Tutorial No. 6 UG 1st Yr PHI-101 (Physics I) Autumn Sem.

2024-25

1 Calculate the average energy of an oscillator of frequency 0.6 x 1014 s-1 at 1800 K treating it as
(i) Classical oscillator (ii) Planck’s oscillator. Repeat the calculation for frequency 1.5 x 1018 s-1. Analyze your answer.
[Ans. 2.484 x 10-20 J, 1.01 x 10-20 J, 2.484 x 10-20 J, ~ 0 J]

2 From Planck’s law, deduce the value of ν corresponding to peak of E(ν) vs ν curve at 1000 K. In what spectral range
does this frequency lie?
[Ans. 6.25 x 1013 s-1]

3 Sunlight arrives at the earth at the rate of about 1.4 kW/m2 when the sun is directly overhead. The Average radius
of the Earth’s orbit is 1.5 x 1011 m and the radius of the Sun is 7.0 x 108 m. From these figures, find the surface
temperature of the Sun, assuming that it radiates like a blackbody.
[Ans. 5.8 x 103 K]

4 How many independent standing waves with wavelengths between 9.5 and 10.5 mm can occur in a cubical cavity
of size 1 m? How many with wavelength between 99.5 and 100.5 mm?
[Ans. 2.5 x 106, 2.5 x 102]

5 Estimate the temperatures at which a body would appear (i) red and (ii) blue. The corresponding wavelength of
maximum emission are 7500 Å and 5000 Å.
[Ans. 4000 K, 6000 K]

6 Light of wavelength 400 nm is incident upon lithium. Calculate (a) The photon energy and (b) The Stopping
potential V0. [Take work function of lithium as 2.9 eV]
[Ans. 3.1 eV, 0.2 V]

7 An X-ray of wavelength 0.05 nm scatters from a gold target. (a) Can the X-ray be Compton – scattered from an
electron bound by as much as 62,000 eV? (b) What is the kinetic energy of the most energetic recoil electron and
at what angle does it occur.
[Ans. 2.3 keV, forward direction (θ=00)]

8 Photons of wavelength 1.0 Å are scattered at such an angle that the recoil electron has the maximum kinetic
energy. Calculate the wavelength of the scattered X- ray and energy of the recoil electron.
[Ans. 1.0486 Å , 575 eV]

9 A photon, whose energy equals the rest energy of the electron, undergoes a Compton collision with an electron. If
the electron moves off at an angle of 40o with the original photon direction, what is the energy of the scattered
photon?
[Ans. 335 keV]

10 1.5 mW of 400 nm light is directed at a photo electric cell. If 0.10% of the incident photons produce
photoelectrons, find the current in the cell.
[Ans. 0.48 μA]

11 A metal surface illuminated by 8.5 X 1014 Hz light emits electrons whose maximum energy is 0.52 eV. The same
surface illuminated by 12.0 X 1014 Hz light emits electrons whose maximum energy is 1.97 eV. From these data find
Planck’s constant and the work function of the metal surface.
[Ans. h = 6.64X10-34 J.s, 3.0 eV]

12 The stopping potential for electrons emitted from a surface illuminated by light of wavelength 491 nm is 0.710 V.
When the incident wavelength is changed to a new value, the stopping potential is 1.43 V. (a) What is this new
 wavelength? (b) What is the work function for the surface?
[Ans. (a) 382 nm (b) 1.82 eV]

13 Find the wavelength of a 200 eV electron. Would this electron exhibit particle- like or wave- like characteristic on
meeting an obstacle of opening 1mm in diameter?
[Ans: (a). 8.68 X 10-11 m]

14 Show that the de Broglie wavelength of a particle of rest mass m0 and kinetic energy K is given by
λ= hc/√K(K+2m0c2) .

15 Show that if the total energy of a moving particle greatly exceeds its rest energy, its de Broglie wavelength is nearly
the same as the wavelength of a photon with the same total energy.

16 Calculate the phase and group velocities of an electron whose de Broglie wavelength is exactly 1 X 10-13 m.

17 Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of (a) a tennis ball of mass 70 gm traveling at 25 m/s and (b) an electron of
energy 50 eV.
[Ans. 3.8 X 10-34 nm, 0.17 nm]

18 A beam of 2 keV electrons is transmitted through a thin crystal and the diffracted beams are recorded on a screen
35 cm away from the crystal. The radius of three concentric rings on the screen, all corresponding to first-order
diffraction, are 2.1 cm, 2.3 cm and 3.2 cm. What is the lattice plane spacing corresponding to each of the three
rings?
[Ans. 0.457 nm, 0.412 nm, 0.301 nm]

19 A 0.083 eV neutron beam scatters from an unknown sample and a Bragg reflection peak is observed centered at
220. What is the Bragg Plane spacing? Consider first order diffraction.
[Ans. d = 1.33 Å]

20 In an experiment, Davisson and Germer used electrons incident normally on a nickel crystal surface cut parallel to
the principal Bragg planes. They observed constructive interference at an angle of 50o to the normal to the surface.
Find the wavelength associated with the electron beam. The inter atomic spacing of Ni is 2.15 Å.
[Ans. λ = 1.65 Å]