SHREEYASH PRATISHTHAN’S

SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(POLYTECHNIC), CHH. SAMBHAJINAGAR

MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

NAME OF DEPARTMENT:-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR:- 2024-25
SEMESTER:- 5 TH
COURSE NAME:- ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDIT ( ECA ).
COURSE CODE:- 22525
MICRO-PROJECT TITLE:- ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMP.
PREPARED BY:-
1) Mr. RATHOD BAIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:- Prof. B.F. SHAIKH.

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU of 5th Semester of Diploma in ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING of Institute SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
( POLYTECHNIC )
has successfully completed Micro-Project Work in Course of ECA for the academic year 2024-25 as
prescribed in the I-Scheme Curriculum.

Date:- 12/11/2024 Enrollment No:- 2210920291

Place:- CHH. SAMBHAJINAGAR. Exam Seat No.:- 432370

Signature Signature Signature

Guide HOD Principal

Seal of Institute
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our profound gratitude to our guide Prof. B. F. Shaikh who
guided us endlessly in framing and completion of Micro-Project. She guided us
on all the main points in that Micro-Project. We are indebted to her constant
encouragement, cooperation and help. It was her enthusiastic support that helped
us in overcoming of various obstacles in the Micro-Project.
We are also thankful to our Principal, HOD, Faculty Members and classmates for
extending their support and motivation in the completion of this Micro-Project.

1) Mr. RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU EN. NO. 2210920291

 Annexure-1
Micro-Project Proposal
(Format or Micro-Project Proposal about1-2pages)

Title of Micro-Project:- ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMPS.

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project (minimum30-50words)

• Lower electricity bills: Energy-efficient lamps use less electricity to produce
the same amount of light as traditional bulbs. This can help lower your
electricity bills.
• Reduced carbon emissions: Energy-efficient lamps can help reduce carbon
emissions.
• Lower maintenance costs: Energy-efficient lamps have lower maintenance costs.
• Better light quality: LED light bulbs can offer comparable or better light
quality thanother types of lighting.
• Longer life: Quality LED light bulbs can last longer than other types of
lighting. More durable: LED light bulbs can be more durable than other types
of lighting.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

a) Interpret energy conservation policies in India.
3.0 Proposed Methodology (Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro-
project) in about 100 to 200 words).
The project will begin with a literature review to understand existing energy-efficient lamptechnologies. We
will collect data on various lamp types, such as LED, CFL, and incandescent, focusing on their energy
consumption, lifespan, and light quality. This will befollowed by a comparative analysis to identify the most
efficient technology. Prototypes of selected lamps will be tested for real-world performance, and their
operational costs will be calculated.Finally, a comprehensive report will be prepared, outlining findings,
recommendations, and potential improvements in lamp technology.
The proposed methodology for developing energy-efficient lamps involves a multi-phase
approach focused on improving lighting performance, reducing energy consumption, and
enhancing user experience. The process begins with research and development, where current
lighting technologies like incandescent, CFL, and LED are analyzed for energy usage, light
quality, and lifespan. Innovations in materials, such as using advanced phosphors or OLEDs,
and designing efficient light engines are prioritized. In the design and prototyping phase,
energy-efficient LED-based lamps are developed, with a focus on maximizing luminous
efficacy, minimizing heat production, and integrating smart lighting features like dimming or
motion sensors. Testing and optimization ensure the prototypes meet performance standards,
such as high luminous efficacy (lumens per watt), durability, and compliance with energy
efficiency certifications. Finally, in the production phase, scalable manufacturing processes are
established to mass-produce affordable and high-quality lamps, while focusing on sustainability
through eco-friendly materials and efficient distribution channels. Post-launch, continuous
feedback is gathered to refine future iterations and improve the overall sustainability and
energy-saving potential of the product. This holistic methodology aims to create lamps that are
not only energy-efficient but also cost-effective, user-friendly, and environmentally responsible.
 Annexure-1

4.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity. The following is for Reference,
The Activities can be Added / reduced / Modified )

