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Role of Compilers in Computer Architecture

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Fatima Ahmed
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24 views12 pages

Role of Compilers in Computer Architecture

Uploaded by

Fatima Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Role of Compilers in Computer

Architecture
Authors: Jasveen Kaur, Amanpreet
Kaur
Institution: Guru Nanak Dev
University
Introduction
• What is a Compiler?
• - Converts high-level language (HLL) code into
machine language.
• - Essential for executing HLL programs
efficiently.
Importance of Compiler and
Architecture Interaction
• Why interaction matters:
• - Effective compilers improve application
performance.
• - Efficient architectures support better
compiler optimization.
• Trade-offs: Collaboration between compiler
designers and hardware architects is crucial.
Structure of a Compiler
• Front-end:
• - Lexical Analysis: Tokenizes input.
• - Syntax Analysis: Verifies program structure.
• - Semantic Analysis: Ensures logical correctness.
• - Intermediate Code Generation
• Back-end:
• - Code Optimization
• - Code Generation (produces machine code)
Compilation Process Overview
• Two key phases:
• 1. Analysis Phase: Understands the source
code’s meaning.
• 2. Synthesis Phase: Converts meaning into
machine code.
Compiler Optimization Techniques
• High-level optimizations: Operate on source
code level.
• Local optimizations: Improve basic code
blocks.
• Global optimizations: Span multiple code
blocks and loops.
• Register allocation: Efficient register use.
• Processor-dependent optimizations: Tailored
to specific hardware.
Factors Affecting Compiler
Optimization
• Machine Architecture:
• - Number of CPU registers
• - RISC vs. CISC architectures
• - Pipelines and Functional Units
• - Cache size and memory transfer rates
Wulf’s Views and Cost Equation
• Wulf’s principles: Simplifying work for
compilers via architecture.
• Cost equation:
• - Software costs: Compiler design, execution,
compiled program.
• - Hardware costs: Architecture design,
manufacturing.
Architectural Principles Supporting
Compilers
• Regularity: Consistent processes.
• Orthogonality: Clear separation of data types,
operations, and addressing modes.
• Compensability: Combining regularity and
orthogonality for efficiency.
Challenges and Recommendations
for Compiler Writers
• Challenges:
• - Managing large programs and complex
instructions.
• - Balancing trade-offs in code sequences.
• Recommendations:
• - Provide primitives, not solutions.
• - Simplify trade-offs with limited instruction
sets.
Conclusion
• Effective compilers enable optimized program
execution on efficient architectures.
• Collaboration between hardware and
compiler designers is essential.
• Balance between advanced support and
general-purpose usability is crucial.
References
• 1. Wulf, Hennessy & Patterson.
• 2. Torben Egidius Mogense - Basics of
Compiler Design.
• 3. MIT OCW, IEEE, Wikipedia.

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