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Introduction Grade 10 Probability Venn Diagrams IEB

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180 views13 pages

Introduction Grade 10 Probability Venn Diagrams IEB

Uploaded by

Donald Dube
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION PROBABILITY

EXAMPLE 1

In a hat, there are cards numbered from 1 to 10.


Sample space: The set of all possible
S = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}
outcomes (possible values).

Consider the events:


Definition of Event: An event is a
Drawing an odd number: A = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 } specific set of outcomes.
Drawing an even number: B = {2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10}

is simply the number of elements in .

The number of possible outcomes in the sample space, S, is denoted by .


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Consider the events: S = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}

Drawing an odd number: A = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 }


Drawing an even number: B = {2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10}

The number of possible outcomes in the sample space, S, is denoted by n(S).

Definition of Probability:

• The probability of even E occurring and:


• The number of favourable outcomes for event E (i.e., the number of outcomes in
which E occurs).
• The total number of possible outcomes in the sample space S (i.e., the number of
outcomes in which any event could occur).
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Consider the events: S = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}

Drawing an odd number: A = {1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 }


Drawing an even number: B = {2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10}

The intersection of two events, A and B, means the common outcomes of both events. In other
words, it includes only the results that happen in both A and B at the same time.

A and B = A  B = { } or

(A and B) = (A  B) = 0

The union of two sets, A and B, is all the elements in set A, in set B, or both. In other words, it's a
new set that includes everything from both sets without repeating any element.

A or B = A  B = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}

(A or B) = (A  B) =
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Union and Intersection


In a hat, there are cards numbered from 1 to 10. S = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}

Consider the events:

Drawing a factor of 6: A= {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 6}
Drawing a factor of 9: B = {1 ; 3 ; 9}

The intersection of these sets is all the elements that are both in A and in B.

A and B = A  B = {1 ; 3}

(A and B) = (A  B) =

The union of these sets is all the elements in A or in B.

A or B = A  B = {2 ; 6 ; 1 ; 3 ; 9}

(A or B) = (A  B) =
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In a hat, there are cards numbered from 1 to 10. S = {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10}

Consider the events:

Drawing a factor of 6: A= {1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 6}
Drawing a factor of 9: B = {1 ; 3 ; 9}

?
(S) = 10

(A) = 4

(B) = 3

(A and B) = 2

(A or B) = 5

L.H.S. = (A or B) R.H.S. = (A) + (B) – (A and B)


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Calculating Probabilities

Definition of Probability:

• The probability of even E occurring and:


• The number of favourable outcomes for event E (i.e., the number of outcomes in
which E occurs).
• The total number of possible outcomes in the sample space S (i.e., the number of
outcomes in which any event could occur).
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Problem 1:

In a class of 38 learners, 24 play hockey, 30 play netball and 4 play neither hockey nor netball.

a) Complete the Venn diagram:

H = hockey players, and N = netball players

b) If a learner is chosen from the class at random, calculate the probability that she plays:

1) hockey and netball

2) hockey only

3) neither hockey nor netball


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Problem 2:

For events A and B, P(A) = 0,25, P(B) = 0,5, and P(A and B) = 0,15.

(a) Complete the Venn Diagram below.

(b) Calculate P(A or B).


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Examples

Shade in the region indicated:

A' B
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Shade in the region indicated:

A' B
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Problem 3:

Shade in the region indicated:


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Problem 4:

In the Venn diagram below, given that.

Calculate the value of and


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Problem 5:

The Venn diagram below provides information about the number of elements in sets A and B
within the sample space S.

Given that:
• .

Find the value of .

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