Name of
Sr. Planned Planned Responsible
Details of activity
No. Week Start Finish Team Members
date date
1 1 &2 Discussion & Finalization of 01/08/2024 15/08/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Topic
2 3 Preparation of the Abstract 15/08/2024 23/08/2024 Bajirao Rathod
3 4 Literature Review 23/08/2024 30/08/2024 Bajirao Rathod
4 5 Submission of Microproject 30/08/2024 07/09/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Proposal ( Annexure-I)
5 6 Collection of information about 07/09/2024 15/09/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Topic
6 7 Collection of relevant content / 15/09/2024 23/09/2024 Bajirao Rathod
materials for the execution of
Microproject.
7 8 Discussion and submission of 23/09/2024 30/09/2024 Bajirao Rathod
outline of the Microproject.
8 9 Analysis / execution of 30/09/2024 07/10/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Collected data / information and
preparation of Prototypes /
drawings / photos / charts /
graphs / tables / circuits /
Models
/ programs etc.
9 10 Completion of Contents of 07/10/2024 15/10/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Project Report
10 11 Completion of Weekly progress 15/10/2024 23/10/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Report
11 12 Completion of Project Report 23/10/2024 01/11/2024 Bajirao Rathod
( Annexure-II)
12 13 Viva voce / Delivery of 01/11/2024 10/11/2024 Bajirao Rathod
Presentation

5.0 Resources Required (major resources such asraw material, some machining facility,
software etc.)

Sr. Name of Resources / Materials Specification Qty Remarks

No.
1 Refference Book J.S Katre 01
2 Google Internet 01
3 Youtube Internet 01

Names of Team Members with En. Nos.

a) Mr. Rathod Bajirao Bandu EN. NO. 2210920291
 (To be approved by the concerned teacher)
Annexure-II

Micro-Project Report
Format for Micro-Project Report (Minimum 4 pages)

Title of Micro-Project:- ENERGY EFFCIENT LAMP.

1.0 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 30 to 50words.This is a modified version of
the earlier one written after the work)
Energy-efficientlamps are important because they can:
• Save money: Energy-efficient lighting can help lower your electricity bills. In theUnited
States, the average household can save around $225 per year on energy costs by using
LED lighting.
• Reduce carbon emissions: Energy-efficient lighting can help reduce
greenhousegas emissions and your carbon footprint.
• Last longer: Energy-efficient bulbs last much longer than traditional bulbs.
• Generate less heat: Energy-efficient bulbs generate less heat than traditionalbulbs.
• Be cool to the touch: Energy-efficient bulbs are cool to the touch.
2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:- (In about 50 to 150 words)
• Lower electricity bills: Energy-efficient lamps use less electricity to produce
thesame amount of light as traditional bulbs. This can help lower your electricity
bills.
• Reduced carbon emissions: Energy-efficient lamps can help reduce carbonemissions.
• Lower maintenance costs: Energy-efficient lamps have lower maintenance costs.
• Better light quality: LED light bulbs can offer comparable or better light qualitythan
other types of lighting.
• Longer life: Quality LED light bulbs can last longer than other types of lighting.
• More durable: LED light bulbs can be more durable than other types of lighting.
3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list if more Cos are addressed)
• Interpret energy conservation policies in India.
4.0 Literature Review:- ( you can include all the resources which you have used to gather the information
for the Micro-project)

Energy-efficient lamps have become an essential part of modern lighting solutions, driven by growing
environmental concerns, rising energy costs, and technological advancements. These lamps offer reduced
energy consumption, longer lifespan, and better performance compared to traditional lighting options, such
as incandescent and fluorescent lamps. This literature review examines the various energy-efficient lamps
available, including Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs), Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and emerging
technologies, along with their advantages and challenges.

1. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) were among the first energy-efficient alternatives to incandescent
lamps. They work by passing an electric current through a gas, which then emits ultraviolet light. This UV
light excites the phosphor coating inside the lamp, causing it to glow.

 Energy Efficiency: CFLs use about 70% less energy than incandescent bulbs for the same amount of
light output (Lumens).
 Lifespan: CFLs last approximately 8 to 15 times longer than incandescent lamps, typically around 8,000
to 15,000 hours.
 Environmental Impact: CFLs contain small amounts of mercury, which necessitates careful disposal and
recycling to prevent environmental contamination. However, advancements in mercury-free CFLs are
being made.
2. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
 LED technology has rapidly advanced in recent years and is currently one of the most energy-efficient
and versatile lighting options. LEDs use a semiconductor to emit light when an electric current passes
through it.

 Energy Efficiencyx: LEDs consume up to 80% less energy than traditional incandescent lamps, offering
significant energy savings.
 Lifespan: With a lifespan of 25,000 to 50,000 hours, LEDs last much longer than both CFLs and
incandescent bulbs.
 Durability and Performance: LEDs are more durable, resistant to shock and vibration, and perform well
in a wide range of temperatures.
 Environmental Impact: LEDs are free of toxic materials like mercury and are fully recyclable, making
them an environmentally friendly option.

3. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

 Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are an emerging technology in energy-efficient lighting.
OLEDs are made of organic compounds that emit light when an electric current passes through them.

