rod of length l moving in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field with

velocity v acts like a battery of emf
ϵ = Bvl
Bvl
And current induced in the rod i = where R is the resistance of the
R
loop.
2 2 2
B l v
Thermal power P 2
= i R =
R

Segment AB is a current carrying rod moving in a magnetic field. Hence it

will experience the force
−−→ → →
FAB = i( l × B )

i.e F AB
= ilB in the direction shown

Inorder to keep the loop moving with constant velocity,

2 2
Bvl B l v
F = FAB = ilB = ( ) lB =
R R

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 6. A flat coil of 500 turns, each of area 50 cm , rotates in a uniform magnetic
2

field of 0.1 W b/m about an axis normal to the field at an angular speed of
2

150 rad/s. (Initially magnetic field was along the area vector of the field).

The coil has a resistance of 15 Ω. Maximum induced current in the coil is

 A. 1.5 A

 B. 2.5 A

 C. 3.5 A

 D. 4.5 A

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 → →
Flux through the coil ϕ = N B . A
= N BA cos θ

We can write θ = ωt because coil is rotating with uniform angular speed.

i.e ϕ = N BA cos ωt

As the coil rotates, the angle made by the area vector with the magnetic
field changes and so, the flux changes. Emf induced
dϕ
ϵ = −
dt
= N BAω sin ωt

Current induced in the coil

1 dϕ
i = −
R dt
N BAω
= sin ωt
R

The variation of current with time is depicted by the following graph.

Here, maximum value of current = i 0

−4
N BAω 500 × 0.1 × 50 × 10 × 150
= =
R 15
= 2.5 A

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 7. A wire loop is rotated in a magnetic field. The frequency of change of
direction of the induced emf is

 A. Twice per revolution

 B. Four times per revolution

 C. Six times per revolution

 D. Once per revolution

Flux through the loop ϕ = BA cos θ = BA cos ωt
where θ = ωt is the angle made by area vector with magnetic field at any
instant.

dϕ
emf induced = − = BAω sin ωt
dt

From the above graph, we have 4 points of change of direction in emf

induced, in two time periods, T each. Thus there two changes in one time
period (i.e twice per revolution).

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 8. A coil of resistance 20 Ω and inductance 5 H has been connected to a 100 V
battery and the switch is closed at t = 0. After how much time will the
current acquire half of its steady state value. (ln 2 = 0.693)

 A. 0.17 s

 B. 0.34 s

 C. 0.09 s

 D. 0.69 s

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 If the current in the inductor is constant, there is no emf induced. But if the
current changes, an emf is induced across the inductor.

di
emf induced ϵ = −L = iR
dt

For the entire circuit,

di
V − L − iR = 0
dt
where V = 100 V is the battery voltage.

Solving the above differential equation, we get

t
−
i = i0 (1 − e τ )

V
where i 0 = is the steady state current
R
L
and τ =
R

The graph of current w.r.t time is

i0 t
−
i = = i0 (1 − e τ
)
2
t
−
⇒ e τ
= 2
t
⇒ = ln 2
τ
L
⇒ t = ln 2 × τ = 0.693 ×
R
5
= 0.693 × = 0.17 s
20

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 9. A coil of resistance 20 Ω and inductance 5 H has been connected to a 100 V
battery The energy stored in the coil after a long time is

 A. 31.25 J

 B. 62.5 J

 C. 125 J

 D. 250 J

Energy stored in an inductor is given by

1
2
E = LI
2

V 100
Current at steady state = = = 5 A
R 20

1 125
2
∴ E = (5)(5) = = 62.5 J
2 2

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 10. An ideal transformer has 500 primary turns and 10 secondary turns. The
primary coil carries current 2 A and its voltage is 11, 000 V . Current and
voltage in the secondary coil will be

 A. 100 A, 220 V

 B. 0.04 A, 220 V

 C. 100 A, 550000 V

 D. 0.04 A, 550000 V

From the above circuit of a transformer, applying KVL

dϕ
E1 + N1 (− ) = 0 (primary coil)
dt

dϕ
E2 = N2 (− ) = i2 R (secondary coil)
dt

∣ E1 ∣ ∣ N1 ∣
⇒ ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣
∣ E2 ∣ ∣ N2 ∣

where N and N are no of turns in primary and secondary coil.

