Technical Specifications

SECTION: STATCOM Stations

Revision-01

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 1 of 75

 S. No. Index Page No.
1 Introduction 4
2 Scope of work 5
3 Functional Characteristics 8
4 Power system characteristics 9
5 Continuous Rating 10
6 Over load Rating 10
7 Selection of Insulation levels 12
8 STATCOM Station Control Concept 13
9 STATCOM Units 18
10 STATCOM Station Control and Protection System 19
11 STATCOM Station Human Machine Interface requirements 20
12 Protection System 21
13 STATCOM Controller 25
14 Fault Recording 25
15 Radio Interference 25
16 Mechanically Switched Reactor (MSR) 26
17 Mechanically switched capacitor (MSC) 27
18 Coupling Transformer 30
19 Valve Cooling system for STATCOM 48
20 Auxiliary Supply System 49
21 AC and Ventilation System 50
22 Fire Protection System for STATCOM Station 51
23 VT & CT 51
24 Visual Monitoring System 52
25 Requirement for Remote operation of STATCOM Station 57
26 MV Circuit Breaker 58
27 Isolators & Earth switches 59
28 Surge Arrester 60
29 Design Principles 60
30 Reliability and Availability of STATCOM Station 61
31 Losses Requirements 65
32 Repair Procedure 67
33 Testing Requirements 67
34 Commissioning Responsibilities 68
35 Quality Control 69
36 Site Inspection 71
37 Design Reports and Design Reviews 71
38 Spare Parts 72
39 Bid Document for STATCOM Station 72

Annexure A: Inhibited Insulating Oil Parameters 73

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 2 of 75

 Definitions and Abbreviations
For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions / abbreviations are used:

CT: Current Transformer.

MSC: Mechanically Switched Capacitor (Including Switchgear).

MSR: Mechanically Switched Reactor (Including Switchgear).

MV: Medium Voltage.

Owner: The Owner (POWERGRID) is assumed to be responsible for the writing of the
specification, the execution of the contract, owning as well as the end user of the STATCOM
Stations.
PCC: Point of Common Coupling.

Power Module: Basic single power module of a Multi Module Valve. It includes H-Bridge,
DC Capacitor, Parallel discharge resistors, Bypass switch and associated accessories.

STATCOM UNIT: Static Synchronous Compensator based on Multi-Module technology and

including air cored reactors as needed, Valve cooling, switchgear and its control and protection.

STATCOM: Static Synchronous Compensator consisting of multiple STATCOM UNITS

operating in parallel.

STATCOM STATION: STATCOM Station includes 400 kV Switchgear(if applicable),

Coupling Transformer, STATCOM, MSCs(if applicable), MSRs(if applicable) and its
switchgear and complete integrated control and protection. (Complete turnkey delivery at site).

SAS: Substation Automation System.

VT: Voltage Transformer.

Valve Structure: Physical structure holding valve(s), which is insulated to the full system
voltage above earth potential.

Valve Section: Electrical assembly defined for test purposes, comprising one STATCOM
phase unit.

Valve: Electrical assembly comprising all Valve sections of STATCOM unit.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 3 of 75

1 Introduction:
It is the intent of POWERGRID to install STATCOM Stations at various 400kV Substations
as given in the Section-Project of Technical Specification.
This technical proposal for each STATCOM Station consist of STATCOM connected to the
400kV three-phase bus through a coupling transformer (400/ X kV) and also includes
Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs) and Mechanically Switched Reactors (MSRs)
connected to MV Bus. The main building block of the STATCOM should be Single-Phase
Module, with Multi-Module ( including minimum 2 redundant module) Valves operating in a
way to eliminate or minimize ac filter requirement to High pass filter only and connected to
the X kV bus through air core reactors as needed. MV bus voltage level (X kV) can be chosen
by the Bidder to optimize the offered solution which meets functional requirement of this
Technical Specification. The STATCOM shall be multiple STATCOM units (at least two
STATCOM units) operating in parallel. The STATCOM Station rating for each site is defined
in Section-Project of Technical Specification. Generally, the purpose of MSCs and MSRs is
to maintain steady state voltage on 400kV bus to within + 5% of the set reference voltage,
usually 400 kV. The purpose of STATCOM is to improve system stability, provide damping,
and to smooth out the step voltage change associated with MSCs and MSRs switching and
provide steady state VARs as needed to support the 400kV bus voltage. In order to get
optimum control of MVAR, the control of these MSCs and MSRs, as well as any existing
capacitor and reactor banks as stated in the Section Project of Technical Specification, shall
be integrated along with STATCOM control to provide steady state 400 kV bus voltage
control in a smooth manner. MSRs and MSCs are to be switched to relieve the STATCOM
from high level operation, reduce its continuous losses and maximize its dynamic control
potential. The operating functions of the STATCOM Station shall include:
• Steady state voltage control of 400 kV bus,
• Balance steady state voltage at 400kV bus,
• Dynamic over-voltage control,
• Transient and Dynamic stability control
• Damping of Power Oscillations
• Damping of Subsynchronous Oscillations
It is assumed that the arresters will limit any transient and switching surge over voltages and
may also, by design, limit dynamic over voltages.

The requirement of reactive power compensation is defined in this section. The levels
guaranteed by the Bidder shall not be less than the levels specified hereunder.
The reactive power levels shall be determined by manufacturing tolerances of the components
and measurements carried out using metering accuracy instrumentation at the 400kV feed
points to the STATCOM Station. The reactive power capability shall also be determined by
calculations based on test values of appropriate quantities at the discretion of the owner.
In calculations of capability and availability, the owner shall assume the most unfavorable
combinations of control, manufacturing and measurement tolerances.
The rated capability of STATCOM, MSC(if applicable) & MSR(if applicable) shall be at 400
kV (Referred to as “Point of Common Coupling” or PCC) and in the steady state frequency
range of 48.5 Hz-50.5 Hz. Further the STATCOM Station including STATCOM Units,
MSCs and MSRs shall be designed to operate continuously under the worst possible
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 4 of 75
 combination of steady state voltage and frequency range of 360- 440 kV and 47.5 Hz – 52 Hz
respectively and transient and temporary over voltages defined in Clause 6.1.3
1.1 Ambient conditions
STATCOM should be designed to perform under the ambient conditions as specified for each
location in Section-Project of Technical Specification.
2 Scope of work
This is a turn-key Technical Specification for the Contractor to supply according to this
specification, each complete STATCOM Station including STATCOM units along with
Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs) (if applicable) and Mechanically Switched
Reactors (MSRs) (if applicable). Rating of STATCOM, MSCs and MSRs, shall be as
specified in for each location in Section-Project of Technical Specification. With the
exception of the equipment, material and services furnished by the Owner as defined in
Section-Project, the Contractor shall be responsible for the design, engineering, fabrication,
transport & delivery to site, civil works, erection, installation, testing, training,
commissioning, guarantees/warranties and field verification of the STATCOM station.
The Contractor shall also perform the system studies (steady state and dynamic), design
verification/validation, material procurement, type testing, quality management, factory
inspection/testing, site inspection, field testing, project management and interface
management with Other Parties and all associated Works and services until final handing over
of the STATCOM Station in a satisfactory working and operating condition along with the
necessary spare parts, consumables and documentation, to the Owner.
The STATCOM Station shall be installed at 400 kV sub-station of the Owner and connected
to 400KV Bus (Referred to as “Point of Common Coupling” or PCC). The STATCOM units
shall be required to provide specified reactive power at PCC to the 400 kV network of the
Owner. The Bidder shall decide the voltage of STATCOM Station MV Bus (Secondary
Voltage of Coupling Transformer) and shall provide necessary coupling transformer. The
switchgear provided on the secondary side shall be of standard voltage rating as per IEC. The
switchgear, structure, control, protection and substation automation on 400KV side shall be as
per applicable standard section of the Technical Specification.
2.1 Relevant Standard
STATCOM Station shall comply with the following standards:

ITEM DESCRIPTION STANDARD

1 Voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for STATCOM IEC 62501

IEC 60146
IEC 60747
2 Control, protection & monitoring IEC 61000
IEC 60255

3 Container for housing the equipments as above complete of: IEC 60071
- wall bushings for connection between converter phases IEC 60270
and decoupling reactors, IEC 60137
- piping and tubing connections of the cooling system to
converter
- connection of the control cabinet with the converter
through optical fibers
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 5 of 75
 ITEM DESCRIPTION STANDARD

- internal lighting, auxiliary power supply(AC and DC) and

power socket system
- internal HVAC system

4 X kV, dry insulated, air core and air self-cooled decoupling IEC 60076
reactors. Mechanically Switched Reactors, half-reactors
stacked on above the other, Outdoor installation, Complete with
supporting structures
5 Power Capacitors (MSC etc.) IEC 60871-1

6 400kV Power transformer (Coupling Transformer) IEC 60076

IEC 60354

7 CT’s and VT’s IEC 61869

8 Dis-connectors and Earthing Switches IEC 62271

9 HV & MV Circuit Breakers IEC 62271

10 Surge Arresters IEC 60099

11 Auxiliary & grounding transformer IEC 60076

12 Others items as per POWERGRID practices as applicable Section

GTR

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 6 of 75

2.2 STATCOM Station

Note: Number of branches / units shown above shall be as per Section-Project of Technical specification
Figure 1: Conceptual Indicative Schematic diagram of STATCOM Station

Schematic diagram of STATCOM Station shall be referred to the above Figure 1.

STATCOM Station is a complete turnkey installation, mainly comprised of 400kV
breaker, 400 kV Bus, , Single phase Coupling Transformers, Secondary Voltage Bus,
STATCOM Units, MSCs and MSRs connected to medium voltage Bus through
necessary switchgear, control & protection system and auxiliary equipments. Further
MV CB along with associated disconnector and grounding switches shall be provided
for individual branch (STATCOM, MSC, MSR).

The key components of STATCOM units and associated control & protection should be
designed, manufactured and tested by the Bidder itself. The bidder must also be
responsible for turn key delivery ensure availability and performance guarantees as well
as availability of follow up services and spare parts for running the STATCOM.
2.3 Performances Characteristic
a) When the steady state voltage is within 0.95 –1.05 pu, the Statcom output should be
zero or near zero for reduced losses. If the voltage is above 1.05 pu, then STATCOM
injects inductive current reaching full current at 1.1 pu voltage. If the voltage is above
1.05 pu then after about 5 seconds, MSL is switched in to bring STATCOM back to or
towards zero. If the voltage falls below 0.95 pu the STATCOM injects capacitive
current reaching 1 pu at 0.9 voltage. If the voltage falls below 0.95 pu then after about 5
seconds MSC is switched in to bring STATCOM back to zero or towards zero.
Furthermore the band of 0.1 pu (0.95-1.05) should be variable down to zero and
movable down to 0.9 pu by step of 0.01pu. If stability studies so indicate, STATCOM
should be able to operate in capacitive or inductive mode outside the band.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 7 of 75

Figure-2 Steady State characteristic of STATCOM (Current over load Capacity is mentioned elsewhere in Technical
Specification)
b) The STATCOM must be rated to withstand 1.12 pu for atleast 10 seconds and 1.5 pu for at
least 120ms. At lower voltage, STATCOM must be capable to deliver 1 pu current up to 0.3
pu steady state voltage.
c) The STATCOM shall be capable of continuously delivering its rated current from 0.3 pu to
1.1 pu primary voltage.
d) The STATCOM shall be capable of delivering its rated current for 10 seconds at 1.12 pu
primary voltage.
e) STATCOM shall be capable of taking less than 20ms from 90% of inductive rated current
to 90% of capacitive rated current and vice versa.
f) Control of STATCOM Station shall be designed to prevent hunting between MSRs, MSCs
and STACOM.
g) The injected harmonics by STATCOM Station under the full operating range measured at
400 kV Bus(PCC) in accordance with IEEE-519-1992 and limiting values of individual
harmonic distortions and total harmonic distortion shall be 0.5% and 1 % respectively.
3 Functional Requirement
3.1 Steady State Condition
The STATCOM Station (STATCOM along with MSCs and MSRs) shall provide necessary
reactive power support to the 400 kV bus (PCC) to compensate for voltage variation under
steady state.
3.2 Dynamic Over-voltage Control Performance
The STATCOM shall be required to provide necessary reactive power support with fast and
smooth variation so that over-voltages under dynamic conditions are controlled. STATCOM
shall smooth out the step caused by switching of MSCs and MSRs.
The operation of each STATCOM over its range of MVAR from full capacitive to full
Inductive capacity and vice-versa shall be on the basis of smooth variation.
3.3 Transient and Dynamic Stability Performances
The STATCOM Station shall provide necessary reactive power so that transient and dynamic
stability of the Owner’s system are enhanced.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 8 of 75
3.4 Damping of Power Oscillations
The STATCOM shall provide necessary damping to power oscillations by modulating its
output in its entire range based on measured rate of change of power / frequency at the 400kV
bus.
3.5 Damping of Subsynchronous Oscillation
STATCOM installed in proximity to generating station (Conventional generating station like
Thermal, Hydro, Gas, and Nuclear based) may have adverse effect pertaining to Sub
synchronous resonance (SSR). Contractor has to carry out a SSR study for such STATCOM
stations based on inputs from POWERGRID. In case SSR are detected, Contractor has to
implement suitable mitigating measures / functions in STATCOM for damping of SSR.
3.6 Facility for compensation of phase imbalance
The bidder shall assume the negative sequence voltage of 1% at rated short circuit level and
provide control to reduce this unbalance.
3.7 Start up and Initial Switching:
The operation of STATCOM during start-up/ initial switching on should not create significant
energizing transients causing voltage drop, voltage distortion and swinging of transmission
voltage angle at the PCC bus by more than +/-5%. The contractor shall have to demonstrate
this analytically during design phase and also in the field after commissioning of the facility.
The compensator shall be capable of starting automatically within 10 seconds of 400 kV
supply being restored following a long period with no supply at the 400 kV terminals of the
compensator.
4 Power system characteristics
The following ac power system characteristics apply at the point of connection. Normal
STATCOM Station operation is required within the parameter values and durations given
below:
1. Nominal ac system voltage, line-to-line 400 kV
2. Maximum continuous ac system voltage, line-to-line 420 kV
3. Minimum continuous ac system voltage, line-to-line 380 kV
4. Maximum short-term ac system voltage, line-to-line 448 kV
5. Maximum duration of item 4 10 s
6. Continuous negative-sequence voltage 1 %
component(used for performance calculation)
7. Continuous negative-sequence voltage component 1.5 %
(used for rating calculation)
8. Continuous zero-sequence voltage component 1 %
9. Nominal ac system frequency 50 Hz
10. Maximum continuous ac system frequency 50.5 Hz
11. Minimum continuous ac system frequency 48.5 Hz
12. Maximum short-term ac system frequency 51.5 Hz
13. Minimum short-term ac system frequency 47.5 Hz
14. Maximum three-phase fault current Refer section
project
15. Existing three-phase fault current Refer section
project
16. Minimum three-phase fault current Refer section
project
17. Background harmonic voltage (or current) spectrum Refer section
(for STATCOM components rating) project

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 9 of 75

5 Continuous Rating
5.1 The STATCOM shall be capable of continuous unrestricted operation from 0.3 pu to 1.1 pu
primary voltage. (at 1.1 pu system voltage, STATCOM operating in full inductive mode and
MSRs switched in or at 0.9 pu system voltage, STATCOM in full capacitive mode and MSCs
switched in.)
5.2 The nominal continuous operating capability shall be at 1.0 pu voltage as measured from the
primary side of the coupling transformer, including all worst combination of tolerances for
components.
5.3 The STATCOM shall be capable of continuous unrestricted operation for system frequencies
specified as 48.5 to 50.5 Hz.
5.4 Bidder shall include in the bid documentation, curves stating continuous and short term (up to
10 second) reactive the capability (capacitive and inductive), as a function of transmission
system voltage (0.3 pu to 1.5 pu)
5.5 The STATCOM Station shall be capable of unrestricted repetitive response throughout the
entire dynamic operating range, in accordance with the above ratings. The compensator,
coupling transformer and all bus equipment such as filter branches(if used), MSCs and MSRs
branches etc should be rated to withstand the specified continuous and short-term operation,
and to withstand or be protected against voltage and current stresses that exceed the rating of
these components.
5.6 All equipment in the STATCOM Station should be capable of sustaining, without damage,
any fault limited by the maximum design short circuit level of the Power System and the
STATCOM coupling transformer impedance.
6 Over load Rating
6.1 Transmission System steady state Overvoltage
1. The STATCOM Station must be designed to withstand the continuous overvoltage of 1.1pu
and 1.12pu for 10 sec.
2. During the short term overvoltage condition with primary voltage being higher than 1.5 pu
for 120 ms, the STATCOM must be capable of producing its rated inductive current.
3. The STATCOM controls should be designed to correct negative sequence voltage during
steady state operation.
4. The switching module design should include an appropriate allowance for stray capacitance
and component tolerances.
5. The STATCOM should be designed to prevent, or alternatively to withstand, false firing
events, i.e., the firing of any valve at an incorrect time in the cycle or when not ordered. The
bidder should describe the details of prevention or inherent withstand capability built in its
design.
6. Each Power module should be able to operate within component ratings, generally with at
least two or 5% failed modules in a valve which ever is greater. The number of possible
failed modules should be selected by the supplier, demonstrated to the user, and be consistent
with the availability requirements of the STATCOM. The power devices should only fail
safely in short circuit (or have high speed shorting switches) and continue to carry the current
in short circuit. The adjacent power module should be protected against possible explosion of
power device.
7. The Bidder shall include in the bid documentation, a curve indicating continuous and short
term inductive and capacitive capability for suppression/boosting of transmission system
over voltages/under voltage, as the case may be.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 10 of 75
 8. The Bidder shall include a curve for winter overload and use of redundant cooling.
6.2 Transmission System Under voltage
1. It is essential that the STATCOM operates in a robust manner when transmission system
under voltages appears. For transmission system voltages equal to 0.3 pu, the STATCOM
must operate unrestricted, producing its rated capacitive current. The STATCOM must be
designed to operate at transmission system under voltage, even considering that severe
voltage unbalances can appear. The STATCOM must not be restricted by short term negative
sequence voltages up to 1.5%, appearing in conjunction with under voltages. The bidder shall
include in the bid documentation, a plot of the STATCOM output versus different AC voltage
unbalances.
2. Transmission system under voltages below 0.3 pu will appear in conjunction with
transmission system faults. The STATCOM must ride through during faults and post fault
under voltages. The minimum trip delay for the STATCOM, upon complete loss of the
transmission system voltage shall not be less than 5 seconds. If station AC auxiliary power
distribution is affected, critical loads must be fed from DC station batteries, without tripping
the STATCOM. Adequate capacity must be kept in DC station batteries to feed critical loads
for smooth operation of the STATCOM facility. There must be redundant station battery
system with each station battery system capable of delivering 100% load.
6.3 Dynamic Over Voltage
1. The Contractor shall carry out dynamic stability study upfront in order to assess the dynamic
overvoltage requirements. These studies shall include conditions with maximum and
minimum short circuit system MVA conditions, single phase and three phase faults as well as
stuck breaker, outage of nearby generator and also with outage of parts of the STATCOM
Station. It is important that the STATCOM Station rides through temporary over voltages and
not trip when it is needed the most.
2. Two Owner’s engineers will participate in the studies at the Contractors premises preferably
in India. The Contractor will facilitate office accommodation, and deliver software and
database for future use by the Owner with license to use
3. The system should be able to withstand any 3 phase, 5 cycle (100 ms) and single phase 10
cycles (200 ms) fault with consequent loss of a 400 kV double circuit line and loss of a 500
MW generator. The fault duration mentioned above correspond to time assumed for
persistence of fault. Back up fault clearing time is 600 m sec and Single phase auto re-close
on 400 kV AC lines is completed within 1.1 second.
In addition to above requirement the cases attached in Section Project shall also be
considered.
4. The 400 kV system and equipments to which the STATCOM is connected is designed to
withstand switching surge overvoltage up to 2.5 pu and power frequency over voltages up to
1.5 pu with initial value of the temporary overvoltage up to 2.0 pu for 1-2 cycles. Based on
arrestor coordination and under the worst case scenario the 400 kV system phase to ground
peak over voltages may be expected as follows
i) 650kVp for 03 peaks
ii) 575kVp up to 5 cycles
iii) 530kVp up to 1 second
iv) 475kVp up to 10 seconds
a) The STATCOM Station shall be designed to withstand these sequential over-
voltages.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 11 of 75
 b) If the over voltages greater than 1.1 pu are exceeded in magnitude and duration
due to any system contingencies, suitable control action shall be taken by
STATCOM Station to bear this kind of contingency.
c) The contractor shall evolve the insulation co-ordination of the components of the
STATCOM Station after studies have been conducted to determine the over-
voltage profile with the STATCOM connected to the system.
d) The contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Owner that STATCOM
Station will not excite ferro-resonance and sub-synchronous oscillation in the AC
system.
e) It may also be noted that the tripping action for the Employer's 400kV lines is
initiated if the over voltage exceeds 1.12pu for 10 seconds. The tripping of 400 kV
lines is initiated if 1.5 pu voltage persists for more than 100 milliseconds. The over
voltage strategy shall be co-ordinated with these setting such that the STATCOM
Station rides through up to these levels.
6.4 Over Currents
The overvoltage cycles mentioned in clause 6.3-4 above create a corresponding current
overload in the STATCOM Station components; the STATCOM Station and its components
shall be designed to withstand these.
In addition to the above the STATCOM Station and its components shall be designed to
withstand overloading caused due to the following eventualities.
i) Short circuits and ground faults in the 400kV system especially those occurring
near to the STATCOM Station and medium voltage bus of the STATCOM
Station.
ii) Transient overvoltage due to switching operations and atmospheric effects.
iii) Temporary over voltages
iv) Short circuits in the transformer secondary circuit such as
- Bushing terminal fault
- Flashover across a reactor
v) Protection system faults.
If the rated overvoltage is exceeded as a result of prolonged stressing or for other reasons, the
protection specified elsewhere in the specification shall come into effect to prevent damage.
The ac voltage unbalance at fundamental frequency shall be assumed equivalent to a negative
phase sequence component of 1.5 % for equipment rating purposes.
7 Selection of Insulation levels
7.1 Arrestors:

Protective levels of arresters connected to the 400 kV ac bus bars of the STATCOM Station

shall be coordinated with the insulation and surge arrester Characteristics of the 400 kV ac

systems to which the STATCOM Station is to be connected.

