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Advanced Separation Processes

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Advanced Separation Processes

Uploaded by

chandank635
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED SEPARATION PROCESS: ASSIGNMENT II

Semester: July-Dec, 2024 (Total marks: 20 marks)

Section I

1. Explain the scope for application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment.


2. Explain the principle involved in gas separation along with two examples. What are the
factors affecting the membrane performance? (b) Define nanofiltration. Explain the
Donnan Exclusion principle.
3. What is drying, and explain the mechanism of moisture transport in drying operation?
4. Explain the mechanism of solvent transport in forward osmosis with a neat sketch. What
are the governing factors in forward osmosis?
(4 Marks)

Section II

1. Ammonia is to be absorbed from air mixture counter-currently in a plate column with


fresh water. Ammonia concentration is reduced from 10 mol% to 1 mol% and the inlet
water and gas rates are 500 and 400 mol/m 2s. Calculate the number of actual plates
required for the absorber. Equilibrium data for the system at 20 oC and 1 atm is given:

X (kmol NH3/kmol 0.0050 0.0164 0.0252 0.0349 0.0455 0.0722


H2O)

Y (kmol NH3/kmol 0.0054 0.0210 0.0320 0.0420 0.0533 0.0800


air)

Molar masses of air, ammonia, and water are 29, 17, and 18 kg/mol, respectively. Plate
efficiency = 70% for all the plates in the column.
(2 Marks)

2. (a) Explain different stages of the drying curve and working mechanism of any one dryer.

(b) 1800 kg of granular solid is to be dried under constant drying conditions from
moisture content of 0.25 kg/kg dry solid to a final moisture content of 0.025 kg/kg dry
solid. The drying surface is given as 0.0815m 2/kg. Under the same conditions, the
following rates were previously known. Calculate the time required for drying.
Moisture Content:

X, kg/kg dry solid 0.3 0.2 0.14 0.096 0.056 0.046 0.026 0.016

Rate, N, kg/m2h 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.46 1.29 0.88 0.54 0.376

(2 Marks)

Section III

1. (a) Mention any two applications of the ultrafiltration process along with the protocol that
needs to be followed to avoid membrane fouling and cleaning of the fouled membrane.
(2 Marks)

(b) An ultrafiltration module is used to concentrate a feed solution. The concentration of


feed in the bulk is 0.6 wt%. The water flux through the membrane is 0.53 m 3/m2h, and the
mass transfer coefficient at the membrane is 3.6×10 -5 cm/s. the diffusivity of solute is
9.2×10-7 cm2/s. the solute rejection in the membrane is 90%. Calculate (a) Mass transfer
film thickness (b) Concentration polarization modulus (c) solute concentration in the
liquid near the membrane surface. (2 Marks)

Section IV

2. (a) What are membrane contactor systems? Mention the advantages and limitations of use
on an industrial scale. (2 Marks)

(b) A 250 mol/m3 lactic acid solution is being extracted from an aqueous solution using a
PVDF-based hollow fiber membrane contactor system. Tri-n-octylamine of 620 mol/m3
in 1-octanol as a diluent was used as an organic media to enable the mass transfer of acid.
The final concentration of aqueous lactic acid after 2 hr of operation is 25 mol/m3.
(a) Calculate the distribution coefficient and yield of extraction.
(b) Calculate the M.T.C of lactic acid in aqueous phase.
(c) Calculate the concentration of lactic acid at aqueous-membrane interface.
Data given: do = 300 µm; νaq = 0.005 m/s; DLA,aq = 2.65*10-9 m2/s
(2 Marks)

Section V
1. Oil is to be extracted from meal by means of benzene using a continuous countercurrent
extractor. The unit is to treat 1,000 kg of meal (based on completely exhausted solid) per
hour. The untreated meal contains 400 kg of oil and is contaminated with 25kg of benzene.
The fresh solvent mixture contains 10kg of oil and 655 kg of benzene. The exhausted solids
are to contain 60kg of unextracted oil. Experiments carried out under conditions identical with
those of the projected battery show that the solution retained depends on the concentration of
the solution, as shown below:

Concentration, Solution retained, Concentration, Solution retained,


kg oil / kg solution kg/kg solid kg oil / kg solution kg/kg solid
0.0 0.500 0.4 0.550
0.1 0.505 0.5 0.571
0.2 0.515 0.6 0.595
0.3 0.530 0.7 0.620

Determine: (a) The concentration of the strong solution, or extract; (b) The concentration of
the solution adhering to the extracted solids; (c) The mass of solution leaving with the
extracted meal; (d) The mass of extract; (e) The number of stages required.
All quantities are given on an hourly basis.
(4 Marks)

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