 Energy Efficiency: OLEDs are highly energy-efficient, though they are currently less efficient than
LEDs.
 Lifespan: OLEDs offer a lifespan of approximately 15,000 to 25,000 hours, which is similar to LEDs
but shorter than CFLs.
 Applications: OLEDs are widely used in display technology for televisions and smartphones, and have
potential applications in architectural lighting due to their ability to produce flexible, thin, and uniform
light panels.
 Environmental Impact: OLEDs are free of harmful materials and are easier to recycle than traditional
light sources.

4. Smart Lighting Systems and IoT-Enabled Lamps

 Smart lighting systems represent the next frontier in energy-efficient lamps, integrating Internet of
Things (IoT) technology with traditional and advanced lighting technologies (CFLs, LEDs, OLEDs).
These systems can adjust brightness, color, and even the lamp's operating schedule to optimize energy
use.

 Energy Efficiency: Smart lighting allows for better control over energy use, often reducing consumption
by up to 30-50% through automation, dimming, and occupancy sensors.
 Applications: These systems are used in homes, offices, and public spaces, with features such as motion
sensors, remote control via smartphone apps, and scheduling systems to further enhance efficiency.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed (Write step wise work done, data collected and its analysis
(if any).The contribution of individual member may also be noted.)

1) INCANDESCENT LAMP.
1. Working Principle :
Incandescent lamps operate based on the principle of resistance heating. When an electric current flows
through the filament inside the bulb, the filament's resistance causes it to heat up to high temperatures
(around 2,200°C or 4,000°F). At these temperatures, the filament glows, emitting light.

Filament: Typically made of tungsten due to its high melting point and durability.
Bulb: The filament is encased in a glass bulb filled with an inert gas, like argon, or a vacuum to prevent
oxidation and extend the life of the filament.

2. Advantages of Incandescent Lamps :

 Low Initial Cost: Incandescent bulbs are inexpensive compared to energy-efficient options like LEDs
and CFLs. The low initial purchase cost is a key factor in their popularity, especially in residential
settings.
 Instant Light: Unlike CFLs and some LED lights, incandescent lamps reach full brightness instantly
when turned on, without any warm-up time.
 Color Rendering : Incandescent light provides excellent color rendering (often rated at a Color
Rendering Index (CRI) of 100), which means objects illuminated by incandescent bulbs appear more
natural and true to their original colors.
 Simplicity : The technology is simple and robust, requiring no complex electronic components or
circuitry, which makes these bulbs easy to use and dispose of.

3. Disadvantages of Incandescent Lamps :

 Energy Inefficiency: Incandescent lamps are extremely inefficient. They convert most of the electrical
energy into heat rather than light, resulting in high energy consumption and higher electricity bills
compared to newer technologies like LEDs or CFLs. For instance, a 60-watt incandescent bulb produces
the same amount of light as a 9-12 watt LED bulb.
 Short Lifespan: The relatively short lifespan of about 1,000 hours makes incandescent bulbs costly over
time, despite their low initial cost. This frequent need for replacement adds to their total cost of
ownership.
 Heat Generation: Incandescent bulbs generate a lot of heat, which can contribute to higher cooling costs
in warmer climates or in environments where the lamps are used extensively.
 Environmental Impact: Incandescent bulbs are less environmentally friendly compared to LED and CFL
alternatives. They waste a lot of energy, and while they don’t contain hazardous materials like mercury
(unlike CFLs), their inefficient energy use leads to a higher carbon footprint.

2) HALOGEN LAMP :
 They use the same technology as standard incandescent tungsten bulbs. The central filament is
heated and the surrounding gases brighten the red-hot glow to release more lumens. Halogen bulbs
get their name from the halogen gas that fills the glass globes. Apart from halogen, these bulbs (or
lamps) are sometimes infused with bromine, iodine, or other inert gases.
 In halogen lamps, the ‘filler gas’ doesn’t directly touch the hot filament. The filament isenclosed in
a see-through glass envelope, which is in turn encased in a larger glass globe. Halogen bulbs are
smaller than tungsten bulbs and they last longer. They don’t get as hot to the touch because there’s
an extra layer of gas and glass between your
 fingers and the source of heat and light.
 The luminosity of halogen bulbs (they’re more often labeled as lamps) is roughly 12 to 15 lumens per
watt. This is a slight improvement on tungsten bulbs. So if you’d like to replace a 60W tungsten bulb with
a halogen lamp, you’re looking at a 40W to 45W halogen bulb. Halogen bulbs are sometimes mounted in
reflective cups to enhance lightdirection and intensity.