The specification and characteristics of the surge arresters installed in 400 kV AC system are
given in Section Switchgear Chapter Surge Arrester clause 7.0

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 12 of 75

 a) The front of wave (FWWL), lightning impulse (LIWL) and switching
impulse (SIWL) withstand levels shall be determined by the following
margins: A SIWL at least 1.15 times the switching impulse protection level.
b) A LIWL which is an IEC standard level corresponding to the SIWL and shall
be at least 1.25 times the lightning impulse protection level.
c) A FWWL which is at least 1.25 times the front of wave protection level.
In addition to above minimum basic requirement the various insulations level of 400 kV
equipment shall be as below. The STATCOM Station equipment, coupling transformers etc.
shall be co- ordinated accordingly.

SIWL LIWL
All equipment except Bus Post Insulator 1050 kVp 1425 kVp
Bus Post Insulator 1175 kVp 1550 kVp
Bushings of transformer 1050 kVp 1425 kVp
Winding of transformer 1050 kVp 1300 kVp
7.2 Valves
The requirement of insulation levels of the valves shall be provided by the bidder along with
the bid.
7.3 Air clearances
The air clearances shall be determined by the contractor based on the required withstand
levels for all waveforms in order to limit the probability of flashover within the STATCOM
Station to a target value of one flashover in 15 years.
7.4 Switchyard
The air clearances for switchyard equipment shall be equal to or greater than minimum values
as specified in IEC-60071. Altitude correction factor(if any) shall also be considered as per IEC
7.5 Leakage distances
The Creepage/leakage distance across insulation shall be determined by the contractor and
shall be adequate to ensure that under condition of heavy pollution, the probability of a flash
over of an insulator does not exceed one in 15 years. However, the leakage distance for all
AC insulators for outdoor installation shall not be less than 25 mm/kV of the maximum
operating phase to earth rms voltage at the insulator. The leakage distance of equipment
connected to 400 kV systems shall not be less than 10500 mm.
8 STATCOM Station Control Concept
The control system shall control the STATCOM, MSCs, MSRs required under this TS, as
well as any existing switchable capacitor and reactor banks as stated in the Section project of
Technical Specification.
The control system shall coordinate the operation of the STATCOM Station to regulate the
primary voltage (400kV bus). Operation logic for the breakers, disconnectors and earth-
switches in the STATCOM Station shall also be incorporated in the control system. The
control shall be programmable and have sufficient scope and flexibility (software
programming margin of at least 20%) to permit re-programming according to future changes
/ addition in the power system. The operator interface must be integrated in a latest version
of Windows environment. Major Control functions of the STATCOM Station shall include
the following:

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 13 of 75

 z Steady State control,
z Dynamic Over-voltage Control,
z Transient and Dynamic Stability control
z Damping of Power Oscillations
z Smoothout the impact of MSC’s and MSR’s switching
z Damping of Subsysnchronous Oscilations
8.1 Steady State Control
a) Voltage Control Mode
When the steady state voltage is within 0.95 –1.05 pu, the Statcom output should be zero or
near zero for reduced losses. If the voltage is above 1.05 pu, then STATCOM injects
inductive current reaching full current at 1.1 pu voltage. If the voltage is above 1.05 pu then
after about 5 seconds, MSR is switched in to bring STATCOM back to or towards zero. If the
voltage falls below 0.95 pu the STATCOM injects capacitive current reaching 1 pu at 0.9
voltage. If the voltage falls below 0.95 pu then after about 5 seconds MSC is switched in to
bring STATCOM back to zero or towards zero. Furthermore the band of 0.1 pu (0.95-1.05)
should be variable down to zero and movable down to 0.9 pu by step of 0.01pu. If stability
studies so indicate, STATCOM should be able to operate in capacitive or inductive mode
outside the band.
The definition of response time and settling time is shown in figure-3.
Measurement and signal conversion of the voltage error should not exceed 0.3%. The voltage
response acquisition circuit should have a response time no longer than 10 ms. However time
longer than 10ms can be allowed provided the requirement of STATCOM response time is
met.
When in voltage control mode, the STATCOM shall meet the following requirements on
speed of response time to a Step Change in the voltage reference setting:

Figure-3 Definition of response and settling time

The response time is defined as the elapsed time, required for the STATCOM output to reach
90% of its final value, following a step input of size to cause the STATCOM output to change
from close to (e.g. 75%) its inductive limit, to close to (e.g. 75%) its capacitive limit, shall be
less than one and a half cycles. During this change, the STATCOM output shall not reach its
limits. The settling time to reach within 5% of the final value, shall be less than 100ms.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 14 of 75

 For steady state purposes, the control shall utilize MSRs and MSCs to bring the voltage to
within +/- 5% and relieve the STATCOM to continue operation at a reduced power level and
stay ready for STATCOM to carry out its stability and damping functions.
b) Constant Reactive Power Mode
In this mode, the reactive power output of the STATCOM as well as switching of MSRs
and MSCs, should be manually controlled, by direct operator action. This feature is
normally utilized for testing purpose.
c) Unbalance or Negative phase sequence control Mode
Provide negative phase sequence voltage control to minimize presence of negative
sequence content of the 400kV bus voltage.
8.2 Supplementary Control Functions
a) Gain control
The control should be adaptive in order to maximize its effectiveness.
A gain controller, which shall be a function for supervision of the stability of the closed loop
voltage control, shall be included.
The function of this controller is that when the supervision of the gain in the voltage
regulator detects oscillations in the voltage controller output, the gain shall gradually be
reduced until stability is reached. The detailed studies to this effect shall be carried out by the
contractor
Normally it is a changed condition in the transmission system contribution to the closed loop
gain that results in the instability. The reduction in the voltage regulator gain shall only
balance the external change.
The reduction of the gain shall be able to be reset to nominal value by means of commands
from the operator interface. A relative gain factor shall also be able to be changed from a
gain optimizer.
The Bidder must describe the functions of this adaptive gain control in some detail.
b) Control of Direct Current
The STATCOM must minimize any direct current affecting magnetization of the coupling
transformer to less than 25% of the transformer magnetizing current. DC current flow in the
transformer should be minimized by an independent control function which minimizes DC
current. For presence of up to 0.2% second harmonic in 400kV system, the STATCOM
control should minimize dc current flow in the transformer.
c) Under voltage Strategies
At under voltage conditions for the transmission system voltage, special control strategies are
activated which override the normal control modes presented above.
Normally if the voltage is low, the output from the STATCOM will be capacitive. If the
voltage in all three phases goes below a level specified by the Bidder, but not greater than
0.3pu, a special under voltage strategy may be activated that controls the STATCOM output
to 0 Mvar. As soon as the voltage goes higher than 0.3 pu, the under voltage strategy is
deactivated and the normal control will be in operation.
The STATCOM must not be tripped or shut down automatically for under voltages appearing
for less than 5 seconds. If the low voltage level is other than 0.3 p.u. the Bidder should
specify the under voltage level at which the capacitive current will be reduced and explain
why.
d) Dynamic Performance Controls and System Studies

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 15 of 75

 The Bidder must describe in detail, the dynamic reactive power controls for enhancing
stability margin and also damp oscillations of any critical frequencies. The dead band for
continuous damping control must be very small so that there no discernible sustained
oscillations.
Dynamic performance studies should verify that the STATCOM controls the system’s
dynamic performance during system disturbances, such as major faults (including stuck
breakers), and load rejection, and evaluate all functions specified under various system
conditions (i.e., heavy and light load conditions). At least following studies for above shall be
performed by the Contractor:
i) Studies to verify that the STATCOM provides adequate dynamic control to meet the
system performance criteria for selected local and wide area disturbances
ii) Study of response time and of the STATCOMs behavior and contribution to the
system’s recovery from faults
iii) Studies to verify the operation of any supplementary controls designed to damp power
oscillations following system disturbances.
iv) Studies to evaluate the interaction of the STATCOM controls with the other nearby
control systems, including HVDC controls, generator controls, and controls of other
flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices.
In addition to above, the relevant studies shall include the cases stated for respective sites in
Section Project
8.3 Software Simulation Models
The vendor shall provide the following software simulation model(s) to adequately represent
and model the proposed STATCOM Station in the respective software:
a) Stability Model
The Vendor shall provide a detailed STATCOM dynamics model for use in [PSS/E33 power
flow and stability simulation software.
The model detail shall be appropriate and complete for positive-sequence power system
simulation and analysis that is typically performed with power flow and transient stability
programs. All appropriate control features for such analysis will be modeled and necessary
documentation on the theory and use of model should be provided.
b) Transients Model
The Vendor shall provide a detailed STATCOM transients model for use in PSCAD and
EMTP-RV transients simulation software.
The model detail shall be appropriate and complete for transient response calculation of the
STATCOM system. All appropriate control features for such analysis will be modeled and
necessary documentation on the theory and use of model should be provided.
If any other proprietary softwares are used by the contractor for system control design, the
contractor shall provide these softwares with perpetual license for use by the owner.
8.4 Protective Control Functions
The Contractor shall provide all necessary protections including Main and Back-up
protections for all protective zones and equipments like transformers, STATCOM Units,
MSCs (if applicable), MSRs (if applicable), MV Bus Bar etc. The Bidder must state and
describe all the protections to be provided in the bid document.
a) Overvoltage Protection

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 16 of 75

 The Contractor shall provide adequate overvoltage protection as a result of any normal
operation, mal-operation or system event.
b) Over current Protection
The Contractor shall provide adequate over-current protection for the STATCOM Station as
a result of any abnormal operation, mal-operation or system event.
c) Gate level control Supervision
The Contractor shall provide adequate Power module Gate level control supervision.
8.5 Harmonic performance and AC harmonic filter design
It is likely that with Multi-Module technology, no filters or only a small high-pass filter will
be needed. The STATCOM shall be operable without ac filters. The STATCOM Station
system should be designed to eliminate the effects of any harmonic resonance between its
MSRs and MSCs banks, any filters, and the ac system, and to limit the harmonic distortion
imposed on the 400kV transmission system. Additional contribution of harmonic distortion
from the STATCOM Station to 400kV system (PCC) should not exceed 1% for total and 0.5%
for any specific harmonic.
i) Filter performance
The distortion levels as specified should be met for the following:
a) The continuous range of system and environmental conditions as stated in Section
Project for each site.
b) Variation in total filter capacitance due to manufacturing tolerance, ambient
temperature, aging and changes in capacitance up to alarm level.
c) Variation in tolerance for STATCOM parameters, such as transformer winding
unbalances, valve firing variations
d) MSC and MSR unequal reactor and capacitor reactance between phases.
e) System frequency in the range of 48.5 Hz to 50.5Hz.
Calculation should take into account all possible combinations of STATCOMs, MSCs
and MSRs.
ii) Filter component rating
The harmonic filter components (and other STATCOM components) should be rated to carry
continuously the harmonic currents caused by the background harmonic distortion of the
system and the harmonic currents produced by the STATCOM itself. Unless otherwise
specified, harmonic currents from the system and the STATCOM of the same order should be
added arithmetically. All filter harmonic currents of different order should be added
quadratically (root sum of squares).
The rated voltage of capacitors should be derived from the largest arithmetic sum of the
power-frequency and individual harmonic voltages obtained from stress calculations in
continuous operating conditions (Note: Maximum fundamental voltage and maximum
harmonic contributions may not exist at the same time for STATCOM configurations
including MSRs or MSCs).
For filter capacitor voltage rating, the loss of capacitor unit or elements should be considered
up to the trip level.
The rated voltage of so-called "low voltage" capacitors (e.g. in double or triple tuned filters)
should be chosen such as to also withstand imposed transient stresses from faults, energization
or other switching events.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 17 of 75

iii) Harmonic at PCC
The STATCOM Station contribution to the harmonic distortion levels at the STATCOM
Station connection point (PCC) to the transmission system, shall not exceed the limits
below.
Following are the maximum limits given using denominations according to IEEE STD
519-1992. The 2nd to the 60th harmonics should be considered.
Individual harmonics voltage distortion (Dn) < or = 0.5 %
Total Harmonic voltage distortion factor (THD) < or = 1 %
9 STATCOM Units
In order to ensure a modern low loss and reliable solution to Owner, the STATCOM valve
assembly shall use the Multi-Module (including redundant modules) approach.
In case Bidder offers an advanced topology over and above Multi-Module topology then the
advantages of the offered solution must be stated in the Bid. Alternate topology solution may
also be offered as an alternate Bid.
The valves shall be designed to ensure satisfactory operation according to the overall
performance requirements and include all necessary auxiliary equipments required for
smooth and reliable operation.
The valves shall be indoor air-insulated and cooled by de-mineralized water.
The valves shall be of modular design and have removable Power-Module for ease of
maintenance. The valves shall be mounted to allow easy access for visual inspection, routine
maintenance and replacement, or facilities shall be provided to enable easy access. The
Bidder must describe valve assembly and maintenance aspects of Power-Modules including
grounding of each module for safe maintenance.

9.1 General Requirements of STATCOM

The valve shall be designed to meet the performance requirements described in this
specification and as described below.
Semiconductor Switches - The valve shall be designed with individual semiconductor
switches applied in a conservative manner with regard to their basic design parameters. The
semiconductor switch shall meet the requirements of IEC 60747 except where otherwise
specified herein. The proposed semiconductor switch shall be of a type which is in, or ready
for, commercial operation with characteristics fully proven by recorded years of operation in
other installations. The Bidder shall provide standard data sheet, in the Bid, of ratings for the
semiconductor switches offered.
The semiconductor switches shall be designed to withstand all stresses expected under steady
state, transient and temporary overvoltage conditions.
Basic semiconductor devices shall be of the Press Pack type, or packaged to provide short
circuit means in case of device failure such that the STATCOM can continue to operate
without interruption. The adjacent power module should be protected against possible
explosion of power device.
Bidders shall have the option to offer STATCOM Units with its control system and the
cooling system fully assembled inside a containers. This is to enable containerized system
tested and delivered from manufacturer’s works for faster and reliable installation and
commissioning at site.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 18 of 75

 Under the restriction of redundancy (minimum two or 5% whichever is higher), the failure of
any power switching device or power module or monitoring device shall not prevent
continued system operation. In the event of a device failure, the STATCOM shall annunciate
and identify the specific location of the failed device and continue operation until such time
as repairs can be scheduled. During such time the next shutdown can be availed, the
STATCOM must continue to operate without downgrading STATCOM capability.
In general the STATCOM units shall equally share the load however under contingency
condition it should be possible to run the units with unequal load.
Charging of the DC capacitors of Power module during Initial start-up shall be achieved by
means of Resistors and bypass breaker arrangement. Power for the gate level control shall be
derived internally from Power module.
The main electrical data of the STATCOM Units are the following:
Rated voltage Minimum 20kV
Rated frequency 50Hz
Redundancy (Semiconductor Power device) 2 no. or 5% whichever is higher
Minimum Rated Power of each STATCOM + / - 50MVAR
Valve Cooling Deionized/Demineralized water
9.2 Power Module for Multi-Module Topology
The key element of the Multi-Module topology shall be the Power Module. By
increasing the number of these Modules, it is possible to obtain high voltage with
extremely low harmonic distortion and very low dv/dt using low switching frequency
that reduces power losses. Power module shall have the following characteristics:
Power Module shall be designed to guarantee high maintainability with self sealing type
hydraulic valves and electrical plugs for ease of installation or un-installation.
A STATCOM Unit Valve, with not less than 02 nos. redundant modules, to provide the
medium voltage output to the coupling transformer. It shall be designed for indoor installation
and air insulation, with suitable insulators.
9.3 Test on STATCOM Unit Valve
All applicable tests shall be done as per IEC 62501, In addition water leak test shall also be
done.

10 STATCOM Station Control and Protection System

10.1 The Contractor shall provide the equipment necessary for the purpose of control, protection
and interlocking of all equipments within the scope of supply. The Contractor shall also
provide two complete sets of testing and maintenance equipment for the control system
offered and a list of the same shall be included in the Bid.
10.2 The Contractor shall be responsible for design and coordination of control, protection and
interlocking system and switching sequences within the STATCOM station. All necessary
interfacing required between AC switchyard equipment and STATCOM Station for the above
purpose shall also be included in the scope of the Contracts.
10.3 It is proposed to control STATCOM through a Supervisory Control And Monitoring System
(SCADA). All the data shall be acquired through suitable means from field and various
components and control is executed through the redundant HMI. The local STATCOM
Station Control system shall consist of Redundant STATCOM Station controller, redundant
HMI workstation, Gateway, STATCOM Station Control System Engineering cum
Disturbance Recorder (DR) PC which can also be used as standby HMI workstations in case
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 19 of 75
 of emergency with associated peripheral equipment such as color laser log Printers, Color
laser jet fault record printer, GPS System, Inverter / UPS etc. all interconnected via redundant
Ethernet based Station LAN Network. Each work-stations and PCs at STATCOM Station
shall have at least 19” LED display.
10.4 In addition to above, HMI workstation (identical to HMI Workstation provided in STATCOM
Station control room and with 24” LED display) should also be provided in control room of
existing substation. This HMI workstation should be powered from an independent UPS
system sufficient enough to provide power to HMI workstation for minimum two hour in case
of auxiliary power failure.
10.5 The control equipments shall satisfy the reliability and availability requirements specified in
this specification.
10.6 All necessary measures shall be taken to ensure satisfactory operation in presence of
harmonic current and voltage, noise and radio interference signals. The equipments shall be
designed to operate in the environmental conditions specified in the specification.

11 STATCOM Station Human Machine Interface requirements

11.1 Each STATCOM Station shall have an SCADA consists of an HMI which shall provide a
Centralized (local) operator control of the STATCOM Station functions. All human interface
operations necessary for the control and monitoring of the STATCOM shall be provided at
this point.
11.2 Any abnormal condition requiring operator action or intervention or maintenance on any of
the STATCOM Station subsystems shall be annunciated at the STATCOM Station control
room and the Substation control room.
11.3 The local HMI shall include the following diagrams as different screens in the display system:
• Complete STATCOM Units and STATCOM Station single line diagram
including EHV and MV busses
• AC Auxiliary supply and distribution
• DC Auxiliary supply and distribution
• STATCOM Valve cooling systems
• Interlocking system.
11.4 These diagrams shall indicate status, alarms, voltages, currents, etc. The HMI shall provide
complete diagnostics on alarm and trip indications as required and discussed in this
specification, including SER information.
11.5 A facility shall be provided whereby the local HMI features and functions shall be accessible
from remote. A remote user shall be able to view screens and change STATCOM Station
parameter settings. Access security shall be provided by password to prevent unauthorized
access.

