Assignment 04
Assignment 04
Assignment 04
• A change in state of the air from 250°C and 3 bar to 80°C and 1 bar.
• The production of 1800 J of work.
• The transfer of an undisclosed amount of heat to a heat reservoir at 30°C.
Determine whether the claimed performance of the process is consistent with the second law.
Assume that air is an ideal gas for which CP = (7/2)R.
3. A rigid vessel of 0.06 m3 volume contains an ideal gas, CV = (5/2)R, at 500 K and 1 bar.
(a) If heat in the amount of 15,000 J is transferred to the gas, determine its entropy change.
(b) If the vessel is fitted with a stirrer that is rotated by a shaft so that work in the amount of
15,000 J is done on the gas, what is the entropy change of the gas if the process is
adiabatic? What is ΔStotal? What is the irreversible feature of the process?
Ans: 20.8 JK-1
4. Liquid water at 25°C and 1 bar fills a rigid vessel. If heat is added to the water until its
temperature reaches 50°C, what pressure is developed? The average value of β between 25
and 50°C is 36.2 × 10−5 K−1. The value of κ at 1 bar and 50°C is 4.42 × 10−5 bar−1, and may
be assumed to be independent of P. The specific volume of liquid water at 25°C is 1.0030
cm3·g−1.
5. An operating test of a steam turbine produces the following results. With steam supplied to
the turbine at 1350 kPa and 375°C, the exhaust from the turbine at 10 kPa is saturated vapor.
Assuming adiabatic operation and negligible changes in kinetic and potential energies,
determine the turbine efficiency, i.e., the ratio of actual work of the turbine to the work of a
turbine operating isentropically from the same initial conditions to the same exhaust pressure.
Ans: 68%
6. Superheated steam at 700 kPa and 280°C flowing at the rate of 50 kg⋅s−1 is mixed with liquid
water at 40°C to produce steam at 700 kPa and 200°C. Assuming adiabatic operation, at what
rate is water supplied to the mixer? What is entropy generation (SG) for the process? What is
the irreversible feature of the process?
Ans: -3.5 kJ/(kg.K)
7. A nuclear power plant generates 750 MW; the reactor temperature is 315oC (588.15K) and
a river with water temperature of 20oC(239.15K) is available.
(a) What is the maximum possible thermal efficiency of the plant, and what is the minimum
rate at which heat must be discarded to the river?
(b) If the actual thermal efficiency of the plant is 60% of the maximum, at what rate must
heat be discarded to the river, and what is the temperature rise of the river if it has a flow
rate of 165 m3s-1?
Ans: a) ηmax = 0.502, Q̇c = 745.297 MW b) Q̇c = 1.742 x 103 MW, ΔT = 2.522K
8. A Carnot heat pump is to be used to heat a house and maintain it at 20°C in winter. On a day
when the average outdoor temperature remains at about 2°C, the house is estimated
to lose heat at a rate of 82,000 kJ/h. If the heat pump consumes 8 kW of power while
operating, determine (a) how long the heat pump ran on that day; (b) the total heating costs,
assuming an average price of 8.5¢/kWh for electricity; and (c) the heating cost for the same
day if resistance heating is used instead of a heat pump.
Ans: (a) 4.19 h, (b) $2.85, (c) $46.47
9.
a) A pure substance is described by an expression for G(T, P). Show how to determine Z,
U, and Cv in relation to G, T, and P and/or derivatives of G with respect to T and P.
b) A pure substance is described by an expression for A(T, P). Show how to determine Z,
H, and Cp in relation to A, T, and V and/or derivatives of A with respect to T and V.
10. Show that
∂V ∂P ∂P ∂V
Cv = −T ( ) ( ) and CP = T ( ) ( )
∂T s ∂T v ∂T s ∂T P
11. A heat engine operating between two reservoirs at 1000 K and 300 K is used to drive a heat
pump which extracts heat from the reservoir at 300 K at a rate twice that at which the engine
rejects heat to it. If the efficiency of the engine is 40% of the maximum possible and the COP
of the heat pump is 50% of the maximum possible, what is the temperature of the reservoir
to which the heat pump rejects heat? What is the rate of heat rejection from the heat pump if
the rate of heat supply to the engine is 50 kW?
Ans: 326.5 K, 86 kW
12. A heat pump is to be used to heat a house in winter and then reversed to cool the house in
summer. The interior temperature is to be maintained at 20°C. Heat transfer through the walls
and roof is estimated to be 0.525 kJ/s per degree temperature difference between the inside
and outside.
Assignment-4
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES) DHANBAD
ESO CHE201- Engineering Thermodynamics (ET) Monsoon 2024- 25
Due date: 1 November 2024, 8.00AM
a. If the outside temperature in winter is 5°C, what is the minimum power required to
drive the heat pump?
b. If the power output is the same as in part (a),
what is the maximum outer temperature for which the inside can be maintained at 20°C?
Ans: (a) 403 W, (b) 35.4°C
13. An ice-making plant produces ice at atmospheric pressure and at 0°C from water. The mean
temperature of the cooling water circulating through the condenser of the refrigerating
machine is 18°C. Evaluate the minimum electrical work in kWh required to produce 1 tonne
of ice (The enthalpy of fusion of ice at atmospheric pressure is 333.5 kJ/kg).
14. In a Carnot cycle, heat is supplied at 350°C and rejected at 27°C. The working fluid is water
which, while receiving heat, evaporates from liquid at 350°C to steam at 350°C. The
associated entropy change is 1.44 kJ/kg K.
(a) If the cycle operates on a stationary mass of 1 kg of water, how much is the work
done per cycle, and how much is the heat supplied?
(b) If the cycle operates in steady flow with a power output of 20 kW, what is the steam
flow rate?
Ans: (a) 465.12, 897.12 kJ/kg, (b) 0.043 kg/s
15. Ten grams of water at 20°C is converted into ice at –10°C at constant atmospheric pressure.
Assuming the specific heat of liquid water to remain constant at 4.2 J/gK and that of ice to
be half of this value, and taking the latent heat of fusion of ice at 0°C to be 335 J/g, calculate
the total entropy change of the system.
Ans: 16.02 J/K)
16. Derive Clausius – Clapeyron equation
17. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatrues 700°C and 50°C.
The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures
of 50°C and – 25°C. The heat transfer to the engine is 2500 kJ and the net work output of the
combined engine refrigerator plant is 400 kJ.
(i) Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoirat
50°C .
(ii) Reconsider (i) given that the efficiency of the heat engine and the C.O.P. of the refrigerator
are each 45 per cent of their maximum possible values.
Answes 1.(i) 6298.6KJ 1.(ii) 2618KJ
18. 300 kJ/s of heat is supplied at a constant fixed temperature of 290°C to a heat engine. The heat
rejection takes place at 8.5°C. The following results were obtained:
(i) 215 kJ/s are rejected.
(ii) 150 kJ/s are rejected.
(iii) 75 kJ/s are rejected.
Classify which of the results report a reversible cycle or irreversible cycle or impossible
Results.
Answer . 2 (i) cycle is irreversible 2 (ii) cycle is reversible 2 (iii) cycle is impossible
19. An iron cube at a temperature of 400°C is dropped into an insulated bath containing 10 kg
water at 25°C. The water finally reaches a temperature of 50°C at steady state. Given that the
specific heat of water is equal to 4186 J/kg K. Find the entropy changes for the iron cube and
the water. Is the process reversible ? If so why
Answer Entropy =1177.24 J/K irreversible
22. Two Carnot engines work in series between the source and sink temperatures of 550 K and
350 K. If both engines develop equal power determine the intermediate Temperature.
Answer 450K