3) FLUORESCENT LAMP :

Fluorescent lights are popular in greenhouses because they provide illumination without interfering with
your plants’ temperature settings. But if you want high energyefficiency for your gardening needs, you
should probably opt for an LED grow light. It will reduce utility bills, and that’s essential since you’re
also spending on irrigation
systems, fertilizer, and pest control.
The luminosity levels on CFLs is 30 to 60 lumens per watt. Some fluorescents can produce as much as
90 lumens per watt. And because they’re fluorescent bulbs, they
release ‘cool light or ‘blue light’. This light is roughly 4,100°Kelvin (bright white or coolwhite). High-lumen
CFLs can get as high as 5,000°Kelvin to 6,500°Kelvin, which is the same as noon-time daylight.
4) LED LAMP :

 These bulbs have become popular in recent years, so we think of them as ‘new tech’. But the first LED
bulb was invented in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr. and his colleagues atGeneral Electric (GE). Instead of
using heat to produce light, LEDs use photons. LED chips are far smaller than halogen filaments or
tungsten filaments and are sometimesmounted in doubles or triples.

 The basis of an LED chip is a negative diode. When electricity passes through the diode, the electrons
release photons. These photons mingle to release light. Because it takes very little energy to release these
photons, and because their clashes produce so much light, LEDs end up being four to five times more
energy-efficient than their tungsten cousins.

6.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

sr.
Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.

1 Refference Book J.S Katre 01

2 Google Internet 01

3 Youtube Internet 01

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

The outputs of a micro-project focused on developing an energy-efficient lamp include several
key deliverables that demonstrate the project's success. These include functional prototypes of
the energy-efficient lamp, designed with advanced technologies like LEDs, smart features, and
improved thermal management. Performance data such as luminous efficacy, durability testing
results, and energy savings calculations will validate the lamp’s efficiency and longevity
compared to traditional lighting. Environmental impact assessments will highlight the
reduction in carbon footprint and waste, alongside strategies for lamp recycling. Market
analysis and consumer feedback will provide insights into demand, satisfaction, and
educational efforts to promote energy-efficient lighting. Additionally, the project will deliver
manufacturing blueprints for scalable production and distribution, ensuring that the lamp can
be produced cost-effectively. The overall goal of these outputs is to create a commercially
viable, environmentally responsible, and consumer-friendly energy-efficient lamp, while also
contributing to broader sustainability efforts.
8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this Micro-Project

The micro-project focused on developing an energy-efficient lamp provides a wide range of skills and
learning outcomes. Participants gain hands-on experience in engineering design and prototyping, particularly
with energy-efficient technologies like LEDs, smart features, and thermal management. They learn how to
conduct performance testing, analyze luminous efficacy, and optimize energy consumption. The project also
fosters sustainability awareness, as participants develop skills in selecting eco-friendly materials and
assessing environmental impacts, including reducing carbon footprints and promoting recycling.
Additionally, participants enhance project management skills by managing timelines, budgets, and
collaborating within a team. Market analysis skills are honed through identifying consumer needs and
developing strategies for promoting the product, while business acumen is gained through cost-benefit
analysis and manufacturing strategies. The integration of smart technology features also teaches participants
how to incorporate IoT elements into products. Finally, through reporting and presentations, participants
improve their communication and problem-solving abilities, ensuring they can effectively translate complex
technical concepts to diverse audiences. Overall, the micro-project offers a comprehensive learning
experience that combines technical, environmental, and business skills in the context of sustainable product
development.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project:- (In about 30 to 50 words)

1. Residential Lighting: Energy-efficient lamps can replace traditional bulbs, reducing electricity
consumption and costs for households.
2. Commercial and Industrial Use: Businesses can save on energy bills by switching to energy-
efficient lighting systems.
3. Smart Homes: Integrating smart lighting features like motion sensors and remote control
enhances convenience and energy savings.
4. Sustainability Initiatives: The project contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing
energy consumption and promoting recyclable materials in lighting products.
 Annexure-IV
MICRO-PROJECT EVOLUTION SHEET

Name of Student:- Mr. RATHOD BAJIRAO BANDU En. No. 2210920291

Name of Program:- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Semester:- 5 TH
Course Name:- ECA Course Code:- 22525
Title of The Micro-Project:- ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMP.
Course Outcomes Achieved:-

a) Interpret energy conservation policies in India.

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

No. assessed (Marks1-3) (Marks4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks9-10) Total

(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert Below total marks out of 6Marks)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature
Review/information
collection
3 Completion of the Target
as Per project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5
Quality of
Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva(Convert Below total marks out of 4Marks)
7 Presentation
8
Viva

(A) (B)
Process and Product Individual Total Marks
Assessment (6 marks) Presentation/ Viva (4 10
marks)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Name of Course Teacher:- B. F. SHAIKH.

Dated Signature:-