11.6 As the sub-stations, where STATCOM Station shall be installed, are equipped with Sub-
station Automation System (SAS) conforming to IEC 61850, it is required that STATCOM
Station control and monitoring shall be integrated with SAS already provided at Sub-stations
by the Contractor. It is proposed to connect STATCOM Station SCADA with SAS through a
Gateway and the database, configuration etc. of existing SAS shall be upgraded to incorporate
STATCOM Station events, alarms, Controls (both switchgear and control functions of

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 20 of 75

 STATCOM Station like setting of parameters etc.) so that STATCOM Station can be
effectively monitored and controlled from SAS. Further, all fault records (as per subsequent
section) etc. is required to be uploaded to our National Transmission Asset Monitoring
(NTAMC) Center located in Manesar, Gurgaon through a separate gateway either directly or
through a server available in the sub-station for similar purpose for sub-station disturbance
records. The make of SAS shall be as per Section Project.
12 Protection System
12.1 Protection system Design
a) To ensure that faults are cleared within stability critical clearing time, to minimize damage to
plant, and to avoid voltage collapse, loss of load or load limitations, Contractor shall provide
a high speed main protection scheme . An independent (having separate measurement system)
back-up protection scheme shall be provided in the event of the main protection scheme
failing or switched out for maintenance.
b) The STATCOM Station shall be completely self protecting (unit protection). STATCOM
Station shall be protected from damage for all conditions of over-current, overvoltage,
excessive reactive power loading, unbalance due to loss of capacitor elements, phase-to-phase
and phase-to-ground faults, three phase faults, loss of cooling, semiconductor valve or control
malfunction, faults (STATCOM, MV system) in individual primary connected components of
the STATCOM, HV system faults, etc. The STATCOM Station shall withstand the maximum
fault current for a period of the maximum fault clearing time as specified, considering second
contingency cases due to the previously mentioned conditions.
c) All protection equipment and systems should be properly co-ordinated to prevent incorrect
operations of the protection equipment or systems during normal STATCOM Station
operation, including anticipated abnormal conditions on the transmission system, as specified.
Fail-safe principles should be applied throughout.
d) The Contractor shall develop protection concept which is subject of Owner’s approval. The
Contractor shall be responsible for detailed design of the protection systems.
12.2 Protection General Requirements
a) The basic principle and order of precedence for the control and protection shall be to take care
of following:
ƒ Correctly identify a fault, problem or error condition,
ƒ Only if necessary, isolate the minimum number of components, subsystems
whenever possible,
ƒ Utilise degraded modes to the maximum extent possible either directly (no
interruption of the STATCOM operation) or indirectly (by tripping the
STATCOM momentarily in order to isolate the branch and re-energisation of the
STATCOM).
ƒ Trip STATCOM and lockout.
b) Failure of the STATCOM Station Interface (SCADA interface) shall not result in a Protection
trip of the STATCOM. A fail-safe philosophy shall be implemented to allow the STATCOM
to operate safely and independently from the STATCOM Station Interface (SCADA
interface).
c) Protection equipment shall be designed and applied to provide maximum discrimination
between faulty and healthy circuits.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 21 of 75

 d) The Protection shall be sufficiently sensitive to cater for the full range from maximum to
minimum fault level condition. The Protection shall also be suitable for a system fault level
equal to the maximum short circuit capacity at each Substation. All current transformer design
shall be based on these fault levels.
e) All required protective, control devices, etc. including auxiliary instrument transformers and
panels, relays, cabling, wiring, indication, and all other associated plant and material
necessary for the effective operation of the protection systems shall be supplied and installed
under this Contract.
f) The Contractor shall provide the necessary wiring from existing Switchgear to its control
room.
g) The protective relays shall be microprocessor based. Relays shall have approved
characteristics and mounted in dust and moisture proof cases. The protective relays shall be
provided with visual indication for starting, tripping and failure of the protective function.
The LEDs shall be reset without opening the covers. The protection relays shall also be
equipped with HMI facilities suitable for manual parameter settings and viewing of the
settings. Relays with provision for manual operation from outside the case, other than for
resetting, will not be accepted. Relay settings shall be visible and readable without having to
remove the relay cover. Relays shall be of approved construction and shall be arranged so that
adjustments, testing and replacement can be effected with the minimum of time and labor.
Auxiliary Relays of the hand reset type if provided shall be capable of being reset without
opening the case. Electrically reset tripping relays shall be provided as necessitated by the
system of control, such as for those circuits subject to remote supervisory control.
h) Relay contacts shall be suitable for making and breaking the maximum currents which they
may be required to control in normal service but where contacts of the protective relays are
unable to deal directly with the tripping currents, approved Auxiliary tripping relays shall be
provided. In such cases, the number of auxiliary tripping relays operating in tandem shall be
kept to a minimum in order to achieve fast and reliable fault clearance times. Separate
contacts shall be provided for alarm and tripping functions. Relay contacts shall make firmly
without bounce and the whole of the relay mechanisms shall be as far as possible unaffected
by vibration or external magnetic fields
i) Steps shall be taken to protect the circuitry from externally impressed transient voltages
which could reach the circuitry via connections to instrument transformers or the station
battery. The routing of cables should be such as to limit interference to a minimum. Any
auxiliary supplies necessary to power solid state circuits shall be derived from the main
station battery and not from batteries internal to the protection.
j) Relay communication
• The Relays shall also have a communication port provided on the front of the relay for
configuration and parameter settings as well as downloading of data. A direct port suitable
for remote communication shall also be provided at the back of the Relay. This port shall
conform to IEC 61850. One (1) Laptop computer and associated Software shall be provided.
Three sets of connection cables shall be provided for each type of Relay or measuring
device.
k) Tripping schemes
• Tripping of MV circuit breakers shall be done by means of two-separated trip signals.
• Duplicate high security tripping circuits for MV Circuit Breaker shall comprise two
independent high speed (less than 10 ms) high burden (greater than 150 W) tripping relays
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 22 of 75
 for each circuit, each with its own independent DC supply. The trip circuits for all circuit
breakers need to be equipped with a “lockout” function and it shall be possible for this to be
reset manually and remotely by the operator.
l) The protection for the power system is based on a normal switching state and an occurrence
of a single fault. This means that faults resulting from maintenance as well as the
simultaneous occurrence of two or more faults are not taken into account.
m) The input circuits of the digital protections shall be monitored by means of a plausibility
check. If any incorrect information is found, the protection function shall be blocked by the
protection. All protection relays shall have facilities for monitoring trip circuits. Detection of
an interruption in the case of a switched on circuit breaker shall be signaled.
n) Test facilities
• It shall be possible to test the protective device during operation without causing trips. Links
shall be provided for isolation of individual protection trip circuits and the common
protection trip circuit to each circuit breaker trip coil.
• Separate test facilities shall be provided for each current and voltage transformer secondary
circuit so as to give access for testing of protection relays and associated circuits. The Test
facility to be supplied shall have two selectable positions, a Service and a Test position. In
the service Position, the test switch connects CTs and VTs signals to the Relays and trip
commands to the circuit breaker trip coils. In the Test Position, the test switch applies a
short-circuit to the CT secondary windings and open circuits the VT secondary cores and
allow injection of secondary current and voltage into the relay. At the same time, the Trip
commands to the Circuit Breaker Trip Coils are Isolated. The test Switch supplied shall be to
the Approval of the Owner.
o) The protection of the electrical system shall be designed and installed in such a way that the
failed equipment is disconnected selectively and automatically. All equipment are to remain
operative during transient phenomena, which may arise during switching or other
disturbances to the system.
p) Auxiliary DC Supplies
• The protection concept has to be designed in a way so that back-up protection is
provided at all times. All protection relays shall be configured in a way that failure of
one Auxiliary DC system will not affect the relay. If all DC supplies to the controllers
are lost, the STATCOM Station breaker must be tripped via the protection panel.
q) Electromagnetic Compatibility
• Electronic Relays and other electronic devices and the ancillary circuits connected to them,
such as power supplies, current and voltage transformer secondaries, status or tripping or
alarm circuits shall be designed to ensure that they are compatible for use in the hostile
electrical environment found in an MV or HV substation.
• Adequate steps by means of suitable design, shall be taken to prevent Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI), (generated by sources such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, lightning,
radio or radar emissions, switching contactors in dc circuits etc.) or Electrostatic Discharges
(ESD) from affecting relay performance or causing damage to components.
• All relays offered shall therefore have been type-tested to meet the current requirements of
IEC Standards with respect to High Frequency disturbance, Fast Transients, Electrostatic
Discharge, Radio Frequency Interference testing etc.
r) List of Protection functions for STATCOM Station

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 23 of 75

 Transformer Protection:
i. Biased Differential protection (87T)
ii. REF protection (64T)
iii. Overcurrent protection (50, 51)
iv. Ground Overcurrent (51N)
v. Overflux protection(HV and MV)
vi. Transformer mechanical trips

STATCOM MV Bus Protection:

i. Bus Differential protection (87)
or
Ground over current protection (51N), used with neutral Grounding Transformer
ii. Under / Over Voltage (59 Ph-Ph) protection
iii. Over voltage (Open Delta) protection

STATCOM Branch Protection:

i. Differential protection (87)
ii. Overload protection (49)
iii. Overcurrent protection inside delta (50, 51)
iv. Negative phase sequence protection (46)
v. STATCOM branch overcurrent protection (50, 51, 50N, 51N)

MSR Branch Protection:

i. Differential protection (87)
ii. Ground over current protection (51N
iii. Reactor branch unbalance protection (Negative Phase Sequence)
iv. Thermal Overload protection

MSC Branch Protection:

i. Ground over current protection (51N)
ii. Capacitor Overvoltage (Using current signal) protection.
iii. Capacitor unbalance protection (60C)
iv. Over current protection (50, 51)
• The protection functions listed above are minimum set of function to be provided
by the contractor and any additional protection required to fulfill the requirement of
protection system shall be provided by the contractor.
• Further protection function of individual branch (STATCOM, MSC, MSR) shall
trip the respective branch MV CB.
• All CBs shall be provided with individual Breaker Failure protection relay.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 24 of 75

13 STATCOM CONTROLLER
As a minimum, a dual (hot standby) digital programmable controller shall be supplied for
each STATCOM unit and STATCOM Station to control the STATCOM and MSRs and MSCs
completely including the functions listed as mentioned below:
13.1 The controller shall have diagnostic and self-checking features for both itself, and for valves,
gate firing and drive circuits, interface hardware and software. This is required to reduce
outage times and to facilitate faultfinding.
13.2 The Controller shall be reprogrammable. The Owner shall have at least the following
possibility for changing the following reference and limit values via HMI:
Closed loop Controllers: The STATCOM Station controller shall have means to modify the
reference set points. This refers to the functionality that will allow all the control parameters
to be adjustable within selectable limits and is inclusive of, but not limited to following:
o Voltage controller
o Q controller (reactive power controller).
Sequence Controllers: The sequence control and open-loop controllers shall include the
control of the shunt reactive power devices (shunt capacitors and reactors).
13.3 The Controller shall have at least 10% excess I/O capacity to allow future program upgrades
to satisfy the changing requirements of the power systems or future extensions to the
STATCOM Stations. As a minimum a control of up to 4 future HV shunt devices (reactors or
capacitors) shall be included in the offer.
13.4 All control signals available for remote control must also be available locally so as to ensure
that a local operator can operate the STATCOM Station if the communications link between
STATCOM Station and remote control centers is lost.
13.5 A changeover switch shall control the selection of local or remote control.

14 Fault Recording
14.1 An integrated Transient Fault Recording (TFR) System shall be supplied, installed &
commissioned by the Contractor. This shall include trigger level settings for analog, etc.
subject to review and comment from the Owner. Disturbance and event recording facilities
are required for local monitoring of the STATCOM following a disturbance on the power
system or the STATCOM System. The following inputs are required:
• All analogue signals (output signals)
• All digital signals (control outputs, status indications, commands, alarms and
trip indications).
• Internal STATCOM Station control signals/variables to be selectable.
• The accuracy of the TFR for event inputs shall be at least 100 μs (sampling
rate of minimum 10 kHz).
• The TFR shall have provision for remote access and retrieval of recorded
information on to a PC. For this purpose, a communication link to the
Substation LAN shall be implemented.
• The remote software application for the data retrieval shall be included.
15 Radio Interference
The Contractor shall take necessary precautions in the form of shielding of valve hall and
building or Containers to meet its own requirement together with the following
a) With the STATCOM Station operating at any load upto rated value and within the design
range of firing angle, the radio interference level from electromagnetic or electrostatic
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 25 of 75
 inductions generated by the STATCOM station shall not exceed 100 micro-volts/m, under
fair weather conditions, at any point outside the station fence. The RIL criteria shall be
achieved at all frequencies within the range of 150 KHz to 300 MHz and with the STATCOM
operation at any level upto and including rated value, the design shall provide correcting
measures, should the specified design not being realized in the final installation.
b) Measurements of actual RI at STATCOM Station shall be made by the contractor, at points
along the above defined contour and at other critical point.
c) RIV (RadioIinterference voltage) measured at a phase to ground voltage (266 kV rms) in
accordance to NEMA-107 shall not be more than 500 micro-volts for 400 kV system. For
other system voltages IEC/NEMA in the order of preference shall be applicable.
15.1 Interference with Power Line carrier & open wire carrier system
The Contractor shall take the necessary precaution in the form of noise suppression
techniques and filtering devices to prevent harmful interferences from STATCOM Station to
power line carrier (PLCC) system operating on connected AC transmission network.
The frequency spectra to be protected are:
System Frequency spectrum
Power Line carrier 30 kHz to 500 kHz
Open wire carrier 5 KHz to 30 kHz
The Contractor shall provide information on the noise spectrum at the termination of
STATCOM Station in the frequency from 5 kHz to 500 kHz.

15.2 Audible Noise

Primary equipment noise levels shall be as specified in the relevant equipment specifications.
The Contractor shall limit the audible noise in various areas of the STATCOM Station
buildings and Containers to the following values.
Valve hall(Inside) 90 dBA
Mechanical equipment areas indoor 75 dBA
(measured at 2 metre distance)
Mechanical equipment outdoor 75 dBA
(Measured at 15 m distance)
Control Room Building* 60 dBA
At the limits of STATCOM STATION perimeter fence 80 dBA
*This is the background noise from the ventilation system adjacent rooms, control
cubicles etc. Printers, recorders may be switched off during measurement.

16 Mechanically Switched Reactor (MSR): MSR is a fixed source of inductive reactive power
connected in shunt to the MV bus of STATCOM station and switched by means of Circuit
breaker (with control switching device) based on the command from STATCOM station
control system. The rated capability of MSRs shall be at 400 kV (Referred to as “Point of
Common Coupling” or PCC) and in the steady state frequency range of 48.5 Hz-50.5 Hz.
However, the individual components of MSR shall be able to withstand the onerous
condition imposed by system overvoltage and harmonics. The MSR consists of 3-ph Air
Core Reactor, 3-ph MV Circuit breaker (SF6/Vaccum type), associated current transformer,
3-ph Disconnector and associated safety grounding switch. The MSR area shall be fenced
and castle key interlock with safety grounding switch shall be provided for human safety.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 26 of 75

 Specification for individual components like Air core reactors etc. is provided in the
subsequent clauses of this section of TS.
16.1 Air Core Reactors
a) Reactors shall be air core, dry type, be suitable for outdoor installation. No tappings on
reactor shall be accepted. The insulation level shall be adequate. The contractor shall
demonstrate compliance with the requirement of insulation co-ordination specified.
b) The insulation of the reactor shall be class F and hot spot temperature rise shall not exceed
105 °C above ambient temperature. Winding temperature rise shall not exceed 80 °C above
ambient temperature.
c) The reactor shall be designed to withstand thermal dynamic shocks and mechanical shocks
while in service and during erection.
d) The reactor shall fully conform to the relevant IEC standard.
e) The reactor shall be designed to withstand overloading due to over voltage as specified and
shall also be subjected to excitation by harmonics; the reactor must be able to withstand such
events without deterioration in normal life.
f) All internal (with in a reactor coil) current carrying connections shall be welded/Brazed or
compressed joint.
g) All terminals shall be either tin plated or silver plated.
h) Lifting lugs shall be provided for handling of the reactor.
i) The reactor shall be vertically mounted.
j) The reactors shall be subjected to type and routine tests in accordance with the latest issue of
IEC-60076 as appropriate to the type of reactor provided.
k) Tests on Reactors: The reactors shall be subjected to type and routine tests in accordance with
the latest issue of IEC-60076 as appropriate to the type of reactor provided.

17 Mechanically switched capacitor (MSC): MSC is a switched 3-phase capacitor bank

connected in shunt to the MV bus of STATCOM station and switched automatically by
means of Circuit breaker (with control switching device) based on the command from
STATCOM station control system. The rated capability of MSCs shall be at 400 kV
(Referred to as “Point of Common Coupling” or PCC) and in the steady state frequency
range of 48.5 Hz-50.5 Hz. However Contractor will specify the corresponding values at PCC
(400kV) for possible operating condition measured at PCC. The individual components of
MSC shall be able to withstand the onerous condition imposed by system overvoltages and
harmonics. The MSC consists of 3-ph AC power capacitor bank, current limiting air core
reactor as required, 3-ph MV Circuit breaker (SF6/Vaccum type), associated current
transformer, 3-ph Disconnector and associated safety grounding switch. The MSC area shall
be fenced and castle key interlock with safety grounding switch shall be provided for human
safety. Specification for individual components like Capacitors, Air core reactors etc. is
provided in the subsequent clauses of this section of TS.
17.1 AC POWER CAPACITORS
i) General
a) The capacitor banks shall comprise of capacitor units, discharge devices, protection
equipment, series reactor as required, earthing switches, suitably connected in series and
parallel, mounted at ground level with protected fencing all round. The number, arrangement
and connection of capacitor banks shall be designed to suit the requirement of compensator as
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 27 of 75
 a whole. If convenient, the capacitor banks may be used in conjunction with reactors. In this
event the rating of capacitor shall be adequate to cope up with the harmonic loading. The
frequency variations shall also be considered. To limit the peak in rush current for switching
in the capacitors, current limiting reactors with parallel connected damping resistors if
required shall be connected in series with shunt capacitor banks.
b) The capacitors shall be provided with internal type fuses. Alternatively fuseless capacitor is
also acceptable. The contractor shall provide equipment which can identify all equipment
requiring replacement within 2 (Two) hours of de-energization. In case, the estimated time
required is more than 02 hours, contractor will mention the same specifically in their bid.
c) Fuses shall not melt nor shall deteriorate when subjected to the inrush current during the life
of the bank.
d) With the capacitor charged to a peak voltage, the fuses associated with the healthy elements
shall not melt when carrying the discharge current resulting from a breakdown of an element
or from an external short circuit.
e) Fuses shall be capable of disconnecting a faulty element over a range of voltage across the
unit terminals from 0.9 Un to 2.0 Un. In addition if all the elements in same row of an
internally fused capacitor were to fail as a result of a cascading action, the last fuse element to
melt shall be capable of successful disconnection with a voltage of not less than 1.5 times.
f) After fuse operation the fuse assembly shall be able to withstand continuously at least 1.5
times rated unit voltage Un across the gap for 10 Seconds.
g) Fuses shall be preferably of the current limiting type but fuse system shall in any event be
designed to ensure that energy released into a faulty capacitor unit is less than the valve that
will cause rupture or bursting of the container. Evidence shall be submitted to show that the
probability of case rupture following internal breakdown is small.
h) The capacitor units shall be outdoor type. The container of the capacitor shall be of stainless
steel.
i) Each capacitor unit shall be readily accessible and replaceable without disturbing any other
unit. The supporting frames shall be designed to provide adequate ventilation to the units.
Contractor will supply suitable tool / device for replacement of any failed capacitor unit in a
bank for easy & swift replacement.
j) The dielectric fluid used in capacitor unit shall be environmentally safe & bio-degradable,
non-toxic. Polychlorinated biphenyle (PCB) type dielectric or any of its derivatives shall not
be acceptable.
ii) Construction & Design Requirement
a) The capacitors shall conform to IEC-60871. The capacitors shall be provided with internally
mounted discharge resisters with characteristics in accordance with IEC-60871.
b) The current limiting reactors (as required) shall be dry type and connected in series with the
capacitor bank. Suitable lifting lugs shall be provided.
c) The capacitor enclosure shall have sufficient strength to withstand without damage or loss of
life, mechanical load, both in operation and during erection. The loads shall include
electromagnetic forces including those during faults external or internal to the capacitor bank,
wind loading, forces due to expansion and contraction caused by ambient temperature and
load variation and seismic effects all as specified.
d) The capacitor units shall be interchangeable in order to reduce the spare requirements and
simplify maintenance procedures.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 28 of 75

e) The capacitor stack shall be vibration free. Stack shall have a fixed potential, that is
connected to one electrical points in the bank. The stack shall be of galvanized structural
steel.
f) The capacitor racks shall be supplied complete with all capacitor units, insulators, and
connection and shall be equipped with lifting lugs/eyes to facilitate assembly into the stacks.
The racks shall be constructed of galvanized structural steel. No drilling of galvanized steel
shall be allowed. Each rack shall be labeled with the weight of the fully equipped racks, the
phase and bank of which it forms a part. The maximum and minimum capacitor unit
capacitance which may be substituted into the racks as spares shall be suitably identified.
Suitable warning labels shall be affixed.
g) The capacitor shall be specially designed to be suitable for intermittent duty to which they are
suitable to and Bidder must indicate evidence of the suitability of these capacitors.
h) The capacitors should comply with the overload capacity as per NEMA.
i) The capacitor elements shall be vacuum dried inside the case prior to impregnation with
dielectric fluid. After impregnation, the capacitor unit shall be sealed immediately upon
removal of the impregnated reservoir.
j) The discharge register shall discharge the unit from peak operating voltage to less than 75
Volts within 10 minutes.
k) The capacitor case shall be made from type 409 stainless steel or equivalent stainless steel
with all joints welded and tested for leaks.
l) All racks and bus insulators as well as the insulators used to insulate each stack of capacitor
from ground level shall be pincap or post type. The minimum voltage rating shall be 15KV
and low frequency wet withstand voltage of all insulator used to insulate within or between
the capacitor rack of a stack shall not be less than three times the actual voltage stress across
the insulators. The insulator shall be outdoor type manufactured from wet porcelain. The
insulators shall be bolted to the top members of the frame to support electric grade aluminium
buses.
m) The size and groupings of the individual capacitor units shall be such that a single blown fuse
will not cause the voltage across parallel group to rise by more than 10%.
n) The redundancy to be provided, shall be as per requirement specified regarding reliability and
availability in clause 30.11.
iii) Capacitor Unit Failure Detection
The stages of capacitor units or element failure detection shall be provided as below.
- A three step unbalanced current protection shall be provided in each capacitor bank to
initially generate an alarm when the unbalance limit is reached and finally to trip the bank in
case of limit being exceeded.
- The first stage shall generate an alarm and the capacitor unit shall continue in service. It may
be assumed that the bank shall be disconnected for maintenance within 2 weeks.
- The second stage shall generate a separate alarm and a delayed trip signal which will
disconnect the bank after two hours.
- The third stage shall cause immediate disconnection of Capacitor Bank.
iv) Tests on Capacitors
All the tests on capacitor units shall be generally in accordance with the latest issue of IEC
publication 60871.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 29 of 75

18 Coupling Transformer
The Contractor shall provide 04 nos. single phase coupling transformer to operate as 3-
ph bank with one unit as spare for stepping down the voltage from 400kV system to a
suitable medium voltage value as required. The Medium Voltage side of the coupling
transformer to couple with the STATCOM shall not be less than 20KV to ensure
optimum power transformation.

