Parametrization

PP 35 : Parametric surfaces, surface area and surface integrals
1. Consider the surface (paraboloid) z = x2 + y 2 + 1.
(a) Parametrize the surface by considering it as a graph.

(b) Show that r(r, θ) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, r2 + 1), r ≥ 0, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π is a parametrization of
the surface.
(c) Parametrize the surface in the variables z and θ using the cylindrical coordinates.
2. For each of the following surfaces, describe the intersection of the surface and the plane
z = k for some k > 0; and the intersection of the surface and the plane y = 0. Further
write the surfaces in parametrized form r(z, θ) using the cylindrical co-ordinates.
p
(a) 4z = x2 + 2y 2 (paraboloid) (b) z = x2 + y 2 (cone)
2 2
(c) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, z ≥ 0 (Upper hemi-sphere) (d) − x9 − y16 + z 2 = 1, z ≥ 0.
3. Let S denote the surface obtained by revolving the curve z = 3 + cos y, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2π about
the y-axis. Find a parametrization of S.
4. Parametrize the part of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16, −2 ≤ z ≤ 2 using the spherical

co-ordinates.
5. Consider the circle (y − 5)2 + z 2 = 9, x = 0. Let S be the surface (torus) obtained by

revolving this circle about the z-axis. Find a parametric representation of S with the
parameters θ and φ where θ and φ are described as follows. If (x, y, z) is any point on the
surface then θ is the angle between the x-axis and the line joining (0, 0, 0) and (x, y, 0) and
φ is the angle between the line joining (x, y, z) and the center of the moving circle (which
contains (x, y, z)) with the xy-plane.
p
6. Let S be the part of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 that lies above the cone z = x2 + y 2 .
Parametrize S by considering it as a graph and again by using the spherical coordinates.
7. Let S denote the part of the plane 2x+5y +z = 10 that lies inside the cylinder x2 +y 2 = 9.
Find the area of S.
(a) By considering S as a part of the graph z = f (x, y) where f (x, y) = 10 − 2x − 5y.

(b) By considering S as a parametric surface r(u, v) = (u cos v, u sin v, 10 − u(2 cos v +
5 sin v)), 0 ≤ u ≤ 3 and 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.
8. Find the area of the surface x = uv, y = u + v, z = u − v where (u, v) ∈ D = {(s, t) ∈ R2 :

s2 + t2 ≤ 1}.
9. Find the area of the part of the surface z = x2 + y 2 that lies between the cylinders
x2 + y 2 = 4 and x2 + y 2 = 16.
10. Let S be the hemisphere {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, z ≥ 0}.
(a) Evaluate S z 2 dσ by considering S as a graph: z = f (x, y).

RR
RR
(b) Evaluate S zdσ by considering S as a parametric surface (but not as a graph).
11. Let S be the part of the cylinder 2 2

RR y + z = 1 that lies between the planes x = 0 and x = 3
in the first octant. Evaluate S (z + 2xy)dσ.
Practice Problems 35: Hints/Solutions
1. (a) r(x, y) = (x, y, 1 + x2 + y 2 ), x, y ∈ R

(b) Easy to verify.
√ √
(c) r(z, θ) = ( z − 1 cos θ, z − 1 sin θ, z), z ≥ 1, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
2 2 √ √
2. (a) For z > 0, x4z + y2z = 1. Hence r(z, θ) = (2 z cos θ, 2z sin θ, z), z ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
(b) r(z, θ) = (z cos θ, z sin θ, z), z ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
√ √
(c) r(z, θ) = ( 9 − z 2 cos θ, 9 − z 2 sin θ, z), 0 ≤ z ≤ 3 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
√ √
(d) r(z, θ) = (3 z 2 − 1 cos θ, 4 z 2 − 1 sin θ, z), z ≥ 1 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
3. The intersection of the surface and the plane y = t is a circle of radius 3+cos t. The projec-
tion of this circle on the xz-plane is parametrized as ((3 + cos t) cos θ, (3 + cos t) sin θ), 0 ≤
θ ≤ 2π. Since t is varying from 0 to 2π, S is given by r(t, θ) = ((3 + cos t) cos θ, t, (3 +
cos t) sin θ), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
4. The entire sphere is represented by r(θ, φ) = (4 sin φ cos θ, 4 sin φ sin θ, 4 cos φ), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
and 0 ≤ φ ≤ π. To represent the given part, we apply −2 ≤ z ≤ 2. This implies π3 ≤ φ ≤
2π
3 . Therefore the required parametrization is r(θ, φ) = (4 sin φ cos θ, 4 sin φ sin θ, 4 cos φ),
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π and π3 ≤ φ ≤ 2π3 .
5. If (x, y, z) ∈ S then z = 3 sin φ and (x, y, 0) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, 0) where r = 5 + 3 cos φ.