1 2

11, 000 500

i.e =
E2 10
11, 000
⇒ E2 = = 220 V
50

I2 N1
For calculating currents, =
I1 N2
I2 500
⇒ =
2 10
⇒ I2 = 100 A

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 11. What will be the direction of current in the coil A as the switch S is closed?

 A. Clockwise

 B. Anticlockwise

 C. Anticlockwise and then clockwise

 D. Clockwise and then anticlockwise

When switch S is closed, current flows in anticlockwise direction in the outer
loop. This produces a flux acting out of the plane of the loop.Thus, magnetic
field is increasing in the direction out of the plane.

To oppose this, there should be a flux acting into the plane of the loop. This
flux is produced by the current induced in the inner loop. Thus, current
induced in the inner loop should be clockwise.

This is the phenomenon of mutual induction.

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 12. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field requires W units of work
to turn it through 60 , the torque needed to maintain the needle in this
∘

position will be

 A. W

 B. √3 W

 C. √3 W

 D. 2 W

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 −
→
Torque acting on a magnetic dipole of dipole moment M in a magnetic field
→
B is given by
→ −
→ →
τ = M × B

−
→
and potential of a magnetic dipole of dipole moment M in a magnetic field
→
B is given by
−
→ →
U = −M ⋅ B

Work done to turn the magnet through 60 ∘

W = Uf − Ui

∘ ∘
= −M B cos 60 − (−M B cos 0 )

−M B MB
= + MB =
2 2

Torque on magnet in final position

√3
∘
τ = M B sin 60 = MB
2

= √3W

which is the torque that must be applied to maintain the needle in this
position.

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 13. Two short bar magnets of magnetic moments ‘M each are arranged at the
′

opposite corners of a square of side ‘d such that their centres coincide with
′

the corners and their axes are parallel to one side of the square. If the like
poles are in the same direction, the magnetic induction at any of the other
corners of the square is.

μ M
 A. o

3
4πd

μ 2M
 B. o

3
4πd

μ M
 C. o

3
2πd

μ 2M
 D. o

3
2πd

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 Magntic field due to a dipole along axial and equatorial planes are
2μ0 M
B0 =
4π r3
μ0 M
B90 =
4π r3

Magntic field at point due to 1 is B and due to 2 is B

1 2

Applying the formulas,

μ0 M
B1 = and
4π r3
2μ0 M
B2 =
3
4π r

∴ Net magnetic field at point = B 2 − B1

μ0 M
=
4π d 3

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 14. The period of oscillation of a magnet of a vibration magnetometer is 2.45 s at
one place and 4.9 s at the other. The ratio of the horizontal component of the
earth’s magnetic field at the two places is

 A. 1:4

 B. 1:2

 C. 2:1

 D. 4:1

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 Magnet kept with its axis at an angle θ with a magnetic field will undergo
angular SHM.

Equation of angular SHM is given by

2
α = −ω θ − −(1)

Torque acting on the magnet

→ −
→ →
τ = M × B
= M B sin θ
For very small θ, τ = −M Bθ
(because torque is in the opposite direction of θ)

τ = −M Bθ

⇒ I α = −M Bθ

MB
⇒ α = −( )θ
I

where I is the moment of inertia.

Comparing with (1),

MB
ω = √
I

2π
∴ Time period T =
ω

I
= 2π√
MB

1
i.e T ∝
√B
2 2
B1 T2 4.9
∴ = ( ) = ( )
B2 T1 2.45

= 4 : 1

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