The transformer should be designed & rated to carry 100% capacitive and inductive
reactive loading as specified including that of mechanically switched capacitor and
Reactors), as well as harmonic currents associated with the most onerous operating
conditions of STATCOM, without loss of life.

The coupling transformer shall be designed in accordance with the most upto date
experience in STATCOM application and shall incorporate the latest improvements of
design currently employed in the industry. The Comprehensive design review of
STATCOM transformer shall be carried out either by Owner or Owner’s Consultant
18.1 General Requirements
The coupling transformer shall be designed electrically and mechanically for operating
conditions peculiar to STATCOM operation, which shall include, but not be limited to
the following.
a) Electrical insulation problems resulting from the transformer being subjected to voltages of
distorted sinusoidal wave shape because of saturation, harmonics, trapped d.c. in capacitors
etc.
b) The cumulative effect of electro-dynamic forces produced during valve commutation or other
short circuit conditions imposed by valve design limitation and valve group operation.
c) Harmonic currents due to STATCOM operation, with particular reference to additional stray
losses resulting from these harmonic currents.
d) Stresses due to normal control operation and other onerous operations such as blocking and
de-blocking.
e) Stress due to fast response requirement of STATCOM for loading from 100% inductive to
100% capacitive and vice-versa.
f) Overvoltage stresses for which STATCOM shall be designed as per specification would apply
for transformer also.
g) All other stresses for which STATCOM shall be designed as per specification would apply for
transformer also.
h) The transformer and all its accessories like CTs etc. shall be designed to withstand, the
thermal and mechanical effects of any external short circuit to earth and of short circuit across
the terminals of any winding for a period of 3 seconds. The short circuit level of 400kV
system to which the transformer shall be connected as per the maximum short circuit level
mentioned in the section project. Short circuit level for HV bushing shall be 63kA for 1 Sec.
i) The transformer shall be capable of being loaded in accordance with IEC60076 or the
overload conditions as specified which is worst. There shall be no limitation imposed by
bushings during its terminal fault.
j) The transformer shall be capable of withstanding the mechanical, stresses caused by
symmetrical or asymmetrical faults on any winding.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 30 of 75
k) The transformer should be designed to carry a certain level of direct current consistent with
the STATCOM design. To ensure minimum harmonic generation, the saturation flux density
of the transformer should be higher than the maximum flux density reached over the full
steady state range, and the bidder should state the margin by which it is exceeded. This
margin shall be at least 10%. This maximum flux density (over the full steady state range) is
obtained at the highest secondary voltage during any reactive power generation, highest
reference voltage, minimum slope, and minimum continuous frequency. The Contractor shall
submit B-H curve to substantiate this requirement. The flux density at the highest secondary
voltage shall lie in the linear portion of the B-H curve. Any harmonic generated by the
transformer should be considered by the design of the STATCOM.
l) Transformers shall be capable of operating under natural cooled condition up to the specified
load. The forced cooling equipment shall come into operation by pre-set contacts of winding
temperature indicator and the transformer shall operate as a forced cooling unit initially as
ONAF up to specified load and then as OFAF. Cooling shall be so designed that during total
failure of power supply to cooling fans and oil pumps, the transformer shall be able to operate
at full load for at least ten (10) minutes without the calculated winding hot spot temperature
exceeding 140 deg C. Transformers fitted with two coolers, each capable of dissipating 50 per
cent of the loss at continuous maximum rating, shall be capable of operating for 20 minutes in
the event of failure of the oil circulating pump or blowers associated with one cooler without
the calculated winding hot spot temperature exceeding 140deg C at continuous max rating.
The contractor shall submit supporting calculations for the above and the same shall be
reviewed during design review.
m) The transformer shall be free from any electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) under all
operating conditions when all oil circulation systems are in operation. In general, oil flow
speed shall not exceed 1.0 m/sec within winding in the oil flow system of the transformers.
The manufacturer shall ensure that there is no electrostatic charging tendency in the design.

18.2 Design Review

The transformers shall be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with the best
international engineering practices under strict quality control to meet the requirement
stipulated in the technical specification. Adequate safety margin with respect to thermal,
mechanical, dielectric and electrical stress etc. shall be maintained during design, selection of
raw material, manufacturing process etc so that the transformer provide long life with least
maintenance.
The design review shall be conducted generally following the “Guidelines for conducting
design reviews for transformers 100 MVA and 123kV and above” prepared by Cigre SC 12
Working Group 12.22.
The manufacturer shall provide all necessary information and calculations during design
review to demonstrate that the transformer meets the requirements for short circuit strength
and durability. The latest recommendations of IEC and Cigre SC 12 shall be applied for short
circuit withstand evaluation.
The manufacturer will be required to demonstrate the use of adequate safety margin for
thermal, mechanical, dielectric and vibration etc. design to take into the account the
uncertainties of his design and manufacturing processes.
The scope of such a design review shall at least include the following:

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 31 of 75

 1. Core and magnetic design
2. Winding and tapping design
3. Short-circuit withstand capability
4. Thermal design including review of localised potentially hot area.
5. Cooling design
6. Overload capability
7. Eddy current losses
8. Seismic design, as applicable
9. Insulation co-ordination
10. Tank and accessories
10.1 Bushings
10.2 Tap changers
10.3 Protective devices
10.4 Fans, pumps and radiators
10.5 Sensors and protective devices– its location, fitment,
securing and level of redundancy
10.6 Oil and oil preservation system
10.7 DG set for feeding essentials loads
11. Corrosion protection
12. Electrical and physical Interfaces with substation
13. Earthing
14. Processing and assembly
15. Testing capabilities
16. Inspection and test plan
17. Transport and storage
18. Sensitivity of design to specified parameters
19. Acoustic Noise
20. Spares, interchangeability and standardization
21. Maintainability
22 Oil containment
18.3 Construction Details
i) Tank and Tank accessories
a) Tank shall be of welded/bolted construction and fabricated from tested quality low carbon
steel of adequate thickness
b) All seams and those joints not required to be opened at site shall be factory welded. After
completion of tank but before painting, dye penetration test shall be carried out on welded
parts of jacking bases, lifting lugs and all load bearing members. The welding shall be as per
manufacturer’s quality plan subject to approval of the Employer.
c) Tank stiffeners shall be provided for general rigidity and these shall be designed to prevent
retention of water
d) The contractor shall carefully study the transport limitation in India and shall supply
transformer which do not pose any transport bottleneck.
e) The tank shall be designed to withstand
i. Mechanical shocks during transportation
ii. Vacuum filling of oil
iii. Continuous internal pressure of 0.35 kg/cm2 over normal hydrostatic pressure of oil
iv. Short circuit force
v. Stresses developed because of extreme operating,normal & abnormal conditions
specified.
f) Adequate space shall be provided at the bottom of tank for collection of sediments
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 32 of 75
g) Shields shall be supplied to limit the magnetic field outside the tank to a safe value. Clamp
shields, where supplied, shall be electrically connected separately to ground external to the
tank cover.
h) All bolted connections shall be fitted with weather proof, hot oil resistant, resilient gasket in
between for complete oil tightness. If gasket is compressible, metallic stops/other suitable
means shall be provided to prevent over-compression.
i) Suitable guides shall be provided in the tank for positioning the core and coil assembly. The
guides shall be of sufficient strength to resist shocks and steady loads resulting from
manufacturing, transportation and site erection operations.
j) Tank cover shall be sloped to prevent retention of rain water and shall not distort when lifted.
k) At least two adequately sized inspection openings, one of each end of the tank shall be
provided for easy access to bushings and ground connections. Handles shall be provided on
the inspection cover to facilitate lifting.
l) The tank covers shall be fitted with pockets at the position of maximum oil temperature at
maximum continuous rating for bulbs of oil and winding temperature indicators. It shall be
possible to remove these bulbs without lowering the oil in the tank.
m) Bushing turrets, covers of inspection openings, thermometer pockets etc. shall be designed
to prevent ingress of water into or leakage of oil from the tank.
n) The transformers shall be provided with flanged bidirectional wheels and axles. These shall
be so designed that under the direction of movement they shall not deflect sufficiently to
interfere with the movement of the transformer. Wheels shall be provided with suitable
bearings which shall be rust, corrosion and resistant proof. Fittings for lubrications shall also
be provided.
o) Suitable locking arrangement along with foundation bolts shall be provided for wheels to
prevent accidental movement of transformer. To prevent movement of transformer during
earthquake clamping device shall be provided for fixing the transformer to the foundation.

ii) Conservator Tank

a) Conservator tank shall have adequate capacity between highest and lowest visible levels to
meet the requirement of expansion of total cold oil volume in the transformer and cooling
equipment from minimum ambient temperature to 90 °C.
b) Conservator tank shall be bolted in to the position
c) The conservator shall be fitted with magnetic oil level gauge with low level electrical
insulation alarm contact for alarm
d) Conservator shall be provided in such a position so as not to obstruct the electrical
connections to the transformers.

iii) Pressure Relief Device

Adequate number of pressure relief device shall be provided at suitable locations for rapid
release of pressure that may be generated in the tank and which may result in damage to the
equipment. The tripping of transformer feeders shall be effected with the operation of
pressure relief device along-with alarm.
iv) Buchholz Relay & Sudden Pressure Relay
Buchholz relays and sudden pressure relays shall be provided with necessary tripping and
alarms.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 33 of 75
v) Temperature Indicators
Oil temperature and winding temperature indicators shall be provided. The indicators shall
also be provided with necessary interface equipment for transmitting data to owner’s data
acquisition system, whose details shall be furnished to the successful bidder.
vi) Bushings
a) Bushings shall be robust and designed for adequate cantilever strength to meet the
requirement of seismic condition, substation layout and movement of transformer with
bushing erected and provided with proper support from one foundation to another foundation
within the substation area. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of bushings shall be
in accordance with IEC: 60137/DIN 42530. All details of the bushing shall be submitted for
approval.

b) HV and MV Bushing shall be RIP bushing with Polymer / composite insulator. Neutral
bushing shall be solid porcelain or oil communicating type.

c) Where current transformers are specified, the bushings shall be removable without disturbing
the current transformers.

d) Bushings of identical rating shall be interchangeable to optimise the requirement of spares.

e) Porcelain used in bushing manufacture shall be homogenous, free from lamination, cavities
and other flaws or imperfections that might affect the mechanical or dielectric quality and
shall be thoroughly vitrified, tough and impervious to moisture.

f) Polymer / composite insulator shall be seamless sheath of a silicone rubber compound. The
housing & weather sheds should have silicon content of minimum 30% by weight. It should
protect the bushing against environmental influences, external pollution and humidity. The
interface between the housing and the core must be uniform and without voids. The strength
of the bond shall be greater than the tearing strength of the polymer. The manufacturer shall
follow non-destructive technique (N.D.T.) to check the quality of jointing of the housing
interface with the core. The technique being followed with detailed procedure and sampling
shall be decided during finalization of MQP.

g) The weather sheds of the insulators shall be of alternate shed profile as per IEC 60815-3. The
weather sheds shall be vulcanized to the sheath (extrusion process) or moulded as part of the
sheath (injection moulding process) and free from imperfections. The vulcanization for
extrusion process shall be at high temperature and for injection moulding shall be at high
temperature & high pressure. Any seams / burrs protruding axially along the insulator,
resulting from the injection moulding process shall be removed completely without causing
any damage to the housing. The track resistance of housing and shed material shall be class
1A4.5 according to IEC60587. The strength of the weather shed to sheath interface shall be
greater than the tearing strength of the polymer. The composite insulator shall be capable of
high pressure washing.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 34 of 75

h) End fittings shall be free from cracks, seams, shrinks, air holes and rough edges. End fittings
should be effectively, sealed to prevent moisture ingress, effectiveness of sealing system must
be supported by test documents. All surfaces of the metal parts shall be perfectly smooth
with the projecting points or irregularities which may cause corona. All load bearing surfaces
shall be smooth and uniform so as to distribute the loading stresses uniformly.

i) The hollow silicone composite insulators shall comply with the requirements of the IEC
publications IEC 61462 and the relevant parts of IEC 62217. The design of the composite
insulators shall be tested and verified according to IEC 61462 (Type & Routine test).

j) Clamps and fittings shall be of hot dip galvanised/stainless steel.

k) Bushing turrets shall be provided with vent pipes, to route any gas collection through the
Buchholz relay.

l) No arcing horns shall be provided on the bushings.

m) Spare Bushing shall be specially packed suitable for long storage with non-returnable
packing, the details of which shall be provided to the purchaser

n) The terminal marking and their physical position shall be as per IEC: 60076.
18.4 Inhibited Insulating Oil
The insulating oil shall be virgin high grade inhibited, conforming to IEC-60296 & all
parameters specified at Annexure – A, while tested at oil supplier's premises. The contractor
shall furnish test certificates from the supplier against the acceptance norms as mentioned at
Annexure – A, prior to despatch of oil from refinery to site. Under no circumstances, poor
quality oil shall be filled into the transformer and thereafter be brought up to the specified
parameter by circulation within the transformer. The Unused inhibited Insulating Oil
parameters including parameters of oil used at manufacturer’s works, processed oil, oil after
filtration and settling are attached at Annexure – A. The oil test results shall form part of
equipment test report.
Sufficient quantity of oil necessary for maintaining required oil level in case of leakage in
tank, radiators, conservator etc. till the completion of warranty period shall be supplied.
Inhibited oil used for first filling, testing and impregnation of active parts at manufacturer's
works shall be of same type of oil (in line with IEC 60076-3) which shall be supplied at site
and shall meet parameters as per specification.
18.4.1 Particles in the oil
The particle analysis shall be carried out in an oil sample taken after completion of the oil
filtration at site. The procedure and interpretation shall be in accordance with the
recommendation of CIGRE report WG-12.17 - “Effect of particles on transformer dielectric
strength”.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 35 of 75

18.4.2 Moisture content in the solid insulation
Dummy insulation test block shall be inserted in the active part of Transformer at factory and
same shall be used to detect the volume moisture content. Before application of vacuum and
oil filling in the Transformer, it will be ensured that moisture content in the dummy insulation
test block is less than 0.5%.Measurement shall be carried out as per IEC.
18.4.3 Oil filling
a) Procedures for site drying, oil purification, oil filling etc. shall be done as per EMPLOYER
Field Quality Plan (FQP).

b) The duration of the vacuum treatment shall be demonstrated as adequate by means of water /
dew point measurement with a cold trap or other suitable method. The vacuum shall be
measured on the top of the transformer tank and should be less than 1mbar.

c) Oil filling under vacuum at site shall be done with transformer oil at a temperature not
exceeding 65°C. Vacuum shall not be broken until the Transformer is oil filled up to the
Buchholz relay.

d) The minimum safe level of oil filling (if different from the Buchholz level) to which the
Transformer shall be oil filled under vacuum, shall be indicated in the manual.

e) The Ultra High Vacuum type oil treatment plant of suitable capacity (minimum 6000 litres
per hour) suitable for treatment of oil in EHV class Transformer shall be used in order to
achieve properties of treated oil. The plant shall be capable of treatment of new oil (as per
IEC 60296 and reconditioning of used oil (as per IS: 1866/IEC: 60422 for oil in service) at
rated capacity on single pass basis as follow:
f) Removal of moisture from 100 ppm to 3 ppm (max.)
g) Removal of dissolved gas content from 10% by Vol. to 0.1% by vol.
h) Improvement of dielectric strength break down voltage from 20 to 70 KV
i) Vacuum level of degassing chamber not more than 0.15 torr/0.2 mbar at rated flow and at
final stage. Machine shall have minimum of two degassing chambers and these should have
sufficient surface areas to achieve the final parameters.
j) Filter shall be capable of removing particle size more than 0.5 micron in the filtered oil.
k) Processing temperature shall be automatically controlled and have an adjustable range from
40°C to 80°C.
18.4.4 Transportation of Oil
The insulating oil for the transformer shall be delivered at site generally not before 90 days
from the date of commissioning, with prior information to the Employer.
Insulating oil shall be delivered to the site in returnable oil drums / flexi bag / tanker. The oil
drums / flexi bag / tanker shall be taken back without any extra cost to Employer within
generally 45 days after utilisation of oil but in any case before contract closing. However, the
spare oil shall be delivered in non-returnable drums.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 36 of 75

18.4.5 Preparation of spare unit
Unit in service: In case, purchaser intends to replace any of the Transformer units by spare
unit through isolator switching arrangement i.e. without physically shifting of the
Transformers, the spare Transformer shall be completely erected, oil filled and commissioned
similar to the other Transformers.

i) A sufficient quantity of oil necessary for first filling of each tank, coolers and radiator at
the proper level, including spare units, along with 20% (of one complete transformer) extra
oil shall be supplied to site for Employer's later use. The 20% spare oil shall be supplied in
non-returnable containers suitable for outdoor storage.

18.4.6 Cooling Equipment and its Control

a) Cooling Equipment for Radiator Bank

i. The cooler shall be designed using radiator banks or tank mounted radiators. Design of
cooling system shall satisfy the performance requirements.

ii. In case of separately mounted radiator bank arrangement, the main tank shall have provision
such that cooler banks can be placed on either side of the main tank without the need of any
extra member/pipe maintaining the electrical clearances.

iii. The radiator shall be of sheet steel in accordance with IS 513 and minimum thickness 1 mm.
Each radiator bank shall be provided with the following accessories:
(a) Cooling Fans, Oil Pumps, Oil Flow Indicator (as applicable)
(b) Top and bottom shut off valve
(c) Drain Valve and sampling valve
(d) Top and bottom oil filling valves
(e) Air release plug
(f) Two grounding terminals for termination of two (2) Nos. 75x12 mm galvanised
steel flats.
(g) Thermometer pockets with captive screw caps at cooler inlet and outlet.
(h) Lifting lugs

iv. Each radiator bank shall be detachable and shall be provided with flanged inlet and outlet
branches. Expansion joint shall be provided on top and bottom cooler pipe connection.

v. Required number of standby fans of approximately 20% capacity shall also be provided with
each radiator bank.

vi. Cooling fans shall not be directly mounted on radiator bank which may cause undue
vibration. These shall be located so as to prevent ingress of rain water. Each fan shall be

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 37 of 75

 suitably protected by galvanised wire guard. The exhaust air flow from cooling fan shall not
be directed towards the main tank in any case.

vii. Two (2), 100% centrifugal or axial in line oil pumps, if applicable, (out of which one pump
shall be standby) shall be provided with each radiator bank. Measures shall be taken to
prevent mal-operation of Buchholz relay when all oil pumps are simultaneously put into
service. The pump shall be so designed that upon failure of power supply to the pump motor,
the pump impeller will not limit the natural circulation of oil.

viii. An oil flow indicator shall be provided for the confirmation of the oil pump operating in a
normal state. An indication in the flow indicator and potential free contacts for remote alarm
shall be provided.

ix. Valves shall be provided across the pump and oil flow indicator to avoid oil drain and long
outage during maintenance / replacement of pump and oil flow indicator.

x. Cooling fans and oil pump motors shall be suitable for operation from 415 volts, three phase
50 Hz power supply and shall conform to IS: 325. Each cooling fan and oil pump motors shall
be provided with starter thermal overload and short circuit protection. The motor winding
insulation shall be conventional class 'B' type. Motors shall have hose proof enclosure
equivalent to IP: 55 as per IS: 4691.

xi. The cooler pipes, support structure including radiators and its accessories shall be hot dip
galvanised or corrosion resistant paint should be applied to external surface of it.

xii. Butterfly valves shall be provided on either side of oil flow indicator and pumps for
maintenance and replacement of pump and oil flow indicator without removing the oils.

xiii. Air release device and oil plug shall be provided on oil pipe connections. Drain valves shall
be provided in order that each section of pipe work can be drained independently.

b) Cooling Equipment Control for Radiator banks

i. Automatic operation control of fans/pumps shall be provided (with temperature change) from
contacts of winding temperature indicator. The Contractor shall recommend the setting of
WTI for automatic changeover of cooler control over entire cooling option. The setting shall
be such that hunting i.e. frequent start-up operations for small temperature differential do not
occur.

ii. Suitable manual control facility for cooler fans and oil pumps shall be provided.

iii. The changeover to standby oil pump in case of failure of service oil pump shall be automatic.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 38 of 75

iv. In addition to the traditional starting of fan and pump by oil temperature, the starting of
forced cooling shall be done if the load exceeds a current setting of 0.6 p.u. for 5 seconds.
Furthermore, a one-week timer is required to check the healthiness of the cooling system on a
routine basis for one hour at a time.

v. Selector switches and push buttons shall also be provided in the cooler control cabinet to
disconnect the automatic control and start/stop the fans and pump manually.

vi. Following lamp indications shall be provided in cooler control cabinet:

a) Cooler Supply failure (main).

b) Cooler supply changeover.
c) Cooler Supply failure (standby).
d) Control Supply failure.
e) Cooling fan failure for each bank.
f) Cooling pump failure for each pump.
g) Common thermal overload trip

vii. One potential free initiating contact for all the above conditions shall be wired independently
to the terminal blocks of cooler control cabinet and for single ph. unit connection shall be
extended further to CMB.

viii. The cooler control cabinet / Individual Marshalling box shall have all necessary devices
meant for cooler control and local temperature indicators. All the contacts of various
protective devices mounted on the transformer and all the secondary terminals of the bushing
CTs shall also be wired upto the terminal board in the cooler control cabinet/Individual
Marshalling box. All the CT secondary terminals in the cooler control cabinet shall have
provision for shorting to avoid CT open circuit while it is not in use.

ix. All the necessary terminations for remote connection to Purchaser's panel shall be wired upto
the Common Marshalling box.

x. Control and power supplies are to be given after suitable selection at Common Marshalling
Box. Necessary isolating switches and protective devices shall be provided at suitable points
as per Purchaser's approved scheme.

xi. The Contractor shall derive AC power for Cooler Control Circuitry from the AC feeder as
mentioned above. In case auxiliary power supply requirement for Cooler Control Mechanism
is different than station auxiliary AC supply, then all necessary converters shall be provided
by the Contractor. Details of station auxiliary power supply are mentioned in GTR.

