14.b. Storms
14.b. Storms
14.b. Storms
Various
examples of
congestion,
disruption,
power loss
and
emergency
rescue
around
Montreal.
Storms
Effects on Forestry of New England
• Large areas of New England
declared a Federal Disaster
Zone by the American
Government as eligible for
aid.
• Thousands of acres of forest
destroyed, economical
valuable for supplies of
Timber and Maple Syrup!
• Economic Impact on small
town communities
considerable, yet unlike
Canada, no major American
Cities were affected by the
Ice Storm.
Storms
Military Implications of the Ice Storm
• Largest Canadian Peacetime Operation own
territory.
• 16,000 troops called in, many from the United
States.
• Severe threat of looting and associated risks of state
of emergency enforcement.
• Operation seen as a rehearsal for the nationwide
power outages which could have occurred due the
Millennium Bug.
• Quebec’s reliance on Federal and American aid
during the Ice Storm may have damaged its
campaign for Independence.
Storms
Military Intervention
Storms
Conclusion
• Immense cost of damage to
property and the economy.
• Cause of deaths: Exposure,
poisoning from fuel burning
heaters, road accidents.
• Damaging to Quebec’s claim
for independence as heavily
reliant on Canada and the
US for military manpower,
healthcare and monitory
aid.
Storms
Tsunamis
Definition of Tsunami
A series of massive ocean waves with extremely long
wavelengths and periods, of average speed of 550 mph,
and height of 20 m.
Causes
•Volcanic eruptions.
•Submarine earthquakes.
•Meteorite impact.
•Submarine landslides.
Tsunami
Tsunami generation
• Sediment or rock displaced at ocean floor.
• Water rushes in from surrounding sea to restore the
water level.
• Sea level along nearby coast is lowered.
• Large waves travel outwards from zone of
displacement.
Uses of modelling
• Warning Systems.
• Arrival times.
• Mapping areas at risk from inundation (TIME).
Tsunami
Modeling Tsunami.
Tsunami
Hypothetical Tsunami
along the Pacific
Northwest Coast
generated by
oblique slip.
Tsunami Model
Tsunami
ADCIRC MOST
Tsunami
Occurrence of tsunamis
• Most prevalent in Earthquake
the Pacific region. location
• Susceptible
coastlines: Greater
than 25ft. Above
sea level and 1 mile
of shoreline.
• Hawaii – 1 major
event every 20-25
years.