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S. Asha: National Institute of Technology Rourkela

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17 views17 pages

S. Asha: National Institute of Technology Rourkela

Uploaded by

Aayush Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S.

Asha

CSE Department
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
Software Life Cycle
Conceptualize

Retire Specify

Design
Maintain

Deliver Code

Test
Life Cycle Model

A software life cycle model (also process model or


SDLC):
A descriptive and diagrammatic model of software life cycle:
Identifies all the activities undertaken during product
development,
Establishes a precedence ordering among the different
activities,
Divides life cycle into phases.
Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

Each life cycle phase consists of several activities.


For example, the design stage might consist of:
structured analysis

structured design

Design review
Why Model Life Cycle?

A graphical and written description:


Helps common understanding of activities among the
software developers.

Helps to identify inconsistencies, redundancies, and


omissions in the development process.

Helps in tailoring a process model for specific projects.


Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

The development team must identify a suitable life


cycle model:
and then adhere to it.

Primary advantage of adhering to a life cycle


model:
Helps development of software in a systematic
and disciplined manner.
Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

 When a program is developed by a single programmer ---


 The problem is within the grasp of an individual.

 He has the freedom to decide his exact steps and still succeed ---
called Exploratory model--- One can use it in many ways

 CodeTest Design

 CodeDesign Test  Change Code 

 Specify code Design Test  etc. Fix

Initial
Coding
Test
Do Until
Done
Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

When software is being developed by a team:

There must be a precise understanding among


team members as to when to do what,

Otherwise, it would lead to chaos and project


failure.
Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

A software project will never succeed if:


one engineer starts writing code,
another concentrates on writing the test document first,
yet another engineer first defines the file structure
another defines the I/O for his portion first.
Phase Entry and Exit Criteria
A life cycle model:

defines entry and exit criteria for every


phase.

A phase is considered to be complete:


only when all its exit criteria are satisfied.
Life Cycle Model (CONT.)

 What is the phase exit criteria for the software


requirements specification phase?

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is


complete, reviewed, and approved by the customer.

 A phase can start:

Only if its phase-entry criteria have been satisfied.


Life Cycle Model: Milestones
Milestones help software project
managers:
Track the progress of the project.

Phase entry and exit are


important milestones.
Life Cycle and Project Management

When a life cycle model is followed:


The project manager can at any time
fairly accurately tell,

At which stage (e.g., design, code,


test, etc.) the project is.
Project Management Without Life Cycle Model

 It becomes very difficult to track the progress of the project.

 The project manager would have to depend on the guesses of the


team members.

 This usually leads to a problem:

 known as the 99% complete syndrome.


Project Deliverables: Myth and Reality

Myth:

The only deliverable for a successful project is the working


program.

Reality:

Documentation of all aspects of software development


are needed to help in operation and maintenance.
Many life cycle models have been proposed.
We confine our attention to only a few commonly
used models.
 Waterfall
 Iterative waterfall model Life Cycle Model
(CONT.)
 V model
 Prototyping model
 Incremental development model Traditional models
 Evolutionary
 Rapid Application Development
 Agile models
 Spiral model
 Software life cycle (or software process):
Series of identifiable stages that a software product
undergoes during its life time:
Feasibility study
Requirements analysis and specification,
Design,
Coding,
Testing
Maintenance.

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