18.5 Oil Preservation Equipment

a) The air cell type oil sealing in conservator shall be provided to prevent oxidation and
contamination of oil due to contact with water (direct atmosphere). Drycol type breather shall
not be accepted.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 39 of 75
 b) Contact of the oil with atmosphere shall be avoided by using a flexible urethane or nitrile
rubber reinforced with nylon cloth air cell. The connection of air cell to the top of the
reservoir shall be by air proof seal preventing entrance of air into the conservator.

18.6 On-line insulating oil drying system (Cartridge type)

In addition to provision of air cell in conservators for sealing of the oil system against the
atmosphere, each shunt reactor shall be provided with an on line insulating oil drying system
of adequate rating with proven field performance. This system shall be tank/cooler bank
mounted and no separate foundation shall be provided. This on line insulating oil drying
system shall be
i. Designed for very slow removal of moisture that may enter the oil system or generated during
cellulose decomposition. Oil flow to the equipment shall be controlled through pump of
suitable capacity.
ii. The equipment shall display the moisture content in oil (PPM) of the inlet and outlet oil from
the drying system.
iii. Minimum capacity of moisture extraction shall be 10 Litres before replacement of cartridge.
Calculation to prove the adequacy of sizing of the on line insulating oil drying system along
with make and model shall be submitted for approval of purchaser during detail engineering.
iv. The equipment shall be supplied with Operation Manual (2 set for every unit), Software (if
any), and Compact disc giving operation procedures of Maintenance Manual & Trouble
shooting instructions.

18.7 Online Dissolved Gas (Multi-gas) and Moisture Analyser

a) Online Dissolved Gas (Multi-gas) and Moisture Analyser along with all required accessories
shall be provided with each transformer for measurement & analysis of dissolved gases and
moisture in the oil. Interpretations shall be as per IEC 60599-1999.

b) The equipment shall detect, measure and analyse the following gases:

Gases & Moisture Typical Detection Range

Parameters
H2 5 – 5,000 ppm
CH4 5 – 5,000 ppm
C2H6 5 – 5,000 ppm
C2H4 3 – 5,000 ppm
C2H2 1 – 3,000 ppm
CO 10 – 10,000 ppm
CO2 20 – 30,000 ppm
O2 (Optional) 500 – 25,000 ppm
H2 O 2 – 100 % RS should have facility for
measurement of moisture in oil in ppm

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 40 of 75

c) The analyser should measure (not calculate) all above gases and should have 100%
sensitivity. The equipment shall be capable of transferring data to sub-station automation
system confirming to IEC 61850. Necessary interface arrangement shall be provided by the
contractor for integration with automation system. The necessary type test report for such
confirmation shall be submitted during detailed engineering.

d) Equipment shall havefacility to give SMS alert to at least three users whenever any fault gas
violates the predefined limit.

e) Equipment should work on station auxiliary supply. In case other supply is required for the
equipment then suitable converter shall be included. All the necessary power and control
cables, communication cables, cable accessories as required shall be provided by the supplier.

f) Online DGA shall be installed out door on transformer in harsh ambient and noisy condition
(Electromagnetic induction, Corona, and capacitive coupling). Equipment shall be mounted
separately to avoid effect of vibration. Suitable arrangement shall be provided support and
protect the inlet and outlet piping arrangement.The equipment shall be suitable for proper
operation in EHV substation (800kV) environment where switching takes place in the
EHV/HV System. The suitable indications for power On, Alarm, Caution, normal operation
etc. shall be provided on the front panel of the equipment. The equipment shall have IP55
Stainless Steelenclosure, suitable for 55 0C ambient temperature and EMI and EMC
compatibility.The Equipment must carry a minimum of two (2) years manufacturer’s
Warranty.

g) The equipment shall connect to the transformer's main body in two locations. One Connection
is for the supply of oil from the transformer. Second connection is for the return of the oil to
the transformer.The connecting oil lines must be of Stainless Steel rigid pipes or flexible
hoses.

h) The equipment shall be able to measure gas concentration and when downloaded should
immediately compare it with user selected alarm & caution level for immediate display. The
sampling rate shall be selectable as 2 or 4 or 6 or 12 hours etc. The equipment shall have
inbuilt memory to store these results for complete one year even if sampling is done at the
lowest interval.

i) The Equipment must have an automatic Calibration facility at fixed intervals. For calibration
if anything required including cylinder must be mounted with the Equipment.
j) The technical feature of the equipment shall be as under:

Accuracy + 10%
Repeatability +3% to 10% depending upon gases
Oil temperature range - 200 C to + 1200 C
External Temp. Range - 200 C to + 550 C
(External temp range of 550 C is important and should
not be compromise due to Indian ambient &

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 41 of 75

 operating conditions.)
Humidity range 10 to 95 %
Operating Voltage 230 Vac; 50 Hz (±20% variation)
Communications USB&IEC 61850 compliant

k) Software for fault indication and fault diagnostics shall include following:
Fault indication:

i) IEEE, IEC or user configurable levels of dissolved gases

ii) Rate of change trending

Fault Diagnosis:

i) Key gases
ii) Ratios (Rogers, IEC. etc.)
iii) Duval’s Triangle

l) The equipment shall be supplied with all necessary accessories required for carrying out DGA
of oil sample complete in all respect as per the technical specification. The following shall be
also form a part of supply.

i) Software
ii) Operation Manual (2 set for every unit),
iii) Software Manual and
iv) Compact disc giving operation procedures of Maintenance Manual & Trouble
shooting instructions.

18.8 Flow Sensitive Conservator Isolation Valve for Transformers

In order to restrict the supply of oil in case of a fire in transformer, Flow sensitive conservator
isolation valve to be provided to isolate the conservator oil from the main tank.
a) A valve which shall be flow sensitive and shut off when the flow in the pipe is more than the
flow expected in the permissible normal operating conditions. This valve shall be located in
the piping between the conservator and the buchholz relay and shall not affect the flow of oil
from and to the conservator in normal conditions.
b) When the flow from conservator to main tank is more than the normal operating conditions,
the valve shall shut off by itself and will have to be reset manually. It shall be provided with
valve open/close position indicator along with alarm indication in control room during closing
operation of valve.
This valve shall be provided with locking arrangement for normal position and oil filling /
filtration position.
c) The necessary switches shall be provided in cooler control cabinet / common marshalling box
for manual open / close operation of the valve.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 42 of 75

18.9 Optical sensors:

Each Transformer unit shall be fitted with at least 16 numbers optical temperature sensors.
The optical sensors based temperature measuring system shall be of direct measurement non
calibrating type. All the sensors shall be brought out to separate optical sensor box mounted
on transformer tank to facilitate measurement of temperature during service life on each unit.

In order to facilitate measurement of temperature from the optical sensors, temperature

measuring unit/system having at least 16 channels shall be mounted in above optical sensor
box (stainless steel, IP 55 Protection) for each transformer unit. The measuring unit shall be
capable to retain temperature data for at least 30 days with facility to download these data.

Temperature measuring unit/system housed in above box shall be suitable for satisfactory
operation with ambient conditions and IEC 61850 compliant to interface with Employer’s
SCADA system.

Location of optical temperature sensors inside the transformer shall be decided during design
review. Manufacturers are advised to provide few more optical temperature sensors (probes)
to take care of any damage during handling.

18.10 Transformer Characteristics

i. Ratings To meet the performance
requirement &
ratings of SVC. The transformer
shall be suitable for 100%
reactive loading
ii. Cooling ONAN/ONAF/(OFAF or ODAF) :
60% / 80%/100%
OR
ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2: 60% /
80%/100%
iii. Voltage ratio As required
iv. Frequency 50 Hz
v. Impedance at 75 deg. C To be indicated by the bidder with
IS tolerances
vi. Service Outdoor
vii. Duty continuous 100% reactive
viii. Overload capacity As required in the specifications
ix. Temperature rise at 50 deg. C In oil 40 deg. C
ambient Temp In winding by resistance method=
45 deg.C .
x. Fault level at 400kV 50 kA
xi. Insulation levels on 400kV side
a. Winding
- 1.2/50 microsec. Impulse 1300 kvp
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 43 of 75
 withstand Voltage kvp
- 250/2500 micro Second 1050 kvp
switching Withstand
voltage kvp 1425kvp
b. Bushings
- 1.2/50 microsec. Impulse 1050kvp
withstand Voltage kvp
- 250/2500 micro Second
switching Withstand
voltage kvp
xii. P.D. level ( at 1.5p.u. Voltage) 100 p.c (max.)
xiii. RIV 500 microvolts at 1.1 times rated
phase to ground test voltage

xiv. Noise level 85 dB

18.11 Factory Tests

a) The Contractor shall carry out all specified type tests and routine tests on the transformers.
Type tests shall be carried out on the first transformer of each type & rating and routine tests
on all transformers. Tests shall also be carried out on transformers, their tap changers,
bushings and other components in accordance with IEC 60076, 60214 & 60270 and as
detailed below.

No. Test
1. Measurement of winding resistance Routine
2. Voltage ratio measurement Routine
3. Polarity test Routine
4. No-load loss and current measurement Routine
5. Magnetic balance test (for three phase Transformer only) Routine
6. Impedance and load loss measurement Routine
7. Measurement of insulation resistance & Polarization Index Routine
8. Measurement of insulation power factor and capacitance Routine
between winding and earth and Bushings
9. Chopped wave lightning impulse test for the line terminals Routine
(LIC)
Full wave lightning impulse test for the line terminals (LI) -
10. Measurement of transferred surge on LV (Tertiary) as Routine
applicable due to HV lightning impulse and IV lighting
impulse (as applicable)
11. Switching impulse test for the line terminal (SI) Routine
12. Line terminal AC withstand voltage test (LTAC) Type
13. Induced voltage withstand test (IVW) -
14. Applied voltage test (AV) Routine
15. Induced voltage test with PD measurement (IVPD) Routine
16. On-load tap changer test(Ten complete cycle before LV Routine
test)
17. Gas-in-oil analysis Routine
18. Core assembly dielectric and earthing continuity test Routine
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 44 of 75
 19. Oil leakage test on transformer tank Routine
20 Appearance, construction and dimension check Routine
21. Short duration heat run test ( Not Applicable for unit on Routine
which temperature rise test is performed )
22. Measurement of no load current & Short circuit Impedance Routine
with 415 V, 50 Hz AC.
23. Frequency Response analysis (Soft copy of test report to be Routine
submitted to site along with test reports )

24. High voltage with stand test on auxiliary equipment and Routine
wiring after assembly
25. Tank vacuum test Routine
26 Tank pressure test Routine
27. Lightning impulse test for the neutral terminals (LIN) Type
28. Temperature rise test Type
29. Measurement of Zero seq. reactance Type
(for three phase Transformer only)
30. Measurement of harmonic level in no load current Type
31. Measurement of acoustic noise level Type
32. Measurement of power taken by fans and oil pumps Type
(Not applicable for ONAN)

b) Type Tests on fittings:

All the following fittings shall conform to type tests and the type test reports shall be
furnished by the contractor along with the drawings of equipment/ fittings.

1) Bushing (Type Test as per IEC:60137 including Snap back/Seismic test for
400 kV and above voltage class bushing)
2) Buchholz relay (Type Test as per IS: 3637 and IP-55 Test on terminal box )
3) Cooler Control cabinet, Individual Marshalling (IP-55 test)
4) Pressure Relief device Test
The pressure Relief Device of each size shall be subjected to increase in oil
pressure. It shall operate before reaching the test pressure specified in
transformer tank pressure test above. The operating pressure shall be
recorded. The device shall seal off after excess pressure has been released.

The terminal box / boxes of PRD should conform to degree of protection of

IS 13947/Equivalent IEC standard.

5) Magnetic Oil Level gauge & Terminal Box for IP-55 degree of protection.
6) Air Cell (Flexible air separator) - Oil side coating, Air side under Coating,
Air side outer coating and coated fabric as per IS: 3400/ BS: 903/ IS: 7016
7) OTI & WTI
8) Oil pump
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 45 of 75
 9) Cooling fan and motor assembly
c) Tank Tests
i. Oil Leakage Test
All tanks and oil filled compartments shall be tested for oil tightness by being completely
filled with air or oil of a viscosity not greater than that of insulating oil at the ambient
temperature and applying a pressure equal to the normal pressure plus 35 kN/m2 measured
at the base of the tank. The pressure shall be maintained for a period of not less than 24
hours for oil and one hour for air during which time no leak shall occur.
ii. Vacuum Test
One transformer tank of each size shall be subjected to the specified vacuum. The tank
designed for full vacuum shall be tested at an internal pressure of 3.33 kN/m2 absolute (25
torr) for one hour. The permanent deflection of flat plate after the vacuum has been released
shall not exceed the values specified below:
Horizontal Length of flat plate Permanent deflection
(in mm) (in mm)
Upto and including 750 5.0
751 to 1250 6.5
1251 to 1750 8.0
1751 to 2000 9.5
2001 to 2250 11.0
2251 to 2500 12.5
2501 to 3000 16.0
Above 3000 19.0

iii. Pressure Test

One transformer tank of each size together with its radiator, conservator vessel and other
fittings shall be subjected to a pressure corresponding to twice the normal head of oil or to
the normal pressure plus 35 kN/m2 whichever is lower measured at the base of the tank
and maintained for one hour. The permanent deflection of flat plates after the excess pressure
has been released shall not exceed the figure specified above for vacuum test.

18.12 Inspection and Testing at Site

The Contractor shall carry out a detailed inspection and testing programme for field activities
covering areas right from the receipt of material stage upto commissioning stage. An
indicative programme of inspection as envisaged by the Employer is given below. This is
however not intended to form comprehensive programme as it is Contractor's responsibility
to draw up and carry out such a programme duly approved by the Employer. Testing of oil
sample at site shall be carried out as per Clause 18.4

i) Receipt and Storage Checks

a) Check and record condition of each package, visible parts of the transformer etc. for
any damage.
b) Check and record the gas pressure in the transformer tank as well as in the gas
cylinder.
c) Visual check for wedging of core and coils before filling up with oil and also check
conditions of core and winding in general.
d) Check and record reading of impact recorder at receipt and verify the allowable

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 46 of 75

 limits as per manufacturer's recommendation.
ii) Installation Checks
a) Inspection and performance testing of accessories like tap changers, cooling fans,
oil pumps etc.
b) Check for direction of rotation of fans and pumps and check the bearing lubrication.
c) Check whole assembly for tightness, general appearance etc.
d) Oil leakage test.
iii) Commissioning Checks
a) Check the colour of silica gel in silica gel breather.
b) Check the oil level in the breather housing, conservator tanks, cooling system,
condenser bushing etc.
c) Check the bushing for conformity of connection to the lines etc. and tan delta test
for bushing at 10 kV (min.)
d) Check for correct operation of all protection devices and alarms.
e) Check for the adequate protection on the electrical circuit supplying the accessories.
f) Check resistance of all windings.
g) Insulation resistance measurement for the following :
i) Control wiring.
ii) Cooling System motor and control.
iii) Main windings.
h) Check for cleanliness of the transformer and the surroundings.
i) Continuously observe the transformer operation at no load for 24 hours.
j) Gradually put the transformer on load, check and measure increase in temperature
in relation to the load and check the operation with respect to temperature rise and
noise level etc.
k) Phase out and vector group test.
l) Ratio test .
m) Magnetizing current test.
n) Tan delta measurement of winding.
o) Measurement of noise level
p) DGA of oil before commissioning
q) Frequency response Analysis (To be done by employer)

iv) DGA DURING OPERATION:

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of oil shall be periodically monitored by the Employer
during the service of the transformer and the interpretation of DGA results shall be as
per IEC -60599.The Contractor may take separate samples for DGA during warranty
period as it is the responsibility of the Contractor to make their own assessment
regarding the overall health of the converter transformer during this period. 2 nos of oil
sampling bottles per transformer shall be supplied by the Contractor with the following
specification: Oil sampling bottles shall be suitable for collecting oil samples from
transformers and reactors (if any), for Dissolved Gas Analysis. Bottles shall be robust
enough, so that no damage occurs during frequent transportation of samples from site
to laboratory.
• The Sampling bottles shall be made of stainless steel having a capacity of 1litre.
• Oil Sampling bottles shall be capable of being sealed gas-tight and shall be fitted
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 47 of 75
 with cocks on both ends.
• The design of bottle & seal shall be such that loss of hydrogen shall not exceed 5%
per week.
• An impermeable oil-proof, transparent plastic or rubber tube of about 5 mm
diameter, and of sufficient length shall also be provided with each bottle along with
suitable connectors to fit the tube on to the oil sampling valve of the equipment and
the oil collecting bottles respectively.
18.13 TRANSPORTATION
The Contractor shall dispatch the transformer filled with an atmosphere of Nitrogen or dry
air. Necessary arrangement shall be ensured by the Contractor to take care of pressure drop of
nitrogen/dry air during transit and storage till completion of oil filling during erection. A gas
pressure testing valve with necessary pressure gauge and adaptor valve shall be provided.
The transformers shall also be fitted with sufficient numbers of impact recorders (minimum
three) during transportation to measure the movement due to impact in all three directions.
The Contractor shall submit the impact recorder reports within three weeks of receipt of
transformer at site. A VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM for inland transportation integrated
with alarms for nitrogen pressure or dry air shall be implemented during transportation and
provision shall be made to send such information to the Employer and transformer
manufacturer automatically.

19 Valve Cooling system for STATCOM

a) Each STATCOM Unit shall have its own de-ionized water valve cooling system with
redundant pumps.
b) For cooling the STATCOM valves, a deionized re-circulating (closed loop) water system
shall be used.
c) Water to air heat exchanger shall be used for cooling of this de-ionized water. Water to water
heat exchanger shall not be accepted.
d) System shall be designed such that no shut down of STATCOM be resorted to for making up
the deionized water in the system. The make up water should comply with the recommended
PH and purity.
e) Cooling water shall have a constant flow rate irrespective of loading. The flow rate shall be
decided on the basis of extreme operating conditions.
f) The control system for cooling system shall be redundant type including the provision of
redundant control supply and main power supply.
g) 2x100% pumps with one as standby shall be provided for the primary. Should a pump failure
occur, the second pump should automatically switch in without shutting down the
STATCOM. An alarm shall be displayed at the control panel for failure of first pump and
standby pump in operation.
h) These pumps shall be fed from dedicated UPS systems so that in the event of auxiliary
supply failure, these UPSs shall support the water circulation so that STATCOM operation is
not affected. The duration of UPS feeding the main pumps should be coordinated with the
DG set starting and taking up load.
i) The secondary cooling system shall be redundant type such that it shall be possible to take
out 10% (minimum one number) of the cooler module (fan unit) of secondary cooling system
without affecting the rated performance of STATCOM).