Therefore a parametric representation is r(θ, φ) = ((5+3 cos φ) cos θ, (5+3 cos φ) sin θ, 3 sin φ),
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π and 0 ≤ φ ≤ 2π.
√
6. The cone andpthe sphere intersect at the circle x2 + y 2 = 2, z = 2. The surface S is
given by z = 4 − x2 − y 2 , x2 + y 2 ≤ 2 and in spherical coordinates x = 2 sin φ cos θ, y =
2 sin φ sin θ, z = 2 cos φ, 0 ≤ φ ≤ π4 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
7. (a) The projection D of the surface on the xy-plane is {(x, y) : x2 +y 2 ≤ 9}. The required
RR q RR √ √
area is D 1 + fx2 + fy2 dxdy = D 1 + 4 + 25dxdy = 9 30π.
R 3 R 2π √ √ √
(b) The area is 0 0 EG − F 2 dvdu where EG − F 2 = |ru × rv | = u 30.
√ p
8. The surface is r(u, v) = (uv, u + v, u − v) and hence EG − F 2 = 4 + 2(u2 + v 2 ).
RR p R 2π R 1 √
Therefore the required area is D 4 + 2(u2 + v 2 )dudv = 0 0 4 + 2r2 rdrdθ.
9. The entire surface√z = x2 + y 2 is parametrized 2
√ as r(r, θ) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, r ), r ≥ 0 and
2 2
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. Now EG − F = |rθ × rr | = r 4r + 1. Since the projection of the part of
2 2 2 2
the surface on the xy-plane is the R 4 √ between x + y = 4 and x + y = 4, 2 ≤ r ≤ 4.
R 2π region
Therefore the required area is 0 2 r 4r + 1drdθ. 2
q
10. (a) Since 2x + 2zzx = 0, zx = − xz . Similarly zy = − yz . Hence 1 + fx2 + fy2 =
q q
2 2
1 + zx2 + zy2 = 1 + xz 2 + yz 2 = z2 . The projection of the S on the xy-plane is D =
RR p
{(x, y) : x2 +y 2 ≤ 4}. Therefore S z 2 dσ = D z 2 z2 dxdy = 2 D 4 − x2 − y 2 dxdy =
RR RR
R 2π R 2 √
2 0 0 4 − r2 rdrdθ.
(b) The surface is given by x = 2 cos θ sin φ, y = 2 sin θ sin φ, z = 2 cos φ where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
√ R 2π R π
and 0 ≤ φ ≤ π2 . Sine EG − F 2 = 4 sin φ, S dσ = 0 02 2 cos φ4 sin φdφdθ.
RR
√
11. The surface is r(x, θ) = (x, cos θ, sin θ), 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π2 . Therefore EG − F 2 =
RR R π R3 Rπ
|rx × rθ | = 1. Hence S (z + 2xy) = 02 0 (sin θ + 2x cos θ)(1)dxdθ = 02 (3 sin θ + 9 cos θdθ.

Parametrization

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PP 35 : Parametric surfaces, surface area and surface integrals

1. Consider the surface (paraboloid) z = x2 + y 2 + 1.

(a) Parametrize the surface by considering it as a graph.

4. Parametrize the part of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16, −2 ≤ z ≤ 2 using the spherical

5. Consider the circle (y − 5)2 + z 2 = 9, x = 0. Let S be the surface (torus) obtained by

(a) By considering S as a part of the graph z = f (x, y) where f (x, y) = 10 − 2x − 5y.

8. Find the area of the surface x = uv, y = u + v, z = u − v where (u, v) ∈ D = {(s, t) ∈ R2 :

10. Let S be the hemisphere {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, z ≥ 0}.

(a) Evaluate S z 2 dσ by considering S as a graph: z = f (x, y).

11. Let S be the part of the cylinder 2 2

1. (a) r(x, y) = (x, y, 1 + x2 + y 2 ), x, y ∈ R

5. If (x, y, z) ∈ S then z = 3 sin φ and (x, y, 0) = (r cos θ, r sin θ, 0) where r = 5 + 3 cos φ.

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