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 48 of 75

j) The cooling system should be designed and provided to permit work on faulty pump / faulty
fan without shutting down the system.
k) The pumps shall have mechanical seals and no make up deionized water shall normally be
required.
l) Contractor shall provide water treatment plant of sufficient capacity. The purification
(treatment) system shall be designed to maintain the conductivity below 1 micro siemens. A
resistivity cell in the outgoing water from deionizer should detect the depletion of ionized
material. Filters and deionizers shall be designed to allow replacement during operation.
Normal replacement shall not be required more than once every year.
m) Filters and deionizer/deoxidizer material shall be designed to allow replacement within
minutes without shutdown of the cooling unit. (Normal replacement should not be required
more than once/year).
n) Primary cooling system shall monitor its own operation and condition of cooling water.
o) The protection system of cooling cycle shall have minimum following alarms:
i) Depleted deionizing cell
ii) Low water resistivity
iii) High water temperature
iv) Primary pump stopped
v) Fan stopped
vi) Primary pump or fan interlock circuits faulty
vii) Primary cycle( Make-up water) tank level low
viii) Failure of control supply.
p) Following shutdown alarms / TRIP shall be provided with cooling system protection.
Excessive low water resistivity Excessive high water temperature, complete loss of auxiliary
supply to primary pumps, low flow, Low Pressure etc.
q) The dissipative components of the converter are cooled with deionized water.
r) The power losses are transferred to the external ambient by means of a deionized water /air
heat exchanger. All the piping and other components Complete instrumentation set has been
mounted on board in order to check the status of the cooling system:
• Conductivity gauge system.
• Flow meter equipped with two set points (alarm and trip).
• Pressure meter
• Two thermometers for inlet and outlet (two set points for alarm and
trip)
• Thermostat
s) The status of the cooling system is monitored by means of the control system.
20 Auxiliary Supply System:
20.1 LT SWITCHGEARS:-
415V AC & DC distribution boards shall be provided as per standard SLD for AC & DC
System (Drg No: C/ENGG/STD/LT/SLD/01, Rev 4) with following specific requirements.
a) Number of feeders and their rating in each board shall be decided as per requirement of
STATCOM Station.
b) Rating of DG set shall be as per the requirement of STATCOM Station.
c) The valve and associated protection shall be designed to tolerate complete loss of first grade
auxiliary power (Aux. Power both main incomers) without valve damage or discontinuity

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 49 of 75

 (block or trip) in STATCOM operation. It is envisaged to be achieved through Aux power
supply transfer scheme for changeover from first grade power supply to DG set and provision
of dedicated UPS for cooling system.
d) Since Fire fighting system shall be extended from existing system, feeders which are not
required shall not be referred too. However feeders for control panels/deluge valve
panels/annunciation panels etc wherever required for completion of present scope shall be
provided in the respective panels.
e) The above referred SLD for AC & DC system (Drg No: C/ENGG/STD/LT/SLD/01, Rev 4)
shall be applicable with Rev 05 of standard technical specification of LT Switchgear.

21 AC and Ventilation System

The STATCOM Station shall be provided with Air conditioning system as described below.
21.1 AC System(Except Valve Hall):
Air conditioning shall be as per provision of Section Air Conditioning System enclosed along
with the specification. Air condition system shall be provided for the following area of
STATCOM Station :
a. Control and Relay room
b. Battery room
c. ACDB & DCDB room.
d. Store cum workshop
e. Cooling system room
f. Lobby
The air conditioning shall be provided with the help of High wall type split AC units of 2TR
for all areas except control and relay room, where Cassette type split AC units of 3TR shall be
used. The number of these units shall be decided based on heat load calculation to be
submitted by contractor during detailed Engineering.

21.2 Air-Conditioning System for Valve hall:

Air-Conditioning shall be provided for each Valve room for maintaining the following inside
conditions round the year:
DBT - 35 o C (Maximum)
RH - 60%
The system shall be designed for an outside ambient temperature of 50o C. Based on the
above system design & parameters for valve room the AC system shall comprise of “AHU &
Air cooled DX Condensing units” with Main & Standby. The system shall be designed for 24
Hours, 365 Days of the year operation to maintain the inside temperatures of the Valve Hall
for proper operation of the critical equipment. The air conditioning system shall be designed
for continuous duty. On failure of the Main unit, the stand by unit shall start automatically. To
ensure longer life of the system and to keep the units healthy, changeover of the standby units
shall be done periodically.
Necessary copper piping(with necessary insulation) will be laid for interconnecting the
outdoor and indoor units (Condensing unit & AHU).Condensing unit will be installed outside
of the building at a suitable location as per site condition.
AHU shall be double skinned unit consist of centrifugal blower, cooling coil, dampers &
filter section. Each system shall have pre-filter of 90% efficiency down to 10 microns at the
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 50 of 75
 inlet of AHU and a fine filter of 99% efficiency down to 5 microns at the inlet of AHU. Fire
Dampers to be installed in the main supply air duct as per NFPA90A. First charge of
refrigerant and oil shall also be supplied with the unit
Cool and dehumidified air shall be supplied through acoustically lined (internal) (up to 5 mtrs
from AHU outlet) supply air ducts and discharged into the Valve Hall through supply air
grills and diffusers with volume control dampers and necessary splitters etc. Return air will be
collected through return air duct and taken back to the AHU room. The entire supply air duct
shall be provided with thermal insulation to prevent heat transfer to the cold supply air and
sweating of duct.
AHU shall continuously add required amount of fresh air to the conditioned space to maintain
indoor air quality, which shall be taken through fresh air dampers & louvers. AHU room shall
be provided with insulated floor drain for housekeeping and collection of condensate water.
Each Valve Hall shall be provided with a temperature transducer to monitor the temperature
of the respective room. Start/stop facility for local & remote starting/ stopping of all electrical
equipment/ drives shall be provided. All instruments and local control panels along with
controls and interlock arrangements and accessories shall be provided as required for safe and
trouble free operation of the plant.
All compressors shall have minimum 5 years Warranty from the date of commissioning.

22 Fire Protection System for STATCOM Station:

Necessary fire protection for STATCOM units, Coupling Transformer, MSC, MCR and
Harmonic filter(if any) shall be required. The main features of these protections are as under:
22.1 Smoke Detection System:
Smoke detection system shall be provided in STATCOM Station for all room and areas. The
requirement shall be as per Section Fire Fighting Protection for control Room Building. These
smoke detection system shall be connected to a separate Fire annunciation system clearly
identifying the zone.
22.2 Hydrant System :
The hydrant system shall be extended from existing fire fighting system in the yard. Suitable
no. of hydrant shall be provided for protection of STATCOM Station equipment in the yard
namely Air Core Reactors, Coupling Transformer, MSCs, MSRs and Harmonic Filter(if
required) etc. Further suitable nos. of hydrant shall also be provided for STATCOM Station
building/Kiosk.
22.3 HVW System:
HVW system shall be provided for coupling transformer. The requirement of the same shall
be as specified in Section Fire Fighting system. The tapping for HVW system shall be done
from nearby transformer/Reactor. The contractor shall submit the pressure drop calculation
and in case the necessary pressure is not available due to pipe size etc., the additional pipe or
any other material to achieve the desired pressure is also in the scope of contractor.

23 VT & CT
The instrument transformers shall comply with the relevant IEC Standards. They shall
satisfy the general Technical Requirement specified in specification and shall be
designed to operate in the environmental conditions specified in this Specification.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 51 of 75

 The instrument transformers provided for control, metering and protective relaying
functions shall have voltage & current ratings, accuracy ratings and burden capabilities
adequate to provide their designated functions within the overall accuracy requirement
of the systems.
• Voltage Transformers
Voltage transformers shall comply with the relevant IEC standards IEC 61869
(Part-1 and Part-5).
• Current Transformers
Current transformers shall comply with 61869 (Part-1 and Part-2). Type tests
and routine tests as per relevant IEC.

24 Visual Monitoring System for watch and ward of STATCOM Station:

Visual monitoring system (VMS) for effective watch and ward of STACOM station premises
covering the areas of entire switchyard, STATCOM building, Coupling Transformer, Cooling
Towers and main gate, shall be provided. The contractor shall design, supply, erect, test and
commission the complete system including cameras, Digital video recorder system, mounting
arrangement for cameras, cables, LAN Switches, UPS and any other items/accessories
required to complete the system. To provide all the necessary licenses to run the system
successfully shall be in the scope of contractor.
System with Color IP Cameras for VMS surveillance would be located at various locations
including indoor areas and outdoor switchyard and as per the direction of Engineer-In-
Charge. The VMS data partly/completely shall be recorded (minimum for 15 days) and stored
on network video recorder.
The number of cameras and their locations shall be decided in such a way that any location
covered in the area can be scanned. The cameras shall be located in such a way to monitor at
least:
a) Coupling Transformer, Mechanically Switched Reactors(if any). and Mechanically Switched
Capacitors(if any)., AC filter banks(if any).
b) STATCOM Valve hall, Cooling System, Electrical and Mechanical Auxiliary area.
c) Entrance to STATCOM Station.
d) All other Major Equipments (such as CB, CT, VT, SA etc.)
The cameras can be mounted on structures, buildings or any other suitable mounting
arrangement to be provided by the contractor.

24.1 Technical requirement of major equipment of Visual Monitoring System.

i) The Video Monitoring system shall be an integrated system with IP network centric
functional and management architecture aimed at providing high-speed manual/automatic
operation for best performance.
ii) The system should facilitate viewing of live and recorded images and controlling of all
cameras by the authorized users.
iii) The system shall use video signals from various types of indoor/outdoor CCD colour cameras
installed at different locations, process them for viewing on workstations/monitors in the
control Room and simultaneously record all the cameras after compression using H
264/MPEG 4 or better standard. Mouse/Joystick-Keyboard controllers shall be used for Pan,
Tilt, Zoom, and other functions of desired cameras.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 52 of 75
 iv) The System shall provide sufficient storage of all the camera recordings for a period of 15
days or more @ 25 FPS, at 4 CIF or better quality using necessary compression techniques
for all cameras. It shall be ensured that data once recorded shall not be altered by any means.
The recording resolution and frame rate for each camera shall be user programmable.
v) The surveillance VMS System shall operate on 230 V, 50 Hz single-phase power supply.
System shall have back up UPS power supply meeting the power supply need of all the
cameras in the stations including those which are installed at gate for a period of 2 hours. The
bidder shall submit the sizing calculation for the UPS considering the total load requirement
of Video Monitoring System.
24.2 System requirements:
a) System must provide built-in facility of watermarking or Digital certificate to ensure
tamperproof recording.
b) All cameras may be connected through a suitable LAN which shall be able to perform in
765kV class sub-station environment without fail.
c) All camera recordings shall have Camera ID & location/area of recording as well as date/time
stamp. Camera ID, Location/Area of recording & date/time shall be programmable by the
system administrator with User ID & Password.
d) Facility of camera recording in real-time mode (25 FPS)/15/12.5/10 or lower FPS as well as in
any desired combination must be available in the system.
e) Facility of Camera recording in HD (1280X720p), D1 , 4CIF , CIF, VGA, as well as in any
combination i.e. any camera can be recorded in any quality.
f) System to have facility of 100% additional camera installation beyond the originally planned
capacity.
g) In order to optimize the memory, while recording, video shall be compressed using H
264/MPEG-4 or better standard and streamed over the IP network.
h) System shall be triplex i.e. it should provide facility of Viewing, Recording & Replay
simultaneously.
i) The offered system shall have facility to export the desired portion of clipping (from a specific
date/time to another specific date/time) on CD or DVD. Viewing of this recording shall be
possible on standard PC using standard software like windows media player etc.
j) System shall have provision of WAN connectivity for remote monitoring.
k) The equipment should generally conform to Electro magnetic compatibility requirements for
outdoor equipment in EHV switchyards. The major EMC required for Cameras and other
equipment shall be as under:
1. Electrical Fast Transient (Level 4) – As per IEC
61000-4-4
2. Damped Oscillatory (1 MHz and 100 KHz) (level 3) – As per IEC
61000-4-12
3. AC Voltage Dips & Interruption/Variation (level 4) – As per IEC
61000-4-12
4. Electrostatic Discharge (Level 4) – As per IEC
61000-4-2
5. Power Frequency Magnetic Field (level 4) – As per IEC
61000-4-8
6. Ripple on DC Power Supply (level 4) – As per IEC 61000-
4-17
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 53 of 75
 Type test reports to establish compliance with the above requirement shall be submitted
during detailed engineering.
24.3 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
a) Digital video surveillance control software should be capable to display and manage the entire
surveillance system. It should be capable of supporting variety of devices such as cameras,
video encoder, Servers, NAS boxes/Raid backup device etc.
b) The software should have inbuilt facility to store configuration of encoders and cameras.
c) The software should Support flexible 1/2/4/8/16/32 Windows Split screen display mode and
scroll mode on the PC monitor.
d) The software should be able to control all cameras i.e. PTZ control, Iris control, auto / manual
focus, and color balance of camera, Selection of presets, Video tour selection etc.
e) The software should have user access authority configurable on per device or per device group
basis. The system shall provide user activity log with user ID, time stamp, action performed,
etc.
f) The users should be on a hierarchical basis as assigned by the administrator. The higher
priority person can take control of cameras, which are already being controlled by a lower
priority user.
g) It should have recording modes viz. continuous, manual, or programmed modes on date, time
and camera-wise. All modes should be disabled and enabled using scheduled configuration. It
should also be possible to search and replay the recorded images on date, time and camera-
wise. It should provide onscreen controls for remote operation of PTZ cameras. It should have
the facility for scheduled recording. Different recording speeds (fps) and resolution for each
recording mode for each camera should be possible.
h) The software for clients should also be working on a browser based system for remote users.
This will allow any authorized user to display the video of any desired camera on the monitor
with full PTZ and associated controls.
i) Retrieval: The VMS application should allow retrieval of data instantaneously or any date /
time interval chosen through search functionality of the application software. In case data is
older than 15 days and available, the retrieval should be possible. The system should also
allow for backup of specific data on any drives like DVD’s or any other device in a format
which can be replayed through a standard PC based software. Log of any such activity should
be maintained by the system.
j) VMS shall provide the full functionality reporting tool which can provide reports for user
login/logoff, camera accessibility report, server health check reports etc.
24.4 Network video recorder
The Network Video recorder shall include at least Server (min 3.0 GHZ, 4GB RAM, 3000GB
HDD(min)), RAID 5 ,with suitable configuration along with Colored TFT 22” High resolution
monitor, and Internal DVD writer. Windows XP/Vista/7 Prof. or VMS compatible operating
system latest version with hardware like graphic cards, licensed Anti-virus etc.
Further the digital video recorder shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Server Spec Intel Quad Core (or better) 3.0 Ghz (min.) , 8
MB Cache , 4 GB memory , with suitable
NVIDIA graphics card,3 TB HDD , Raid 5
2. Recording and Display Frame Real-time 25 frames per second per channel ,
Rate manual select
3. Recording Resolution (PAL): 1280X720 , 704(H) x 586(V)
It should be possible to select lower resolutions
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 54 of 75
 4. Compression Method H.264/MPEG-4 or better and latest
Video Motion Detection Standard and built-in (selectable in menu)
5. Capable
6. Monitoring Options Split screen 1, 2, 4 , 8, 16, 32 or more cameras
7. Playback Options Search, still image capture
8. Alarm/Event Recording To be provided with built-in external alarm
Capable input/ output ports minimum(8 in, 2 out)
9. Network Operation Capable To be provided by using WAN or LAN router
10. Remote Internet Viewing Using WAN or LAN router
Capable
11. HDD Storage Consumption 1GB ~ per hour / channel variable based on
frame speed and resolution settings, as well as
compression
12. Operation Triplex operation (simultaneous recording,
playback, network operation)
13. Number of Video Channel 32
14. Audio Recording Capable 32
15. Input Voltage 230V AC or equivalent with UPS as a back up
for 30 minutes.
24.5 VMS Camera
i. The color IP camera for substation shall have PAN, TILT and ZOOM facilities so that it can
be focused to the required location from the remote station through a controller. Whereas
wireless IP cameras with PTZ controls are required for installation at gates of the
POWERGRID premises as per the direction of Engineer-In-Charge
ii. The IP Camera at the main gate can be fixed or PTZ based and shall be used for monitoring
entry and exit
iii. It should have sufficient range for viewing all the poles of isolators and other equipments with
high degree of clarity.
iv. The VMS camera shall be suitable for wall mounting, ceiling mounting and switchyard
structure mounting.
v. It shall be possible to define at 128 selectable preset locations so that the camera gets
automatically focused on selection of the location for viewing a predefined location.
vi. The camera should be able to detect motion in day & night environments having light
intensity of Color: 0.5 Lux; B&W:0.05 Lux
vii. Housing of cameras meant for indoor use shall be of IP 42 or better rating whereas outdoor
camera housing shall be of IP 66 or better rating. Housing shall be robust and not have the
effect of electromagnetic induction in 765/400KV switchyard.
viii. All camera recordings shall have Camera ID & location/area of recording as well as date/time
stamp. Camera ID, Location/Area of recording & date/time shall be programmable by the
system administrator with User ID & Password
ix. Facility of camera recording in real-time mode (25 FPS)/15/12.5/10 or lower FPS as well as in
any desired combination must be available in the system.
x. Outdoor IP Fixed Megapixel Camera Specifications (For Main Gate)

1. Image Sensor 2-megapixel Progressive ,1 / 3" CMOS/CCD sensor,

Minimum illumination 0.1 Lux
2. Min Luminous 0.5LUX(Color) 0.05Lux(Black)
3. Camera Enclosure Type IP66 Grade
4. Iris/Focus Auto/Manual
5. Video Compression Dual Stream H.264 and MPEG 4 user selectable
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 55 of 75
 6. Support Dual-stream primary/secondary stream, H.264/MPEG 4 optional
7. Video Definition Primary stream:1600x1200,1280x960,1280x720,
Secondary stream:800x600,400x288,192x144
8. Video Parameters Brightness, hue, contrast, saturation and image quality
9. Video Frame Rate PAL: 1-25frames/second
NTSC:1-30frames/second
10. Video Compression BR 32Kbit/S - 6Mbit/S
11. Video Output One channel composite Streaming
12. Supported Protocols TCP, UDP, IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DHCP, DNS,ARP,
ICMP, POP3, NTP, IPsec, UpnP, RTP, RTCP
13. Operating Temperature

-5 ~ +50Ԩ

14. Operating Humidity 10 ~ 90%

xi. Outdoor IP66 PTZ HD Camera Specifications (For Switch Yards)

1. Image sensor 1/3 type Solid State Progressive Scan CCD,WDR(High

Definition)
2. Security Multiple user access with password protection
3. Effective Pixels (PAL): Main Stream：1280x720
Sub Stream：640x360、320x280 selectable
4. Compression Dual Stream H.264 and MPEG 4 user selectable
5. Signal System 50 Hz
6. S/N (signal to Better than 50 dB
noise) Ratio
7. Electronic 1/60 ~ 1/10,000 sec. automatic or better
Shutter
8. Scanning Progressive/interlace
System
9. Low Light Color: 0.5 Lux; B&W:0.02 Lux
Sensitivity (lux)
10. Lens Minimum 10x (minimum) optical in High Definition
(The system shall be able to zoom the images on the
monitor without any distortion to the maximum level
of optical zoom)
11. Lens Size Minimum 4.1~73.8 mm
12. Lens Aperture F1.6(wide)~F2.8(tele), f=4.1~41.0mm, 10X Zoom,
Video Auto Focus
Angle of View Horizontal : 52°(wide) , 2.8°(tele)
13. PTZ Data Selectable 2400 bps / 4800 bps / 9600 bps
Transfer
Baud/Bit Rates
Supported
14. Panning Range Complete 360 degrees (horizontal)
15. Pan Speed Adjustable, 0.1 degrees / second ~ 250 degrees / second
16. Tilting Range Minimum 180° Tilt Rotation
17. Tilt Speed Adjustable, 0.1 degrees / second ~ 150 degrees / second
18. In Built Storage Camera should have inbuilt storage TF or SD format for
recording and storing Pictures
19. IP Class IP66 Standard

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 56 of 75

 20.
Working
-0Ԩ ~ +50Ԩ
temperature

21. Working
10 ~ 90%
Humidity

24.6 PTZ-Keyboards
The features of PTZ shall include:
• Fully functional dynamic keyboard/joystick controllers
• Controls all pan, tilt, zoom, iris, preset functions
• Control up to 255 units from a single keyboard
• Many preset options and advanced tour programming
• Compatible with all connected cameras
•
1. Key Application wired keyboard control operation of PTZ functions
for weatherproof dome cameras
2. Pan / Tilt / Zoom Protocol Selectable
Languages Supported
3. PTZ Data Transfer Baud selectable 1200 bps / 2400 bps / 4800 bps / 9600
Rates Supported bps
4. Additional Features dynamic joystick for smooth camera movements,
preset location option for quick access to
frequently monitored areas

25 Requirement for Remote operation of STATCOM Station

i. Remote Communication interface (RCI) for STATCOM Station

The STATCOM Station System shall provide remote communication interface (RCI) for
simultaneous communications with multiple independent remote control centres as defined
here. There shall be no restriction to the type or number of signals and controls, which are
available in the STATCOM Station system to be configured for communication to remote
control centers. The following signals and controls shall generally be required:
(a) Measurements (MVar, Current, Voltages, cooling system parameters, Temperatures)
(b) Control ( Start, Stop, Operational parameter setting etc.)
(c) Alarms & warnings (STATCOM Station health monitoring)
(d) Disturbance records (in COMTRADE format)
The Contractor shall supply necessary software tools for configuring the RCI so that it can be
configured by the Employers representative.
ii. The RCI shall be in redundant configuration so that communication with all the Control
centers is available even if one of the RCI fails. Each RCI shall have the following
communication ports:
(a) port for three Remote Control Centres on IEC 60870-5-104 protocol.
(b) port on IEC 60870-5-104 and a port on IEC 60870-5-101 for Regional System
Coordination Centre (RSCC)
The RCI shall allow independent scanning and control of defined points of STATCOM
Station for each control centre and the RCI shall simultaneously respond to independent scans
and commands from the control centres (RCCs & RSCC). The RCI shall support the use of a

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 57 of 75

 different communication data exchange rate (bits per second), scanning cycle, and/or
communication protocol to each remote control centre. Also, each control centre’s data scan
and control commands may be different for different data points within the STATCOM
Station system's database.
The RCI shall identify the control actions performed by the each of the remote masters
individually and log it in its database. The logs for last 30 days shall be stored and accessible
at the Station HMI.
Employer will provide the communication channels between the RCI and the remote control
centre. The communication channels provided by Employer will consist either of power line
carrier, microwave, optical fibre, VSAT or leased line, the details of which shall be provided
during detailed Engineering.
iii. Interface equipment
The Contractor shall provide interface equipment such as Modem, communication cables, and
interface converters up to the Communication equipment (provided by Employer) for
communicating between the RCI and Remote control centers. The communication channels
available for this purpose are specified in section project.
The communication interface with the RCCs is an Ethernet interface. In case of PLCC
communication, any modem supplied shall not require manual equalization and shall include
self-test features such as manual mark/space keying, analogue loop-back, and digital loop-
back. The modems shall provide for convenient adjustment of output level and receive
sensitivity. The modem should be standalone complete in all respects including power supply
(from station battery) to interface the SAS with communication channel. The configuration of
tones and speed shall be programmable and maintained in non-volatile memory in the modem.
All necessary hardware and software shall also be in the scope of bidder except the
communication link along with communication equipment between substation control room
and Remote Control Centre.
iv. Communication Protocol
The communication protocol for gateway to control centre must be open protocol and shall
support all features of IEC60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 standards. The protocol shall
be configurable and support features such as Report by exception, Periodic reporting so that
the data update times at the RCC/RSCC can be optimised.

26 MV Circuit Breaker
The MV Circuit Breaker shall comply with the IEC and all other relevant Standards, and as
specified in this specification. They shall satisfy the General Technical Requirements and
shall be designed to operate in the environmental conditions specified in this specification.
The Circuit Breaker offered should be of SF6 type /Vacuum type only and of class C2, M2 as
per IEC
26.1 The circuit breaker shall be complete with terminal connectors, operating mechanism, control
cabinets, piping, interpole cable, cable accessories like glands, terminal blocks, marking
ferrules, lugs, pressure gauges, density monitors (with graduated scale), galvanised support
structure for CB and control cabinets, their foundation bolts and all other circuit breaker
accessories required for carrying out all the functions the CB is required to perform.
26.2 All necessary parts to provide a complete and operable circuit breaker installation such as
main equipment, terminals, control parts, connectors and other devices whether specifically
called for herein or not shall be provided.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 58 of 75
26.3 The support structure of circuit breaker shall be hot dip galvanised. Exposed hardware items
shall be hot dip galvanised or Electro-galvanised.
26.4 MV Circuit Breaker shall be equipped with controlled switching with consequent
optimization of switching behavior, when used in:
• Switching of Capacitor Bank
• Switching of shunt Reactor Bank
For Technical Requirement for controlled switching device refer Section-Switchgear of
Technical Specification.
26.5 The test reports of the type tests shall be submitted for Purchaser’s review:
26.6 The Circuit Breaker shall be capable of performing their duties for their intended application
under system operating conditions specified for STATCOM Station.
26.7 Routine tests as per IEC:62271-100 shall be performed on all circuit breakers.

27 MV Isolators & Earth switches

The isolators and earth switches shall comply with the IEC and all other relevant Standards,
and as specified in this specification. They shall satisfy the General Technical Requirements
and shall be designed to operate in the environmental conditions specified in this
specification.
a. The isolators and accessories shall conform in general to IEC-62271 series as per relevance
(or IS:9921) except to the extent explicitly modified in specification.
b. Earth switches shall be provided on isolators wherever called for.
c. Switches shall be motor operated with local & remote operation feature and local manual
operation feature. Remote operation of Earth Switch is not required.
d. Disconnections and earth switches shall electrically and mechanically be interlocked. Castle
Key interlocking facilities shall be provided to mechanically interlock the earth switch and
Isolator to the doors of valve rooms.
e. The features and constructional details of isolators, earth switches and accessories shall be in
accordance with requirements stated.
27.1 Contacts
a. The isolators shall be provided with high pressure current carrying contacts on the hinge and
jaw ends and all contact surfaces shall be silver plated. The thickness of silver plating should
not be less than 25 microns. The contacts shall be accurately machined and self aligned.
b. The contacts shall be self cleaning type.
27.2 Base
a. Each pole of the isolator shall be provided with a completely galvanized steel base. The base
shall be rigid and self supporting and shall require no guying or cross bracing between
phases other than the supporting structures.
b. The position of movable contact system (main blades) of each of the isolators and earthing
switches shall be indicated by a mechanical indicator at the lower end of the vertical rod of
shaft for the isolator and earthing switch. The indicator shall be of metal and shall be visible
from operating level.
27.3 Blades
a. All metal parts shall non-rusting and non-corroding metal. Current carrying parts shall be of
non-ferrous material. Bolts, screws and pins shall be provided with lock washers, keys or
equivalent locking facilities if provided on current carrying parts, shall be made of copper
silicon alloy or equivalent. The bolts or pins used in current carrying parts shall be made of
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 59 of 75
 non-ferrous and non-corroding material. All castings except current carrying parts, shall be
made of malleable cast iron or cast steel. No grey iron shall be used in the manufacture of
any part of the Isolator.
b. The isolators shall be so constructed that the switch blade will not fall to the closed position
if the operating shaft gets disconnected.
c. Isolators and earthing switching including their operating parts shall be such that they cannot
be dislodged from their open or closed positions by short circuit forces, gravity, wind
pressure, vibrations, shocks or accidental touching of the connecting rods of the operating
mechanism.
d. The switch shall be designed such that no lubrication of any part is required except at very
infrequent internals.
27.4 Insulator
The insulator shall conform to IS:2544 and/or IEC-60168. Pressure due to the contact shall
not be transferred to the insulators after the main blades are fully closed. The insulators shall
be so arranged that leakage current will pass to earth and not between terminals of the same
pole or between phases. Creepage distance for insulators shall be 43 mm/kV for heavy
pollution environment. The puncture voltage of hollow insulator columns shall be greater
than dry flashover voltage
The name plate shall conform to the requirements of IEC and shall be incorporating the year
of manufacture.
28 Surge Arrester
The Contractor shall supply the surge arresters necessary for the protection of the equipment
associated with STATCOM Station in accordance with the requirements specified. The
bidder shall provide the one line diagram indicating location of proposed Surge Arresters in
the bid
The protective characteristics and discharge duties with respect to the intended application,
shall be determined by the Contractor. The surge arresters shall give consistent protection to
their associated equipment against overvoltages produced by lightning or switching surges,
internal or external station faults, and other system disturbances.
The surge arresters shall be rated such that they are able to discharge a specified maximum
energy due to the application of lightning, Switching surges, temporary over voltages and
faults as determined by insulation coordination studies to be carried out by the contractor,
without coming into the temperature region where thermal runaway could result upon
subsequent application of maximum transient and steady state voltage conditions.
The arrester housing can be of composite type. The end fittings shall be made of non-
magnetic and corrosion proof material.
Internal components shall be designed to eliminate internal corona and also to ensure
minimal capacitive coupling with any conducting layer of pollutant on the outside of the
porcelain housing Particular attention shall be given to the high discharge currents which
some of the arresters may experience in service due to discharge of stored energy of the ac
filter and reactive compensating equipment, tripping of STATCOM etc.

29 Design Principles
The objective for the design of the STATCOM Station shall be to achieve high level of
availability and reliability as specified. Special attention shall be given to design the
STATCOM Station to avoid forced outages. The contractor shall conduct thorough design
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 60 of 75
 reviews and submit a report explaining the measures taken to minimize the risk of such
outages. The Contractor shall give careful attention to related factors affecting STATCOM
Station performance such as subsystem & system testing, protective relays co-ordination and
proper setting of relays.
Except where greater reliability requirements are specified in these specifications, the design
basis for STATCOM Station shall be such that no single contingency downstream from the
medium voltage bus shall cause a total outage of the STATCOM Station. The following
general criteria shall be followed for the design of the control system:
a) Use of components similar to those whose reliability has already been proved in use.
b) Use of good design practices, surge protection, filtering and interference buffers to assure
Immunity to sensitive component and circuits against damage and interference by induced
voltages and currents in the external cabling and cubicle wiring.
c) Use of fail safe and self-checking design features.
d) Use of component and equipment redundancy, by means of either duplication or triplication
with automatic transfer facilities wherever necessary to meet the requirement of these
specifications.
e) Design which in the event of component failures, provide for transfer to a less complex
operating mode.
f) Provision of alarm, fault diagnosis & indication

30 RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF STATCOM STATION

30.1 Definitions
1. Outage terms
a) Outage
The stage in which an equipment is unavailable for normal operation due to an event directly
related to the equipment which results in reduction in STATCOM Station capacity.
b) Scheduled Outage
An outage which can be scheduled at least one week in advance
c) Forced outage
The stage in which the equipment is unavailable for normal operation but is not in the
scheduled outage stage and which results in reduction in STATCOM Station capacity i.e. an
outage which is not scheduled outage.
30.2 Capacity terms
a) Maximum Continuous Capacity (Pm)
The maximum STATCOM Station capacity (MVAR) for which continuous operation under
normal condition is possible
30.3 Outage duration terms
a) Actual outage duration (AOD)
The time elapsed in hours between the start and end of an outage.
30.4 Time Categories
a) The number of hours in the reporting period in a full year, the period year is 8760 hours. If
the equipment is commissioned, part way through a year, the period hours will be
proportionately less than 8760 hours.
b) Total Outage hour (TOH)
The sum of all outage duration within the reporting period.
TOH = AOD
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 61 of 75
30.5 Availability & Reliability Terms
1. Unavailability
Unavailability is the duration for which the STATCOM Station is not available with specified
rating due to forced outages per year. If part of the station is unavailable, then the
unavailability duration shall be counted proportionally. However if STATCOM is out then its
duration shall count as fully unavailable STATCOM Station. However If STATCOM unit is
out then the STATCOM Station unavailability shall be counted proportionally STATCOM
capacity. Station Control system outage shall count as full STATCOM Station unavailability.
‘OF’ is the outage frequency which will be the number of forced outages per year
The period basis for availability and reliability calculations shall be 12 months. The
contractor shall provide calculation to demonstrate that the design will meet the specified
guaranteed and design target value of availability and reliability.
Outage times for repair, maintenance and replacement of components shall be based on the
premises that all items in the contractors list of recommended spare parts are on hand, that all
maintenance schedule of recommended maintenance are adhered to. Reliability calculations
shall be made and shall be presented as the expected frequency of unscheduled loss of
STATCOM Station capacity. For simultaneous occurance of events, for either of which a
loss of capacity would result, the longer repair time shall be counted.
The facilities shall be assumed to be utilized 100% of the time at 100% load, regardless of
the actual reactive power generated/absorbed by the STATCOM. Hence the availability and
reliability assessment will be based on the capability of STATCOM Station to
generate/absorb the rated reactive power regardless of whether, it is in service or not.
The Bidder shall submit the detailed report regarding reliability, availability calculations,
criteria and data used in the bid document
30.6 Availability Requirement
The calculated availability of the system considered on the annual basis shall be equal to or
exceed the following target values. Also subject to terms and conditions specified the
availability per year averaged during the five year guaranteed availability period considering
both forced and scheduled outages for maintenance shall be equal to or exceed the values
guaranteed by the contractor.
Minimum availability requirement of each complete STATCOM Station
Design target Guaranteed for each STATCOM Station
99% 98%
The outages of STATCOM Station capacity caused by the failure of equipment outside the
scope of the contractor shall not be considered for calculation of availability and reliability
guarantee. However such outage shall be restricted to
1) complete loss to 400 kV supply
2) Human Error.
Circumstances causing curtailment of STATCOM Station capacity that will be included in
reliability and availability assessment and which can lead to forced outages shall include but
not be limited to the following:
a) failure of equipment
b) Mal-operation of control and protection system
c) Failure to start
d) Reduction in capacity.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 62 of 75

30.7 Fulfillment of Availability Guarantee
The availability of STATCOM Station will be monitored during availability guarantee period.
The guarantee period for STATCOM Station shall be five years and a preventive maintenance
shall be carried out immediately before the start of availability period.
The Owner will maintain records of the number and duration of forced and scheduled
outages.
For fulfillment of the guaranteed availability the following shall apply:
a) If annual availability, averaged over the five year guarantee period commencing six months
after acceptance of the STATCOM Station, proves to be below the guarantee value, the
guarantee period shall be extended by one year. If at the end of this sixth year, the three year
average availability, disregarding the year, (any twelve consecutive months) with the lowest
availability is equal to or higher than the guaranteed value, then the availability guarantee will
be considered fulfilled.
If the annual availability averaged over the best five year period is still below the guaranteed
value, the contractor shall correct all design deficiencies and equipment defect at no cost to
the owner.
After correction of such deficiencies and defects, if the annual availability averaged over a
further two year period is still below the guaranteed value, liquidated damages calculated as
below shall be paid by the contractor to the Owner:
Liquidated damages 0.1% of total contract value for each 0.1% or part thereof for the shortfall
in availability below 98% down to 96%.
In case availability as described above, is found to be below 96%, the Contractor shall replace
the plant/equipment as identified by the Employer at no cost to the Employer. In case of
default, necessary provisions of GC shall be enforced by the Employer.
30.8 Reliability Requirement
a) Reliability
In the assessment of reliability, the following events shall also be considered to constitute a
STATCOM Station outage:
i) A STATCOM Station shut down.
ii) A reduction of STATCOM Station capacity due to outage of any component of STATCOM
Station
The calculated reliability of the complete STATCOM Station shall be equal to or exceed the
following design target values. Also subject to the terms and conditions specified, the
reliability per year shall be equal to or exceed the guaranteed values stated in the Contract.
The period over which the guarantee is to be in effect, is five years commencing six months
after acceptance of the complete system. The operation of the STATCOM will be monitored
during the five year period to determine whether it meets the guarantee.
The average outage frequency per year for each STATCOM Station shall not exceed the
following values:
Design target Max acceptable Guaranteed value
Forced Outages 3 5
30.9 Fulfillment of reliability guarantee
a) An annual appraisal of reliability performance shall be jointly made by the Owner and the
Contractor to determine whether, correction of design deficiencies if any, is warranted.
With respect to the guaranteed reliability value the following shall apply:

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 63 of 75

b) If the forced outage frequency per year averaged over the five year guarantee period exceeds
the guaranteed value, the guaranteed period shall be extended by one year. If at the end of the
sixth year the five year average of forced outages per year, disregarding the year (any twelve
consecutive months) with the highest forced outages per year, then the reliability guarantee is
considered fulfilled.
c) If the forced outages per year averaged over the best five year period exceeds the guaranteed
value, the contractor shall correct all design deficiencies including equipment defects at no
cost to the owner.
d) After correction of such deficiencies and defects, if the forced outage per year averaged over
a further two year period is still more than the guaranteed value, the bidder shall pay as
liquidated damages to the owner at 0.1% of total contract value per Force Outages exceeding
Guaranteed Value.
The total recovery on account of availability and reliability for all the STATCOM Stations
shall not exceed 10% of the total contract value. The contractor shall furnish at the start of
the guarantee period a Bank Guarantee against reliability and availability requirement for an
amount of 10% of the total contract value.
30.10 GUARANTEED FAILURE RATE OF Power Modules. (Including all component and
electronic)
The maximum annual guaranteed failure rate of power module (including all component and
electronic) shall not exceed 1.0% per STATCOM. The failure rate shall not include failures
directly attributable to operation and maintenance errors. The Power Module failure rate shall
be monitored over a period of three years starting at the end of six months following trial
operation of the STATCOM system. If the average failure rate of Power Modules, of
STATCOM, over a period of these three years proves to be within the guaranteed value the
guarantee shall be considered as fulfilled otherwise the guarantee period shall be extended by
one more year. If the average Power Module failure rate calculated, individually for
STATCOM, for three out of the four years, disregarding the year (any consecutive 12
months) with the highest Power Module failure rate is equal to or lower than the guaranteed
value then the Power Module failure rate guarantee is considered to be fulfilled.
If the annual Power Module failure rate averaged over the best three years is still above the
guaranteed value the Contractor shall supply, without any additional cost to the Employer,
additional spare Power Modules equal to twenty (20) times the difference between the actual
annual failure rate averaged over the best three years and the guaranteed annual failure rate.
The performance calculations shall be done for a complete STATCOM.
30.11 AC POWER CAPACITOR FAILURE RATE GUARANTEE
The maximum guaranteed annual capacitor failure rate shall not exceed 0.15% except first
unit failure. The capacitor shall be considered as failed if its Capacitance value varies more
than ±5% of the (actual measured) name plate value. Leakage of oil from the capacitor and
deformation of the capacitor unit shall be considered as a failure even if the capacitance value
is within the tolerance limits. The failure rate shall be calculated separately for each type,
rating and manufacturer.Capacitor units failing during the first six consecutive months of
operation after successful trial operation shall not be included in the calculation of failure

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 64 of 75

 rate, although these shall be replaced under the provisions of the equipment guarantee. Just
before the start of guarantee period, all the failed units shall be replaced. Till the expire of
guarantee period, all replacement for failed units shall be supplied by the Contractor free of
cost.The failure rate shall be monitored over a period of three years starting at the end of six
months following trial operation of the STATCOM Station. If the average failure rate of each
type of unit during these three years proves to be within the guaranteed value the guarantee
shall be considered as fulfilled otherwise the guarantee period shall be extended by one more
year. If the average unit failure rate calculated, individually for each type, for three out of the
four years, disregarding the year (any consecutive 12 months) with the highest failure rate is
equal to or lower than the guaranteed value then the failure rate guarantee is considered to be
fulfilled.
If the annual failure rate averaged over the best three years is still above the guaranteed value
for any type of unit the Contractor shall supply, without any additional cost to the Employer,
additional spare units equal to five times the difference between the actual annual failure rate
averaged over the best three years and the guaranteed annual failure rate.
The above shall apply to AC Power capacitors of each "type" of capacitor unit supplied
individually where "type" refers to the unit capacitance and voltage, current, and kVAr rating.
The calculations shall be made separately for each manufacturer in case the capacitors are
supplied from different sources. In case, 0.15% of any particular type of capacitor units is less
than one, the annual failure rate shall be calculated without taking the first unit.
31 Losses Requirements
31.1 GENERAL: At STATCOM, rated load, (capacitive or inductive), total losses (Common
Coupling Transformer, valves, series reactor, cooling system, and control & protection and
auxiliary power) shall be less than 1.5%
31.2 DIFFERENTIAL PRICE FACTOR FOR LOSS EVALUATION
31.2.1 The Bidders shall guarantee the total loss of each STATCOM Station for 400kV 50Hz
system, including Coupling Transformer, valves, series reactor, cooling system, MSCs, MSRs
and control & protection and auxiliary power for various compensator outputs indicated in
Clause 31.2.2 below, in the relevant schedules of Bid Proposal Sheets, Vol IA. These
guaranteed loss figures shall be without any tolerance.
31.2.2 The total capitalized cost of losses of each STATCOM Station for each Bidder shall be
calculated based on loading patterns as given in Clause no. 31.2.3 below. The lowest
capitalized cost of losses for each STATCOM Station of any bidder shall be the base for
comparison.
31.2.3 The following loading pattern shall be considered for each STATCOM Station for loss
evaluation purposes only. It shall not be considered as design criterion for sizing of
STATCOM station.
S. No. STATCOM Output MSC or MSR Output in Duration in % Guaranteed Losses**
in % of its Total % of its Total of total of STATCOM station
capacity* capacity*(Incase MSC/MSR operating ………………….
are not applicable Capacity shall duration
be considered as zero)
1 -100% -100% 5% A1=………..kW
2 - 60% -100% 5% A2=………..kW

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 65 of 75

 3 -30% -100% 5% A3=………..kW
4 -15% -100% 10% A4=………..kW
5 0 -100% 20% A5=………..kW
6 0 0 10% A6=………..kW
7 0 +100% 20% A7=………..kW
8 +15% +100% 10% A8=………..kW
9 +30% +100% 5% A9=………..kW
10 +60% +100% 5% A10=………..kW
11 +100% +100% 5% A11=………..kW
“-” indicates Inductive MVAR and “+” indicates Capacitive MVAR.
* Rated Capacity in MVAR at 20°C average ambient temperature, Fundamental frequency
and 1 p.u. voltage.
**Guaranteed losses of STATCOM Station at 20°C average ambient temperature,
Fundamental Frequency & 1 p.u. voltage against loading condition (STATCOM Loading and
MSC/MSR Loading) specified.
Total Guaranteed Losses of STATCOM Station……… for loss evaluation =
[(0.05XA1+0.05XA2+0.05XA3+0.1XA4+0.2XA5+0.1XA6+0.2XA7+0.1XA8+0.05XA9+0.
05XA10+0.05XA11)]
31.2.4 Liquidated Damages for Guaranteed Losses of STATCOM Station shall be Rs. 275970 per
KW. If the measured/calculated losses are more than the guaranteed loss, the liquidated
damages shall be recovered Rs. 275970 per KW for each KW exceeding the guaranteed
value.
31.2.5 The Bidder shall indicate the guaranteed losses (except harmonic losses) for STATCOM
Valves, Filter bank (If applicable), Coupling Transformer, Reactors and Capacitors at their
maximum rating, rated 1 p.u. voltage, fundamental frequency and 20degreeC average ambient
temperature in the relevant schedule of Bid Proposal Sheets. These guaranteed values shall
be considered for comparison during factory tests to reject or accept the equipment after
levying liquidated damages as detailed in clause 31.2.7.
31.2.6 During the factory tests the losses for the following equipment shall be measured / assessed as
detailed below:
a) Coupling transformer:
Losses shall be measured at factory/lab at the maximum rating, at power frequency as per r
elevant IEC/IS.
b) Reactors:
The losses shall be measured at factory/lab at the maximum rating at power frequency as per
relevant IEC/IS.
c) Valves:
The losses at power frequency shall be obtained by summing the conduction loss, grading and
damping circuit losses. The conduction losses shall be measured at power frequency as per
CIGRE WG 38-01 recommendations losses.
d) Capacitor:
The capacitor losses shall be measured at works at power frequency as well as calculated to
obtain the losses in the complete bank on the basis of factory measurement.
e) Auxiliary System:
Aux. power losses shall be calculated from the KW and efficiency of all motors (name plate
rating) of the cooling system, air conditioning, ventilation etc. The higher of the total losses
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 66 of 75
 for the entire auxiliary systems occurring at full capacitive capacity MVAR or full Inductive
MVAR as the case may be shall be considered for arriving at the total losses.
f) Harmonic Filters, If any:
The losses shall be calculated at the maximum STATCOM loading at 400 kV and 50 Hz. The
calculations shall be on the basis of tested results of the components.
31.2.7 The losses obtained as above during the factory tests shall be compared with the guaranteed
losses at maximum rating at rated voltage and frequency as indicated in the relevant schedule
of Bid Proposal Sheets. In case, the losses of any equipment exceeds the guaranteed value by
more than 10%, then the equipment shall be rejected. In case the excess losses are within
10% of the guaranteed value, then liquidated damages for the excess losses of each equipment
shall be calculated at the rate of Rs. 275970 per KW and will be recovered from the
Contractor.
31.2.8 The Owner reserves the right to recover the liquidated damages as mentioned above from any
running bills of the Contractor. Further the liquidated damages shall not be subject to any
ceiling whatsoever and shall be in addition to any other liquidated damages under any other
terms of the Contract.
32 REPAIR PROCEDURE
Repairs, if any performed on the STATCOM Station equipment shall be carried out only after
mutual discussion and in accordance with mutually agreed upon repair procedure. The
Contractor shall submit details of faults, root cause analysis along with proposal of repair
procedure for mutual agreement immediately after the fault has been detected. The bidder
shall describe the process of repairs to be carried out preferably in India.

33 Testing Requirements: Below are basic requirements for STATCOM Station tests.
33.1 Site Pre-commissioning Testing
a) Dielectric and Insulation resistance checks on primary equipments consisting of Power factor
tests, high potential tests.
b) Resistance measurements of transformers, reactors, filter resistors & measuring equipment.
c) Ratio & polarity checks of transformers & measuring devices
d) Magnetization curves of current transformers
e) Insulating oil tests on transformers, reactors & other oil insulated equipment
f) Contact resistance checks of bus connections, jumpers, isolators and earths witches.
g) Functional tests on auxiliaries
h) Functional tests on control, protection, fault recorder, SCADA & alarm circuits including
protective relay settings and testing.
i) Mechanical balancing, alignment, capacity, vibration checks
j) Checks of Interlocks
k) Wiring continuity & insulation resistance tests
l) Power abnormality tests for electronic equipment
m) Power supply parameters for electronic equipment
n) Diagnostic software functional demonstration
o) Functional tests on Valve cooling system
33.2 Commissioning Tests
After successful completion of the pre-commissioning tests, all independent sub-system
shall be energized or started up in accordance with the relevant approved
commissioning procedures to be submitted by the Contractor. These tests shall
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 67 of 75
 demonstrate the electrical & mechanical integrity of these sub-systems. During these
tests the Contractor shall make the initial adjustment to the equipment for satisfactory
operation.
Commissioning tests will be subject to mutual agreement between the Contractor & the
Owner.
33.3 Site Acceptance Test
After the satisfactory completion of pre-commissioning & commissioning tests the following
acceptance tests shall be carried out on each STATCOM Station. The Contractor shall furnish
the best procedure for carrying out the tests.
z STATCOM valves firing & supervision test
z STATCOM valves energizing test
z STATCOM Station power rating test
z MSC / MSR energizing test
z Harmonic performance test
z Complete Operating Characteristics & Slope Setting
z Static Characteristic of the Uncontrolled STATCOM
z STATCOM small Signal Response Test
z STATCOM Station Control system test.
z Heat run test
z Large disturbance test (Field testing)
33.4 Trial operation
After completion of system tests, trial operation for an uninterrupted period of normal
operation of not less than 10 days is required and during which the converter equipment shall
be fully operational. Interruptions attributable to connecting system requirements shall be
permitted during trial operation.
34 Commissioning Responsibilities
The equipment supplied for this Contract shall be commissioned at the Sites and
brought into Commercial Operation by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall provide a Commissioning Supervisor and other staff approved by the
Owner. The Contractor shall furnish commissioning procedures well in advance and details
of test equipment required and these procedures shall include, but not be limited to, the tests
specified above in this section.
The Contractor shall allow four weeks for the Owner to approve or comment on the
procedures received. The Owner reserves the right to have any additional tests carried out
which shall be mutually agreed to between the Owner and the Contractor
During the commissioning work the Contractor’s Commissioning Supervisor shall assume
charge and be responsible for the equipment being commissioned. Owner’s clearance and
safety procedures shall apply during the commissioning work and owner will nominate a
representative to coordinate with the Contractor’s Commissioning Supervisors on matters
relating to System operation and control.
The Contractor shall supply the testing equipment for the dielectric tests and all measuring
devices, including instrument transformers, oscillograph, etc., for tests performed at the Site.
These instruments and instrument transformers shall be previously calibrated against
accepted standards.
No inspecting, testing or operation which is required to take place or be done in, upon, or
about the Works which have been energized or existing equipment or facilities of Owner
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 68 of 75
 which are or may be electrically charged or energized from any source, shall be permitted
unless and until a written “permit to work” has been issued for this purpose by the Owner.
When such inspecting, testing or operation has been completed, the Contractor shall give
written clearance to Owner of said completion. The “permit to work” shall apply and for
what period the said permit shall apply and the permit shall only be valid for such date and
such period of time.
35 Quality Control
The Contractor shall institute a quality assurance programme to ensure the quality of the
equipment. Such programme shall be geared to quality assurance at all manufacturing plants
of the Contractor and at the Site. The position of the programme related to the manufacture
of equipment by the Contractor shall be in accordance with the relevant international
Standards.
The contractor shall submit quality manual which shall be based on BS:5750 Part-I CSA:Z
299/national/international standard. Quality manual shall outline the comprehensive quality
management system of the contractor under various sections such as organization structure,
documentation control, deviation, disposal etc.
All details of the Contractor’s quality assurance programme shall be approved by Owner
prior to commencement of the Works.
The Contractor’s quality assurance programme shall include, but not be limited, to the
following items :
a) Appointment of Contractor’s representative for quality assurance
b) Performance of all inspection and testing
c) Calibration of measuring and testing equipment
d) Maintenance of quality records
e) Provide Owner access to Contractor’s or sub-contractor’s premises for the purpose of quality
surveillance and verification
f) Corrective action when non-conforming items are found in the quality assurance programme.
g) The Contractor shall comply with all the requirement of the approved quality assurance
programme.
35.1 Inspection
Inspection in Factory
In order to verify that all the manufacturing of equipment by the Contractor, or material and
equipment being procured and provided by the Contractor is all in complete conformance
with the requirements of the Contract, the Contractor shall ensure that the inspector or
Engineer, or any other agent or agency authorized by Owner in writing, shall at all times
have access to all facilities and premises where the manufacturing and supply of the
Equipment by the Contractor, or Sub-contractors is being carried out.
The Contractor shall provide detailed manufacturing schedules, quality control and non-
destructive testing procedures for approval of the Owner and shall keep such schedules up-
to-date. The Contractor shall notify the Inspector in writing at least fifteen (15) working days
in advance of each date any material or equipment becomes ready for inspection and shop
quality control tests. In addition, notice for tentative dates for type testing of major
equipment shall be given 90 days in advance.
In the case of material, certified copies of all such inspection and test reports for chemical
analysis and for mechanical and electrical properties shall be available to the Inspector.
Copies of the reports shall be given upon request.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 69 of 75
 Test reports of any and all tests performed in the supply shall be certified by the Inspector
unless specifically waived.
All inspections or tests carried out by the Contractor and to be witnessed by the Inspector
shall be scheduled and performed so as to avoid undue delay in the performance of the
equipment.
The Contractor shall provide without cost to Owner all facilities and assistance for the safety
and convenience of the Inspector in the performance of the Inspector’s duties.
The Contractor shall include in all orders to Subcontractors the requirement that any
equipment being supplied by Sub-contractors for incorporation in the equipment shall be
subject to inspection and testing by the Inspector or the Engineer or any other authorized
agent of Owner. Copies of such order blanked for prices shall be forwarded to Owner.
All of the required tests shall be made at the Contractor’s expense, including the cost of all
testing facilities, test samples and the like.
The Owner reserves the right to require special tests in addition to those specified in the
Contract and the Contractor shall perform such tests, which can be performed either in the
Contractor’s installations or in any other facilities chosen by Owner.
The Contractor will be advised in reasonable time at Owner’s discretion to permit the
preparation of facilities and specimens for such additional tests. Unless otherwise provided,
such tests shall be in accordance with the requirements of international accepted testing
standards and procedures.
The Inspector or the Engineer, or any other agent or agency authorized by Owner in writing,
shall carry out the testing and inspection of any part of the equipment in accordance with the
procedures herein below included:
a. Approval of the Contractor’s inspection plan and initial evaluation of the Contractor’s
inspection system.
b. Periodic checks of the manufacturing procedures to confirm effective application of the
inspection plan.
c. Inspection of matter and/or verification of inspection records at the Inspector’s
discretion including:-
ƒ compliance of raw materials with the requirements of Contract and the required standard;
ƒ compliance of manufactured parts and assemblies with the Contract, released drawings, and
good engineering practice and manufacturing practice;
ƒ check of packing lists to verify that all parts of the equipment listed is packed, including
identification and destination of shipments;
ƒ Periodic inspection of Contractor’s design and production, and preparation of progress
reports with regard to manufacturing process and procedures;
ƒ Witnessing of tests;
ƒ Verification of the Contractor compliance with the equipment delivery schedule, and releases
for dispatch;
ƒ Effectiveness of packing systems for shipment to ensure protection and handling of material
and equipment, and plant;
ƒ The Inspector shall have complete authority to accept or reject, on behalf of the Owner any
material, equipment or parts thereof considered unsatisfactory and not in accordance with the
Contract; failure to inspect and accept or reject materials, equipment or any components
thereof shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract, nor
impose any liability whatsoever on Owner.
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 70 of 75
 The contractor shall furnish a detailed and comprehensive quality plan, in complete, to the
Engineer.
The quality plant shall relate the specific and objective manufacturing practices followed by
the contractor. Accordingly the quality plan shall be submitted broadly under the following
sub-heads :
a. Raw materials/bought out items and components
b. In process tests/checks to establish successful completion/accomplishment of the
process.
c. Final tests/checks in accordance with national international and POWERGRID
specification
The quality plan shall be submitted with all references documents to enable Engineer to
finalize quality plan. The Contractor shall proceed with manufacturing of the equipment
only once the quality plan is approved by the Engineer.
In order to ensure timely execution of the contract the Contractor shall ensure timely
submission/approval of quality plan.
36 Site Inspection
The Owner shall have the right to have Inspectors at the sites, on a regular basis or from time
to time as may be required within his sole description to monitor the quality and the progress
of the work.
The Inspectors shall have the right to order any special Sites tests deemed necessary to verify
the compliance of the equipment with the Contract.
The Contractor shall provide adequately furnished office space in his construction facilities
for the performance of an average of 5 people of the Owner throughout the execution of the
work.
37 Design Reports and Design Reviews
37.1 During detail engineering, the Contractor shall submit the following Design Reports for

review/question/comments by the Owner/Consultant for approval by the Owner:

• Detailed One-Line Diagram and layout with explanations
• Steady State Studies
• Dynamic/Stability Studies
• STATCOM response to MSCs and MSRs switching
• STATCOM Design
• Valve Design
• Transformer Design
• Insulation Coordination
• AC Filter Design
• Shunt Reactors Design
• Shunt capacitor Design
• Dynamic and Steady-State Controls
• Protections
• Auxiliary Power
• Any other relevant report requested by the Owner
37.2 There shall be periodic Design Review Meetings, at Owners Office or Contractors
Office/Factory, as requested by the Owner. Design reviews shall be conducted by Owner
and/or an appointed Consultant at different stages of the procurement process; however the
Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 71 of 75
 entire responsibility of safe and reliable design shall be with the Contractor.
Owner/Consultant may visit the manufacturers works to inspect design, manufacturing and
test facilities. The design review will commence after placement of award with successful
Bidder and shall be finalized before commencement of manufacturing activity.
38 Spare Parts
The Bidder should provide list of spares as per Clause-7 of Section-Project, Technical
specification. The Bidder shall describe how the bidder will respond to the requirement of
spare part and services required for the next 20 years after commissioning. Since STATCOM
technology is developing fast and there is the risk that constituent parts may become
redundant or the manufacturer of certain parts could cease to supply these parts. The Bidder
shall state how the requirement of spares or repairs in future will be handled.
39 Bid Document for STATCOM Station
The Bid Document must include following listed detailed description of the proposed system:
1. One-line diagram and Layout of proposed STATCOM Station
2. STATCOM concept description
3. Main Circuit parameters
4. Characteristics of STATCOM Station (VI Curve)
5. Over-current and Over-Voltage capability of STATCOM
6. Losses
7. STATCOM Power Module and Power Device
8. STATCOM Valve including valve structure
9. STATCOM Valve Cooling
10. Controls system & SCADA including integration with existing SAS.
11. Protection system
12. Insulation Coordination
13. AC Filter (if applicable) and Harmonics
14. Switchgear
15. DC Capacitors
16. Mechanically Switched Capacitors
17. Mechanically Switched Reactors
18. Auxiliary Power System.
19. Mechanical Auxiliaries (Fire Protection System, Air Conditioning, Ventilation Etc)
20. Civil works
21. List of all Test (Factory and site)
22. Simulation Models
23. List of Technical studies as per clause 2.9 of Section-Project
24. List of computer software to be used during design and system studies
25. List of Special Maintenance Tools & Maintenance requirement of various equipment
26. Spares
27. Performance Guarantees
28. List of applicable IEC / IEEE Standards for STATCOM
29. Any other information bidders deemed fit for furnishing.

All deviations from the technical specification shall be brought out separately as per the
format given in the first stage bid documents.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 72 of 75

 Annexure – A
Inhibited Insulating Oil Parameters

Sl. Property Test Method Limits

No
.
A Function
1a. Viscosity at 100degC ISO 3104 or ASTM D445 or (Max.) 3 mm2/s
ASTM D7042

1b. Viscosity at 40degC ISO 3104 or ASTM D445 or (Max.)12 mm2/s

ASTM D7042

1c. Viscosity at -30degC ISO 3104 or ASTM D445 or (Max.)1800 mm2/s

ASTM D7042

2. Appearance A representative sample of The oil shall be clear and bright,

the oil shall be examined in transparent and free from
a 100 mm thick layer, at suspended matter or sediment
3. Pour point ISObi3016 or ASTM D97 (Max.)- 40degC

4. Water content IEC 60814 or ASTM D1533 (Max.)

a) for bulk supply 30 mg/kg
b) for delivery in 40 mg/kg
5. Electric strength IEC 60156 (Min.)50 kV(new unfiltered oil) /
(breakdown voltage) 70 kV (after treatment)

6. Density at 20 deg C ISO 3675 or ISO 12185 or 0.820 - 0.895 g/ml

ASTM D 4052

7. Dielectric dissipation IEC 60247 or IEC 61620 (Max) 0.0025

factor (tan delta) at 90 Or ASTM D924
deg C
8. Negative impulse ASTM D-3300 145 (Min.)
testing KVp @ 25 deg
C
9. Carbon type IEC 60590 or ASTM D 2140 Max. Aromatic : 4 to12 %
composition (% of Paraffins : <50%
Aromatic, Paraffins & balance shall be Naphthenic
B Refining/Stability

1. Acidity IEC 62021-1 or ASTM (Max) 0.01 mg KOH/g

D974

2. Interfacial tension at ISO 6295 or ASTM D971 (Min) 0.04 N/m

27degC

3. Total sulphur content BS 2000 part 373 or ISO 0.05 % (Max.) (before oxidation
14596 or ASTM D 2622 state)

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 73 of 75

 4. Corrosive sulphur IEC 62535 Non-Corrosive on copper and
paper

ASTM D1275B Non-Corrosive

5. Presence of oxidation IEC 60666 or ASTM D2668 0.08% (Min.) to 0.4% (Max.)
inhibitor or D4768 Oil should contain no other
additives .Supplier should declare
6. 2-Furfural content IEC 61198 or ASTM D5837 25 Microgram/litre (Max.)

C Performance

1 Oxidation stability IEC 61125 (method c)

-Total acidity Test duration 500 hour Max 0.3 mg KOH/g
-Sludge Max 0.05 %
2. Oxidation stability IEC : 61125 (Method B) / 220 Minutes (Min.)
(Rotating Bomb test ) ASTM D2112 (a)

D Health, safety and environment (HSE)

1. Flash point ISO 2719 (Min.)135degC

2. PCA content BS 2000 Part 346 Max 3%

3. PCB content IEC 61619 or ASTM D4059 Not detectable (Less than 2
mg/kg)

E Oil used (inhibited) for first filling, testing and impregnation of active parts at
manufacturer's works shall be same type of oil which shall be supplied at site and shall
meet parameters as mentioned below:
1 Break Down voltage 70kV (min.)
(BDV)

2 Moisture content 5 ppm (max.)

3 Tan-delta at 90°C 0.005 (max)

4 Interfacial tension 0.04 N/m (min)

F Each lot of the processed oil shall be tested prior to filling in main tank at site for the
following:

1 Break Down voltage 70 kV (min.)

(BDV)

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 74 of 75

 2 Moisture content 5 ppm (max.)

3 Tan-delta at 90°C 0.0025 (Max)

4 Interfacial tension More than 0.04 N/m

G After filtration & settling and prior to energisation at site oil shall be tested for following:

1 Break Down voltage IS: 1866 / IEC 60422 70 kV (min.)

(BDV)

2 Moisture content at 5 ppm (max.)

hot condition

3 Tan-delta at 90°C 0.005 (Max)

4 Interfacial tension More than 0.04 N/m

5 *Oxidation Stability Test method as per IEC

61125 method C, Test
duration: 500hour for
a) Acidity inhibited oil 0.3 (mg KOH /g) (max.)

b) Sludge 0.05 % (max.)

c) Tan delta at 90 °C 0.05 (max.)

6 *Total PCB content Not detectable (less than 2 mg/kg

total)

* Separate oil sample shall be taken and test results shall be submitted within 45 days
after commissioning for approval of Employer.

Technical Specification: Section-STATCOM Station, Rev01 Page 75 of 75